This article reviews static and dynamic interfacial effects in magnetism, focusing on interfacially-driven magnetic effects and phenomena associated with spin-orbit coupling and intrinsic symmetry breaking at interfaces. It provides a historical background and literature survey, but focuses on recent progress, identifying the most exciting new scientific results and pointing to promising future research directions. It starts with an introduction and overview of how basic magnetic properties are affected by interfaces, then turns to a discussion of charge and spin transport through and near interfaces and how these can be used to control the properties of the magnetic layer. Important concepts include spin accumulation, spin currents, spin transfer torque, and spin pumping. An overview is provided to the current state of knowledge and existing review literature on interfacial effects such as exchange bias, exchange spring magnets, spin Hall effect, oxide heterostructures, and topological insulators. The article highlights recent discoveries of interface-induced magnetism and non-collinear spin textures, non-linear dynamics including spin torque transfer and magnetization reversal induced by interfaces, and interfacial effects in ultrafast magnetization processes.

Center for Memory and Recording Research University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla California 92093 0401 USA

Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg Maryland 20899 6202 USA

Department of Applied Physics Center for NanoMaterials COBRA Research Institute Eindhoven University of Technology P O Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands

Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota 55455 USA

Department of Materials Science and Engineering Drexel University Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104 USA

Department of Materials Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 USA

Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA

Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio 43210 USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio 43210 USA; Department of Physics The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio 43210 USA

Department of Physics and Astronomy The Johns Hopkins University Baltimore Maryland 21218 USA

Department of Physics and Astronomy University of California Irvine California 92697 USA

Department of Physics and Astronomy University of California Los Angeles California 90095 USA

Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Denver Denver CO 80208 USA

Department of Physics and Center for Advanced Nanoscience University of California San Diego La Jolla California 92093 USA; Materials Science and Engineering Program University of California San Diego La Jolla California 92093 USA

Department of Physics Oakland University Rochester Michigan 48309 USA

Department of Physics The Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania 16802 USA

Department of Physics University of California Berkeley Berkeley California 94720 USA; Materials Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720 USA

Department of Physics University of South Florida Tampa Florida 33620 7100 USA

Department of Physics University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas 78712 0264 USA

Institute of Physics Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Cukrovarnicka 10 162 53 Praha 6 Czech Republic; School of Physics and Astronomy University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD United Kingdom

Laboratoire de Physique des Solides UMR CNRS 8502 Université Paris Sud 91405 Orsay France

Materials Science Division Argonne National Laboratory 9700 South Cass Avenue Argonne Illinois 60439 USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University 2220 Campus Drive Evanston Illinois 60208 USA

Materials Science Division Argonne National Laboratory Argonne Illinois 60439 USA

Materials Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720 USA; Physics Department University of California 1156 High Street Santa Cruz California 94056 USA

Physics Department Cornell University Ithaca New York 14853 USA; Kavli Institute at Cornell Cornell University Ithaca New York 14853 USA

Radboud University Institute for Molecules and Materials Nijmegen 6525 AJ The Netherlands

Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory 2575 Sand Hill Road Menlo Park California 94025 USA

Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS Thales and Université Paris Sud 11 1 Avenue Fresnel 91767 Palaiseau France

Zobrazit více v PubMed

Abarra EN, Takano K, Hellman F, Berkowitz AE. Thermodynamic Measurements of Magnetic Ordering in Antiferromagnetic Superlattices. Phys Rev Lett. 1996;77:3451. PubMed

Adamo C, et al. Effect of biaxial strain on the electrical and magnetic properties of (001) La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 thin films. Appl Phys Lett. 2009;95:112504.

Aeschlimann M, Bauer M, Pawlik S, Weber W, Burgermeister R, Oberli D, Siegmann HC. Ultrafast spin-dependent electron dynamics in fcc Co. Phys Rev Lett. 1997;79:5158.

Agrawal M, Vasyuchka VI, Serga AA, Kirihara A, Pirro P, Langner T, Jungfleisch MB, Chumak AV, Th Papaioannou E, Hillebrands B. Role of bulk-magnon transport in the temporal evolution of the longitudinal spin-Seebeck effect. Phys Rev B. 2014;89:224414.

Ahn C, et al. Electrostatic modification of novel materials. Rev Mod Phys. 2006;78:1185.

Alebrand S, Gottwald M, Hehn M, Steil D, Cinchetti M, Lacour D, Fullerton EE, Aeschlimann M, Mangin S. Light-induced magnetization reversal of high-anisotropy TbCo alloy films. Appl Phys Lett. 2012;101:162408.

Alebrand S, Bierbrauer U, Hehn M, Gottwald M, Schmitt O, Steil D, Fullerton EE, Mangin S, Cinchetti M, Aeschlimann M. Subpicosecond magnetization dynamics in TbCo alloys. Phys Rev B. 2014;89:144404.

