BACKGROUND: Cognitive disturbances are widely pronounced in schizophrenia and schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Whilst cognitive deficits are well established in the prodromal phase and are known to deteriorate at the onset of schizophrenia, there is a certain discrepancy of findings regarding the cognitive alterations over the course of the illness. METHODS: We bring together the results of the longitudinal studies identified through PubMed which have covered more than 3 years follow-up and to reflect on the potential factors, such as sample characteristics and stage of the illness which may contribute to the various trajectories of cognitive changes. RESULTS: A summary of recent findings comprising the changes of the cognitive functioning in schizophrenia patients along the longitudinal course of the illness is provided. The potential approaches for addressing cognition in the course of schizophrenia are discussed. CONCLUSIONS: Given the existing controversies on the course of cognitive changes in schizophrenia, differentiated approaches specifically focusing on the peculiarities of the clinical features and changes in specific cognitive domains could shed light on the trajectories of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia and spectrum disorders.

Clare College Cambridge Cambridge UK; Department of Psychiatry University of Cambridge Cambridge UK; East London NHS Foundation Trust London UK

Moscow Research Institute of Psychiatry Moscow Russian Federation

Moscow Research Institute of Psychiatry Moscow Russian Federation; National Institute of Mental Health Klecany Charles University Prague Prague Czech Republic; Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology 3rd Faculty of Medicine Charles University Prague Prague Czech Republic; Human Science Centre and Institute of Medical Psychology Ludwig Maximilians Universität Munich Germany

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