Cholesterol oxidation products and their biological importance
Jazyk angličtina Země Irsko Médium print-electronic
Typ dokumentu časopisecké články, práce podpořená grantem, přehledy
PubMed
26956952
DOI
10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2016.03.001
PII: S0009-3084(16)30034-2
Knihovny.cz E-zdroje
- Klíčová slova
- Biological membranes, Biophysical properties, Cholesterol, Oxidation, Oxidative stress, Oxysterols, Reactive oxygen species,
- MeSH
- cholesterol metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lipidové dvojvrstvy metabolismus MeSH
- nemoc MeSH
- oxidace-redukce MeSH
- oxysteroly metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Názvy látek
- cholesterol MeSH
- lipidové dvojvrstvy MeSH
- oxysteroly MeSH
The main biological cause of oxysterols is the oxidation of cholesterol. They differ from cholesterol by the presence of additional polar groups that are typically hydroxyl, keto, hydroperoxy, epoxy, or carboxyl moieties. Under typical conditions, oxysterol concentration is maintained at a very low and precisely regulated level, with an excess of cholesterol. Like cholesterol, many oxysterols are hydrophobic and hence confined to cell membranes. However, small chemical differences between the sterols can significantly affect how they interact with other membrane components, and this in turn can have a substantial effect on membrane properties. In this spirit, this review describes the biological importance and the roles of oxysterols in the human body. We focus primarily on the effect of oxysterols on lipid membranes, but we also consider other issues such as enzymatic and nonenzymatic synthesis processes of oxysterols as well as pathological conditions induced by oxysterols.
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