This roadmap reviews the new, highly interdisciplinary research field studying the behavior of condensed matter systems exposed to radiation. The Review highlights several recent advances in the field and provides a roadmap for the development of the field over the next decade. Condensed matter systems exposed to radiation can be inorganic, organic, or biological, finite or infinite, composed of different molecular species or materials, exist in different phases, and operate under different thermodynamic conditions. Many of the key phenomena related to the behavior of irradiated systems are very similar and can be understood based on the same fundamental theoretical principles and computational approaches. The multiscale nature of such phenomena requires the quantitative description of the radiation-induced effects occurring at different spatial and temporal scales, ranging from the atomic to the macroscopic, and the interlinks between such descriptions. The multiscale nature of the effects and the similarity of their manifestation in systems of different origins necessarily bring together different disciplines, such as physics, chemistry, biology, materials science, nanoscience, and biomedical research, demonstrating the numerous interlinks and commonalities between them. This research field is highly relevant to many novel and emerging technologies and medical applications.

Centre for Light Matter Interactions School of Mathematics and Physics Queen's University Belfast Belfast BT7 1NN United Kingdom

CY Cergy Paris Université CEA LIDYL 91191 Gif sur Yvette France

Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering University College London London WC1E 6BT U K

Department of Targeted Intervention University College London Gower Street London WC1E 6BT United Kingdom

Eaton European Innovation Center Bořivojova 2380 25263 Roztoky Czech Republic

Faculty of Engineering University of Applied Sciences Aschaffenburg Würzburger Str 45 63743 Aschaffenburg Germany

Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences Královopolská 135 61200 Brno Czech Republic

Institute of Chemistry University of Potsdam Karl Liebknecht Str 24 25 14476 Potsdam Germany

Institute of Physics Carl von Ossietzky University Carl von Ossietzky Str 9 11 26129 Oldenburg Germany

J Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry Czech Academy of Sciences Dolejškova 3 18223 Prague Czech Republic

Kirchhoff Institute for Physics Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 227 69120 Heidelberg Germany

MBN Research Center Altenhöferallee 3 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany

School of Physics and Astronomy University of Kent Canterbury CT2 7NH United Kingdom

TESCAN GROUP 62300 Brno Czech Republic

Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 CNRS Institut Lumière Matière F 69622 Villeurbanne France

Université Paris Saclay CEA LIDYL 91191 Gif sur Yvette France

University College Groningen University of Groningen Hoendiepskade 23 24 9718 BG Groningen The Netherlands

Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW United Kingdom

Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands

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