Vector-borne diseases (VBD) challenge our understanding of emerging diseases. Recently, arthropod vectors have been involved in emerging anaphylactic diseases. In particular, the immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibody response to the carbohydrate Galα1-3Galβ1-(3)4GlcNAc-R (α-gal) following a tick bite was associated with allergies to red meat, cetuximab, and gelatin. By contrast, an anti-α-gal IgM antibody response was shown to protect against mosquito-borne malaria. Herein, we highlight the interplay between the gut microbiota, vectors, transmitted pathogens, and the regulation of the immune response as a model to understand the protective or allergic effect of α-gal. Establishing the source of α-gal in arthropod vectors and the immune response to vector bites and transmitted pathogens will be essential for diagnosing, treating, and ultimately preventing these emerging anaphylactic and other vector-borne diseases.

Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille INSERM U1019 CNRS UMR 8204 Université Lille Nord de France Institut Pasteur de Lille Lille France

Institute of Parasitology Biology Centre of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic 37005 České Budějovice Czech Republic

SaBio Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Cinegéticos IREC CSIC UCLM JCCM 13005 Ciudad Real Spain

SaBio Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Cinegéticos IREC CSIC UCLM JCCM 13005 Ciudad Real Spain; Department of Veterinary Pathobiology Center for Veterinary Health Sciences Oklahoma State University Stillwater OK USA

Citace poskytuje Crossref.org

Tick Bites Induce Anti-α-Gal Antibodies in Dogs

Environmental and Molecular Drivers of the α-Gal Syndrome

Tick galactosyltransferases are involved in α-Gal synthesis and play a role during Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection and Ixodes scapularis tick vector development

Tick-host conflict: immunoglobulin E antibodies to tick proteins in patients with anaphylaxis to tick bite