Alegria LD, Ji H, Yao N, Clarke JJ, Cava RJ, Petta JR. Large anomalous Hall effect in ferromagnetic insulator-topological insulator heterostructures. Appl Phys Lett. 2014;105:53512.

Alekhin A, Bürstel D, Melnikov A, Diesing D, Bovensiepen U. Ultrafast Laser-excited Spin Transport in Au/Fe/MgO (001): Relevance of the Fe Layer Thickness. In: Bigot JY, editor. Ultrafast Magnetism I Book Series: Springer Proceedings in Physics. Vol. 159. Springer International Publishing; Switzerland: 2015. p. 241. Ultrafast Magnetism I, Springer Proceedings in Physics Vol. 159. 2015.

Al'Khawaja U, Stoof HTC. Skyrmions in a ferromagnetic Bose-Einstein condensate. Nature. 2001;411:918. PubMed

Allwood DA, Xiong G, Faulkner CC, Atkinson D, Petit D, Cowburn RP. Magnetic Domain-Wall Logic. Science. 2005;309:1688–1692. PubMed

Ambrose T, Chien CL. Finite-Size Effects and Uncompensated Magnetization in Thin Antiferromagnetic CoO Layers. Phys Rev Lett. 1996;76:1743. PubMed

Amin V, Stiles MD. Spin Transport at Interfaces with Spin-Orbit Coupling: Phenomenology. Phys Rev. 2016a;B 94:104420.

Amin V, Stiles MD. Spin Transport at Interfaces with Spin-Orbit Coupling: Formalism. Phys Rev. 2016b;B 94:104419.

Anderson PW. Antiferromagnetism. Theory of superexchange interaction. Phys Rev. 1950;79:350.

Ando K. Dynamical generation of spin currents. Semicond Sci and Tech. 2014;29:043002.

Ando K, Fujita S, Ito J, Yuasa S, Suzuki Y, Nakatani Y, Miyazaki T, Yoda H. Spin-transfer torque magnetoresistive random-access memory technologies for normally off computing (invited) J Appl Phys. 2014;115:172607.

Ando K, Takahashi S, Harii K, Sasage K, Ieada J, Maekawa S, Saitoh E. Electric manipulation of spin relaxation using the spin Hall effect. Phys Rev Lett. 2008;101:036601. PubMed

Ando K, et al. Inverse spin-Hall effect induced by spin pumping in metallic system. J Appl Phys. 2011;109:103913.

Ariando X, et al. Electronic phase separation at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface. Nat Commun. 2011;2:188. PubMed

Aso R, Kan D, Shimakawa Y, Kurata H. Octahedral tilt propagation controlled by A-site cation size at perovskite oxide heterointerfaces. Cryst Growth Des. 2014;14:2128.

Atxitia U, Chubykalo-Fesenko O. Ultrafast magnetization dynamics rates within the Landau-Lifshitz-Bloch model. Phys Rev B. 2011;84:144414.

Atxitia U, Chubykalo-Fesenko O, Kazantseva N, Hinzke D, Nowak U, Chantrell RW. Micromagnetic modeling of laser-induced magnetization dynamics using the Landau-Lifshitz-Bloch equation. Appl Phys Lett. 2007;91:232507.

Avery AD, Sultan R, Bassett D, Wei D, Zink BL. Thermopower and resistivity in ferromagnetic thin films near room temperature. Phys Rev B. 2011;83:100401.

Avery AD, Pufall MR, Zink BL. Observation of the Planar Nernst Effect in Permalloy and Nickel Thin Films with In-Plane Thermal Gradients. Phys Rev Lett. 2012;109:196602. PubMed

Azevedo A, Vilela-Leão LH, Rodriguez-Suarez RI, Oliveira AB, Rezende SM. DC effect in ferromagnetic resonance: Evidence of the spin pumping effect? J Appl Phys. 2005;97:10C715.

Baibich MN, Broto JM, Fert A, Nguyen Van Dau F, Petroff F, Etienne P, Creuzet G, Friederich A, Chazelas J. Giant Magnetoresistance of (001)Fe/(001)Cr Magnetic Superlattices. Phys Rev Lett. 1988;61:2472. PubMed

Bak P, Jensen MH. Theory of helical magnetic structures and phase transitions in MnSi and FeGe. J Phys C: Sol State Phys. 1980;13:L881.

Bakun AA, Zakharchenya BP, Rogachev AA, Tkachuk MN, Fleisher VG. Observation of a surface photocurrent caused by optical orientation of electrons in a semiconductor. JETP Lett. 1984;40:1293. English translation of Pis'ma Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 40, 464.

