Volatile compounds emitted by diverse phytopathogenic microorganisms promote plant growth and flowering through cytokinin action
Language English Country United States Media print-electronic
Document type Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PubMed
27092473
DOI
10.1111/pce.12759
Knihovny.cz E-resources
- Keywords
- cytokinin, flowering, growth promotion, microbial volatile compounds, photoregulation, photosynthesis, plant-microbe interaction, starch,
- MeSH
- Alternaria physiology MeSH
- Arabidopsis microbiology physiology MeSH
- Cytokinins physiology MeSH
- Photosynthesis physiology MeSH
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction MeSH
- Flowers growth & development physiology MeSH
- Gene Expression Regulation, Plant physiology MeSH
- Rhizosphere MeSH
- Plants microbiology MeSH
- Volatile Organic Compounds metabolism MeSH
- Transcriptome physiology MeSH
- Plant Development physiology MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Names of Substances
- Cytokinins MeSH
- Volatile Organic Compounds MeSH
It is known that volatile emissions from some beneficial rhizosphere microorganisms promote plant growth. Here we show that volatile compounds (VCs) emitted by phylogenetically diverse rhizosphere and non-rhizhosphere bacteria and fungi (including plant pathogens and microbes that do not normally interact mutualistically with plants) promote growth and flowering of various plant species, including crops. In Arabidopsis plants exposed to VCs emitted by the phytopathogen Alternaria alternata, changes included enhancement of photosynthesis and accumulation of high levels of cytokinins (CKs) and sugars. Evidence obtained using transgenic Arabidopsis plants with altered CK status show that CKs play essential roles in this phenomenon, because growth and flowering responses to the VCs were reduced in mutants with CK-deficiency (35S:AtCKX1) or low receptor sensitivity (ahk2/3). Further, we demonstrate that the plant responses to fungal VCs are light-dependent. Transcriptomic analyses of Arabidopsis leaves exposed to A. alternata VCs revealed changes in the expression of light- and CK-responsive genes involved in photosynthesis, growth and flowering. Notably, many genes differentially expressed in plants treated with fungal VCs were also differentially expressed in plants exposed to VCs emitted by the plant growth promoting rhizobacterium Bacillus subtilis GB03, suggesting that plants react to microbial VCs through highly conserved regulatory mechanisms.
College of Agronomy and Plant Protection Qingdao Agricultural University 266109 Qingdao China
Instituto de Agrobiotecnología Iruñako etorbidea 123 31192 Mutiloabeti Nafarroa Spain
References provided by Crossref.org
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