Understanding the fundamental mechanisms involved in the induction of biological damage by ionizing radiation remains a major challenge of today's radiobiology research. The Monte Carlo simulation of physical, physicochemical and chemical processes involved may provide a powerful tool for the simulation of early damage induction. The Geant4-DNA extension of the general purpose Monte Carlo Geant4 simulation toolkit aims to provide the scientific community with an open source access platform for the mechanistic simulation of such early damage. This paper presents the most recent review of the Geant4-DNA extension, as available to Geant4 users since June 2015 (release 10.2 Beta). In particular, the review includes the description of new physical models for the description of electron elastic and inelastic interactions in liquid water, as well as new examples dedicated to the simulation of physicochemical and chemical stages of water radiolysis. Several implementations of geometrical models of biological targets are presented as well, and the list of Geant4-DNA examples is described.

Centre for Medical Radiation Physics University of Wollongong NSW Australia

CNRS IN2P3 Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire Clermont Université UMR6533 Aubière France

CRCT UMR 1037 INSERM Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse France; UMR 1037 CRCT Univ Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier F 31000 Toulouse France

Department of Physics Faculty of Sciences Université Saint Joseph Beirut Lebanon

Department of Radiation Dosimetry Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS Praha Czech Republic

Division of Nuclear Physics Ton Duc Thang University Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam; Faculty of Applied Sciences Ton Duc Thang University Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam

Division of Nuclear Physics Ton Duc Thang University Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam; Faculty of Applied Sciences Ton Duc Thang University Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam; Univ Bordeaux CENBG UMR 5797 F 33170 Gradignan France; CNRS IN2P3 CENBG UMR 5797 F 33170 Gradignan France

Geant4 Associates International Ltd United Kingdom; Ecoanalytica 119899 Moscow Russia

Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien Strasbourg France

Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin Universidade Estadual de Campinas SP Brazil

IRSN Institut de Radioprotection et de Sureté Nucléaire BP17 92962 Fontenay aux Roses France

KEK Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan

Medical Physics Laboratory University of Ioannina Medical School Ioannina 45110 Greece

Medical Physics Unit Department of Oncology McGill University Montreal QC Canada

Notre Dame Radiation Laboratory University of Notre Dame Notre Dame IN United States

School of Physics and Astronomy Monash University Melbourne Australia; School of Mathematics and Physics Queen's University Belfast Belfast UK

Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences University of Belgrade Belgrade Serbia

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