Baltz V, Manchon A, Tsoi M, Moriyama T, Ono T, Tserkovnyak Y. Antiferromagnetism: the next flagship magnetic order for spintronics? arXiv: 1606.04284 2016

Bandiera S, Sousa RC, Marins de Castro M, Ducruet C, Portemont C, Auffret S, Vila L, Prejbeanu IL, Rodmacq B, Dieny B. Spin transfer torque switching assisted by thermally induced anisotropy reorientation in perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions. Appl Phys Lett. 2011;99:202507.

Barbier A, Mocuta C, Neubeck W, Mulazzi M, Yakhou F, Chesnel K, Sollier A, Vettier C, de Bergevin F. Surface and Bulk Spin Ordering of Antiferromagnetic Materials: NiO(111) Phys Rev Lett. 2004;93:257208. PubMed

Barman A, Wang S, Hellwig O, Berger A, Fullerton EE, Schmidt H. Ultrafast magnetization dynamics in high perpendicular anisotropy [Co⁄Pt]n multilayers. J Appl Phys. 2007;101:09D102.

Bass J, Pratt WP. Current-perpendicular (CPP) magnetoresistance in magnetic metallic multilayers. J Magn Magn Mater. 1999;200:274.

Bass J, Pratt WP. Spin-diffusion lengths in metals and alloys, and spin-flipping at metal/metal interfaces: an experimentalist's critical review. J Phys: Condens Matter. 2007;19:183201.

Battiato M, Carva K, Oppeneer P. Superdiffusive Spin Transport as a Mechanism of Ultrafast Demagnetization. Phys Rev Lett. 2010;105:027203. PubMed

Bauer GEW, Saitoh E, van Wees BJ. Spin caloritronics. Nat Mater. 2012;11:391. PubMed

Bauer U, Yao L, Tan AJ, Agrawal P, Emori S, Tuller HL, van Dijken S, Beach GSD. Magneto-ionic control of interfacial magnetism. Nat Mater. 2015;14:174. PubMed

Beach GSD, Tsoi M, Erskine JL. Current-induced domain wall motion. J Magn Magn Mater. 2008;320:1272.

Beaurepaire E, Merle JC, Daunois A, Bigot JY. Ultrafast spin dynamics in ferromagnetic nickel. Phys Rev Lett. 1996;76:4250. PubMed

Beaurepaire E, Turner GM, Harrel SM, Beard MC, Bigot JY, Schmuttenmaer CA. Coherent terahertz emission from ferromagnetic films excited by femtosecond laser pulses. Appl Phys Lett. 2004;84:3465.

Behnia K. Fundamentals of Thermoelectricity. Oxford University Press; Oxford: 2015.

Belavin AA, Polyakov AM. Metastable states of two-dimensional isotropic ferromagnets. JETP Lett. 1975;22:245. English translation of Pis'ma Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 22, 503.

Bender SA, Duine RA, Tserkovnyak Y. Electronic pumping of quasiequilibrium Bose- Einstein-condensed magnons. Phys Rev Lett. 2012;108:246601. PubMed

Bender SA, Duine RA, Brataas A, Tserkovnyak Y. Dynamic phase diagram of dc- pumped magnon condensates. Phys Rev B. 2014;90:094409.

Beneud F, Monod P. The Elliott relation in pure metals. Phys Rev B. 1978;18:2422.

Berger K. Side-Jump Mechanism for the Hall Effect of Ferromagnets. Phys Rev B. 1970;2:4559.

Berger L. Exchange interaction between ferromagnetic domain wall and electric current in very thin metallic films. J Appl Phys. 1984;55:1954.

Berger L. Emission of spin waves by a magnetic multilayer traversed by a current. Phys Rev B. 1996;54:9353. PubMed

Berger L. Effect of interfaces on Gilbert damping and ferromagnetic resonance linewidth in magnetic multilayers. J Appl Phys. 2001;90:4632.

Berkowitz AE, Takano K. Exchange anisotropy – a review. J Magn Magn Mater. 1999;200:552.

Bert JA, Kalisky B, Bell C, Kim M, Hikita Y, Hwang HY, Moler KA. Direct imaging of the coexistence of ferromagnetism and superconductivity at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface. Nat Phys. 2011;7:767.

Bertotti G, Mayergoyz ID, Serpico C. Nonlinear Magnetization Dynamics in Nanosystems. Elsevier Series in Electromagnetism, Elsevier; 2009.

Bhattacharya A, May SJ. Magnetic oxide heterostructures. Annu Rev Mater Res. 2014;44:65.

Bi C, Liu Y, Newhouse-Illige T, Xu M, Rosales M, Freeland JW, Mryasov O, Zheng S, te Velthuis SGE, Wang WG. Reversible control of Co magnetism by voltage-induced oxidation. Phys Rev Lett. 2014;113:267202. PubMed

Bigot JY, Vomir M, Beaurepaire E. Coherent ultrafast magnetism induced by femtosecond laser pulses. Nat Phys. 2009;5:515.

