A possible association between end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and apolipoprotein E (APOE) polymorphism was found in some but not all studies. We have analyzed the APOE genotypes in 995 hemodialyzed patients (cases) and a sample of 6242 healthy individuals (controls) in the Czech Republic. There was a statistically significant difference in the frequency of APOE alleles between cases and controls, with more carriers of the APOE2 allele in ESRD patients (15.9%) than in controls (12.2%) (P = 0.005). The odds ratio of ESRD for the APOE2 allele, compared with APOE3E3 homozygotes, was 1.37 (95% confidence interval 1.13-1.67). The strength of the association increased with the time spent on hemodialysis: the odds ratio of all-cause ESRD in patients dialyzed for eight or more years was 1.27 (0.94-1.71), for 1-8 years 1.41 (1.09-1.81), and less than 1 year (nonsurvivors) 1.94 (0.88-4.18). This study suggests that the APOE2 allele is a possible genetic risk factor for all-cause ESRD in Caucasians.

Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine CEM Laboratory for Molecular Genetics Videnska 1958 9 Prague 4 14021 Czech Republic

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