Bihlmayer G, Rader O, Winkler R. Focus on the Rashba effect. New J Phys. 2015;17:050202.

Binasch G, Grünberg P, Saurenbach F, Zinn W. Enhanced magnetoresistance in layered magnetic structures with antiferromagnetic interlayer exchange. Phys Rev B. 1989;39:4828(R). PubMed

Binder K, Hohenberg PC. Surface effects on magnetic phase transitions. Phys Rev B. 1974;9:2194.

Binder K. In: Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena. Domb C, Lebowitz JL, editors. Vol. 8. Academic; New York: 1983.

Binder K, Landau DP. Critical phenomena at surfaces. Physica A. 1990;163:17.

Binder K, Luijten E. Monte Carlo tests of renormalization-group predictions for critical phenomena in Ising models. Phys Rep. 2001;344:179.

Biskup N, Salafranca J, Mehta V, Oxley MP, Suzuki Y, Pennycook SJ, Pantelides ST, Varela M. Insulating ferromagnetic LaCoO3-δ films: A phase induced by ordering of oxygen vacancies. Phys Rev Lett. 2014;112:087202.

Blatt FJ, Flood DJ, Rowe V, Schroeder PA, Cox JE. Magnon-Drag Thermopower in Iron. Phys Rev Lett. 1967;18:395.

Bode M, Heide M, von Bergmann K, Ferriani P, Heinze S, Bihlmayer G, Kubetzka A, Pietzsch O, Blügel S, Wiesendanger R. Chiral magnetic order at surfaces driven by inversion asymmetry. Nature. 2007;447:190. PubMed

Boeglin C, Beaurepaire E, Halte V, Lopez-Flores V, Stamm C, Pontius N, Dürr HA, Bigot JY. Distinguishing the ultrafast dynamics of spin and orbital moments in solids. Nature. 2010;465:458. PubMed

Bogdanov AN, Yablonskii DA. Thermodynamically stable ‘vortices’ in magnetically ordered crystals. The mixed state of magnets. JETP. 1989;68:101. English translation of Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 95, 178.

Bogdanov A, Hubert A. Thermodynamically stable magnetic vortex states in magnetic crystals. J Magn Magn Mater. 1994;138:255.

Bogdanov AN, Rößler UK. Chiral Symmetry Breaking in Magnetic Thin Films and Multilayers. Phys Rev Lett. 2001;87:037203. PubMed

Bonetti S, Muduli P, Mancoff F, Åkerman J. Spin torque oscillator frequency versus magnetic field angle: The prospect of operation beyond 65 GHz. Appl Phys Lett. 2009;94:102507.

Bonetti S, Tiberkevich V, Consolo G, Finocchio G, Muduli P, Mancoff F, Slavin A, Akerman J. Experimental Evidence of Self-Localized and Propagating Spin Wave Modes in Obliquely Magnetized Current-Driven Nanocontacts. Phys Rev Lett. 2010;105:217204. PubMed

Boona SR, Heremans JP. Magnon thermal mean free path in yttrium iron garnet. Phys Rev B. 2014;90:064421.

Boona SR, Myers RC, Heremans JP. Spin caloritronics. Energy Environ Sci. 2014;7:885.

Borisevich AY, et al. Suppression of Octahedral Tilts and Associated Changes in Electronic Properties at Epitaxial Oxide Heterostructure Interfaces. Phys Rev Lett. 2010;105:087204. PubMed

Bornemann S, Šipr O, Mankovsky S, Polesya S, Staunton JB, Wurth W, Ebert H, Minár J. Trends in the magnetic properties of Fe, Co, and Ni clusters and monolayers on Ir(111), Pt(111), and Au(111) Phys Rev B. 2012;86:104436.

Boross P, Do´ra B, Kiss A, Simon F. A unified theory of spin-relaxation due to spin-orbit coupling in metals and semiconductors. Sci Rep. 2013;3:3233. doi: 10.1038/srep03233. PubMed DOI PMC

Boulle O, Malinowski G, Kläui M. Current-induced domain wall motion in nanoscale ferromagnetic elements. Mater Sci Eng: R: Rep. 2011;72:159.

Boulle O, Rohart S, Buda-Prejbeanu LD, Jué E, Miron IM, Pizzini S, Vogel J, Gaudin G, Thiaville A. Domain Wall Tilting in the Presence of the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya Interaction in Out-of-Plane Magnetized Magnetic Nanotracks. Phys Rev Lett. 2013;111:217203. PubMed

Boulle O, et al. Room-temperature chiral magnetic skyrmions in ultrathin magnetic nanostructures. Nat Nanotech. 2016;11:449. PubMed

Bousquet E, Spaldin N. Induced magnetoelectric repsonse in Pnma perovskites. Phys Rev Lett. 2011;107:197603. PubMed

Brataas A, Kent AD, Ohno H. Current-induced torques in magnetic materials. Nat Mater. 2012;11:372. PubMed

Brataas A, Nazarov YV, Bauer GEW. Finite-Element Theory of Transport in Ferromagnet–Normal Metal Systems. Phys Rev Lett. 2000;84:2481. PubMed

Brataas A, Nazarov Y, Bauer G. Spin-transport in multi-terminal normal metal-ferromagnet systems with non-collinear magnetizations. Eur Phys J B. 2001;22:99.

Brey L, Fernández-Rossier J, Tejedor C. Spin depolarization in the transport of holes across GaMnAs/GaAlAs/p-GaAs. Phys Rev B. 2004;70:235334.

Brinkman A, Huijben M, van Zalk M, Huijben U, Zeitler U, Maan JC, van der Wiel WG, Rijnders G, Blank DHA, Hilgenkamp H. Magnetic effects at the interface between non-magnetic oxides. Nat Mater. 2007;6:493. PubMed

Brown WF., Jr . Micromagnetics. Wiley; New York: 1963.

Bruno P, Chappert C. Oscillatory coupling between ferromagnetic layers separated by a nonmagnetic metal spacer. Phys Rev Lett. 1991;67:1602. PubMed

Burkov AA, Hawthorn DG. Spin and charge transport on the surface of a topological insulator. Phys Rev Lett. 2010;105:066802. PubMed

Butler WH, Zhang XG, Schulthess TC, MacLaren JM. Spin-dependent tunneling conductance of Fe|MgO|Fe sandwiches. Phys Rev B. 2001;63:054416.

Büttner F, et al. Dynamics and inertia of skyrmionic spin structures. Nat Phys. 2015;11:225.

Bychkov YA, Rashba EI. Properties of a 2D electron gas with lifted spectral degeneracy. JETP Lett. 1984;39:78. (1984). (English translation of Pis'ma Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 39, 66.)

Cable JW, Khan MR, Felcher GP, Schuller IK. Macromagnetism and micromagnetism in Ni-Mo metallic superlattices. Phys Rev B. 1986;34:1643. PubMed

Camley RE, Barnaś J. Theory of giant magnetoresistance effects in magnetic layered structures with antiferromagnetic coupling. Phys Rev Lett. 1989;63:664. PubMed

Carbone C, Vescovo E, Rader O, Gudat W, Eberhardt W. Exchange split quantum well states of a noble metal film on a magnetic substrate. Phys Rev Lett. 1993;71:2805. PubMed

Carcia PF. Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in Pd/Co and Pt/Co thin-film layered structures. J Appl Phys. 1988;63:5066.

Carcia PF, Meinhaldt AD, Suna A. Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in Pd/Co thin film layered structures. Appl Phys Lett. 1985;47:178.

Carpene E, Mancini E, Dallera C, Brenna M, Puppin E, De Silvestri S. Dynamics of electron-magnon interaction and ultrafast demagnetization in thin iron films. Phys Rev B. 2008;78:174422.

Carra P, Thole BT, Altarelli M, Wang X. X-ray circular dichroism and local magnetic fields. Phys Rev Lett. 1993;70:694. PubMed

Carva K, Battiato M, Oppeneer PM. Ab Initio Investigation of the Elliott-Yafet Electron-Phonon Mechanism in Laser-Induced Ultrafast Demagnetization. Phys Rev Lett. 2011;107:207201. PubMed

Chakhalian J, Freeland JW, Habermeier HU, Cristiani G, Khaliullin G, van Veenendaal M, Keimer B. Orbital reconstruction and covalent bonding at an oxide interface. Science. 2007;318:1114. PubMed

Chakhalian J, et al. Magnetism at the interface between ferromagnetic and superconducting oxides. Nat Phys. 2006;2:244.

Chakhalian J, Millis AJ, Rondinelli J. Whither the oxide interface. Nat Mater. 2012;11:92. PubMed

Chang CZ, Zhang J, Feng X, et al. Experimental Observation of the Quantum Anomalous Hall Effect in a Magnetic Topological Insulator. Science. 2013a;340:167. PubMed

Chang CZ, Zhang J, Liu M, et al. Thin Films of Magnetically Doped Topological Insulator with Carrier-Independent Long-Range Ferromagnetic Order. Adv Mater. 2013b;25:1065. PubMed

Chang CZ, Zhao W, Kim DY, Wei P, Jain JK, Liu C, Chan MHW, Moodera JS. Zero-Field Dissipationless Chiral Edge Transport and the Nature of Dissipation in the Quantum Anomalous Hall State. Phys Rev Lett. 2015a;115:057206. PubMed

Chang CZ, Zhao W, Kim DY, Zhang H, Asaaf BA, Heiman D, Zhang SC, Liu CX, Chan MHW, Moodera JS. High-precision realization of robust quantum anomalous Hall state in a hard ferromagnetic topological insulator. Nat Mater. 2015b;14:473. PubMed

Chanthbouala A, Matsumoto R, Grollier J, Cros V, Anane A, Fert A, Khvalkovskiy AV, Zvezdin KA, Nishimura K, Nagamine Y, Maehara H, Tsunekawa K, Fukushima A, Yuasa S. Vertical-current-induced domain-wall motion in MgO-based magnetic tunnel junctions with low current densities. Nat Phys. 2011;7:626.

Chapman JN, Scheinfein MR. Transmission electron microscopies of magnetic nanostructures. J Magn Magn Mater. 1999;200:729.

Chappert C. Metal spintronics: Electronics free of charge. Nat Phys. 2008;4:837.

Chappert C, Dang KL, Beauvillain P, Hurdequint H, Renard D. Ferromagnetic resonance studies of very thin cobalt films on a gold substrate. Phys Rev B. 1986;34:3192. PubMed

Charilaou M, Hellman F. Mean-field simulation of metal oxide antiferromagnetic films and multilayers. Phys Rev B. 2013;87:184433.

Charilaou M, Hellman F. Anomalous magnetic thermodynamics in uncompensated collinear antiferromagnets. Europhys Lett. 2014;107:27002.

Charilaou M, Bordel C, Hellman F. Magnetization switching and inverted hysteresis in perpendicular antiferromagnetic superlattices. Appl Phys Lett. 2014;104:212405.

Charilaou M, Bordel C, Berche PE, Maranville BB, Fischer P, Hellman F. Magnetic properties of ultrathin discontinuous Co/Pt multilayers: Comparison with short-range ordered and isotropic CoPt3 films. Phys Rev B. 2016;93:224408.

Charilaou M, Hellman F. Roughness effects in uncompensated antiferromagnets. J Appl Phys. 2015;117:083907. PubMed

Charilaou M, Hellman F. Surface-induced phenomena in uncompensated collinear antiferromagnets. J Phys: Condens Matter. 2015b;27:086001. PubMed

Chazalviel JN. Spin-dependent Hall effect in semiconductors. Phys Rev B. 1975;11:3918.

Chazalviel JN, Solomon I. Experimental evidence of the anomalous Hall effect in a nonmagnetic semiconductor. Phys Rev Lett. 1972;29:1676.

Checkelsky JG, Ye J, Onose Y, Iwasa Y, Tokura Y. Dirac-fermion-mediated ferromagnetism in a topological insulator. Nat Phys. 2012;8:729.

Checkelsky JG, Yoshimi R, Tsukazaki A, Takahashi KS, Kozuka Y, Falson J, Kawasaki M, Tokura Y. Trajectory of the anomalous Hall effect towards the quantized state in a ferromagnetic topological insulator. Nat Phys. 2014;10:731.

Chen A, Hutchby J, Zhirnov V, Bourianoff G. Emerging nanoelectronic devices. Wiley; New York: 2015a.

Chen G, Ma T, N'Diaye AT, Kwon H, Won C, Wu Y, Schmid AK. Tailoring the chirality of magnetic domain walls by interface engineering. Nat Commun. 2013a;4:2671. PubMed

Chen G, Mascaraque A, N'Diaye AT, Schmid AK. Room temperature skyrmion ground state stabilized through interlayer exchange coupling. Appl Phys Lett. 2015b;106:242404.

Chen G, Zhu J, et al. Novel Chiral Magnetic Domain Wall Structure in Fe/Ni/Cu(001) Films. Phys Rev Lett. 2013b;110:177204. PubMed

Chen H, Kent AD, MacDonald AH, Sodemann I. Nonlocal transport mediated by spin supercurrents. Phys Rev B. 2014a;90:220401.

Chen H, Niu Q, MacDonald AH. Anomalous Hall Effect Arising from Noncollinear Antiferromagnetism. Phys Rev Lett. 2014b;112:017205. PubMed

Chen YL, et al. Massive Dirac Fermion on the Surface of a Magnetically Doped Topological Insulator. Science. 2010;329:659. PubMed

Cheng R, Xiao J, Niu Q, Brataas A. Spin Pumping and Spin-Transfer Torques in Antiferromagnets. Phys Rev Lett. 2014;113:057601. PubMed

Cheng X, Katine JA, Rowlands GE, Krivorotov IN. Nonlinear ferromagnetic resonance induced by spin torque in nanoscale magnetic tunnel junctions. Appl Phys Lett. 2013;103:082402.

Cheng X, Boone CT, Zhu J, Krivorotov IN. Nonadiabatic Stochastic Resonance of a Nanomagnet Excited by Spin Torque. Phys Rev Lett. 2010;105:047202. PubMed

Cheong SW, Mostovoy M. Multiferroics: A magnetic twist for ferroelectricity. Nat Mater. 2007;6:13. PubMed

Cherifi RO, et al. Electric-field control of magnetic order above room temperature. Nat Mater. 2015;13:345. PubMed

Chernyshov A, Overby M, Liu X, Furdyna JK, Lyanda-Geller Y, Rokhinson LP. Evidence for reversible control of magnetization in a ferromagnetic material by means of spin-orbit magnetic field. Nat Phys. 2009;5:656.

Chmaiseem O, Dabrowski B, Kolesnik S, Mais J, Brown DE, Kruk R, Prior P, Pyles B, Jorgensen JD. Relationship between structural parameters and the Néel temperature in Sr1-xCaxMnO3 (0≤x≤1) and Sr1-yBayMnO3 (y≤0.2) Phys Rev B. 2001;64:134412.

Cho J, et al. Thickness dependence of the interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction in inversion symmetry broken systems. Nat Commun. 2015;6:7635. PubMed PMC

Choe SB, Acremann Y, Scholl A, Bauer A, Doran A, Stöhr J, Padmore HA. Vortex Core-Driven Magnetization Dynamics. Science. 2004;304:420. PubMed

Choi GM, Moon CH, Min BC, Lee KJ, Cahill DG. Thermal spin-transfer torque driven by the spin-dependent Seebeck effect in metallic spin-valves. Nat Phys. 2015;11:576.

Choi GM, Min BC, Lee KJ, Cahill DG. Spin current generated by thermally driven ultrafast demagnetization. Nat Commun. 2014;5:4334. PubMed

Choi J, Wu J, Won C, Wu YZ, Scholl A, Doran A, Owens T, Qiu ZQ. Magnetic Bubble Domain Phase at the Spin Reorientation Transition of Ultrathin Fe/Ni/Cu (001) Film. Phys Rev Lett. 2007;98:207205. PubMed

Chung SH, Pierce DT, Unguris J. Simultaneous measurement of magnetic vortex polarity and chirality using scanning electron microscopy with polarization analysis (SEMPA) Ultramicroscopy. 2010;110:177. PubMed

Ciccarelli C, Zârbo LP, Irvine AC, Campion RP, Gallagher BL, Wunderlich J, Jungwirth T, Ferguson AJ. Spin gating electrical current. Appl Phys Lett. 2012;101:122411.

Ciccarelli C, Anderson L, Tshitoyan V, Ferguson AJ, Gerhard F, Gould C, Molenkamp LW, Gayles J, Železný J, Šmejkal L, Yuan Z, Sinova J, Freimuth F, Jungwirth T. Room- temperature spin-orbit torque in NiMnSb. Nat Phys. 2016;12:855.

Coey JMD, Chambers SA. Oxide dilute magnetic semiconductors - fact or fiction? MRS Bull. 2008;33:1053.

Coey JMD, Viret M, von Molnar S. Mixed-valence manganites. Adv Phys. 1999;48:167.

Coey JMD. Magnetism and Magnetic Materials. Cambridge University Press; 2010.

Coey JMD, Venkatesan M, Stamenov P. J Phys: Cond Mat. 2016a;28:485001. PubMed

Coey JMD, Ackland K, Venkatesan M, Sen S. Nat Phys. 2016b advance online publication.

Collet M, et al. Generation of coherent spin-wave modes in Yttrium Iron Garnet microdiscs by spin-orbit torque. Nat, Commun. 2016;7:10377. 2016. PubMed PMC

Costa AT, Muniz RB, Lounis S, Klautau AB, Mills DL. Spin-orbit coupling and spin waves in ultrathin ferromagnets: The spin-wave Rashba effect. Phys Rev B. 2010;82:014428.

Costache MV, Bridoux G, Neumann I, Valenzuela SO. Magnon-drag thermopile. Nat Mater. 2012;11:199. PubMed

Crangle J, Scott WR. Dilute Ferromagnetic Alloys. J Appl Phys. 1965;36:921.

Crépieux A, Lacroix C. Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya interactions induced by symmetry breaking at a surface. J Magn Magn Mater. 1998;182:341.

Culcer D, Hwang E, Stanescu T, Das Sarma S. Two-dimensional surface charge transport in topological insulators. Phys Rev B. 2010;82:155457.

Da Col S, et al. Observation of Bloch-point domain walls in cylindrical magnetic nanowires. Phys Rev B. 2014;89:180405.

Daalderop GHO, Kelly PJ, Schuurmans MFH. First-principles calculation of the magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy of iron, cobalt, and nickel. Phys Rev B. 1990;41:11919. PubMed

Daalderop GHO, Kelly PJ, den Broeder FJA. Prediction and confirmation of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in Co/Ni multilayers. Phys Rev Lett. 1992;68:682. PubMed

Daalderop GHO, Kelly PJ, Schuurmans MFH. Magnetic anisotropy of a freestanding Co monolayer and of multilayers which contain Co monolayers. Phys Rev B. 1994;50:9989. PubMed

Dagotto E. Complexity in Strongly Correlated Electronic Systems. Science. 2005;309:257. PubMed

Dahlberg ED, Proksch R. Magnetic microscopies: The new additions. J Magn Magn Mater. 1999;200:720.

Dalla Longa F\, Kohlhepp JT, de Jonge WJM, Koopmans B. Laser-induced magnetization dynamics in Co⁄IrMn exchange coupled bilayers. J Appl Phys. 2008;103:07B101.

Dalla Longa F, Kohlhepp JT, de Jonge WJM, Koopmans B. Resolving the genuine laser-induced ultrafast dynamics of exchange interaction in ferromagnet/antiferromagnet bilayers. Phys Rev B. 2010;81:094435.

Dang HT, Millis AJ. Designing ferromagnetism in vanadium oxide based superlattices. Phys Rev B. 2013;87:184434.

Dankert A, Geurs J, Kamalakar MV, Dash SP. Room Temperature Electrical Detection of Spin Polarized Currents in Topological Insulators. Nano Lett. 2015;15:7976. PubMed

Daughton JM. Magnetoresistive memory technology. Thin Solid Films. 1992;216:162.

Daughton JM. GMR applications. J Magn Magn Mater. 1999;192:334.

de Gennes PG, Prost J. The physics of liquid crystals. Oxford, New York: 1995.

de Groot RA, Mueller FM, Engen PGv, Buschow KHJ. New Class of Materials: Half-Metallic Ferromagnets. Phys Rev Lett. 1983;50:2024.

de la Venta J, Wang S, Saerbeck T, Ramirez JG, Valmianski I, Schuller IK. Coercivity enhancement in V2O3/Ni bilayers driven by nanoscale phase coexistence. Appl Phys Lett. 2014;104:062410.

Demasius KU, Phung T, Zhang W, Hughes BP, Yang SH, Kellock A, Han W, Pushp A, Parkin SSP. Enhanced spin–orbit torques by oxygen incorporation in tungsten films. Nature Communications. 2016;7:10644. PubMed PMC

Demidov VE, Ulrichs H, Gurevich SV, Demokritov SO, Tiberkevich V, Slavin AN, Zholud A, Urazhdin S. Synchronization of spin Hall nano-oscillators to external microwave signals. Nat Commun. 2014;5:3179. PubMed

Demidov VE, Urazhdin S, Edwards ERJ, Stiles MD, McMichael RD, Demokritov SO. Control of Magnetic Fluctuations by Spin Current. Phys Rev Lett. 2011;107:107204. PubMed

Demidov VE, Urazhdin S, Ulrichs H, Tiberkevich V, Slavin A, Baither D, Schmitz G, Demokritov SO. Magnetic nano-oscillator driven by pure spin current. Nat Mater. 2012;11:1028. PubMed

Demokritov S, Tsymbal E, Grünberg P, Zinn W, Schuller IK. Magnetic-dipole mechanism for biquadratic interlayer coupling. Phys Rev B. 1994;49:720. PubMed

Demokritov SO. Biquadratic interlayer coupling in layered magnetic systems. J Phys D. 1998;31:925.

den Broeder FJA, Hoving W, Bloemen PJH. Magnetic anisotropy of multilayers. J Magn Magn Mater. 1991;93:562.

Deorani P, Son J, Banerjee K, Koirala N, Brahlek M, Oh S, Yang H. Observation of inverse spin Hall effect in bismuth selenide. Phys Rev B. 2014;90:094403.

Dhoot AS, Israel C, Moya X, Mathur ND, Friend RH. Large electric field effect in electrolyte-gated manganites. Phys Rev Lett. 2009;102:136402. PubMed

Diaz SA, Troncoso RE. Controlling skyrmion helicity via engineered Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions. J Phys: Condens Matter. 2016;28:426005. PubMed

Di K, V, Zhang L, Lim HS, Ng SC, Kuok MH, Qiu X, Yang H. Asymmetric spin-wave dispersion due to Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction in an ultrathinh Pt/CoFeB film. Appl Phys Lett. 2015;106:052403.

Diehl HW. In: Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena. Domb C, Lebowitz JL, editors. Vol. 10. Academic; New York: 1986. p. 75.

Dieny B. Giant magnetoresistance in spin-valve multilayers. J Magn Magn Mater. 1994;136:335.

Dieny B, et al. Spin-transfer effect and its use in spintronics components. Int J Nanotechn. 2010;7:591.

Dieny B, V, Speriosu S, Parkin SSP, Gurney BA, Wilhoit DR, Maur D. Giant magnetoresistive in soft ferromagnetic multilayers. Phys Rev B. 1991;43:1297. PubMed

Dietl T. A ten-year perspective on dilute magnetic semiconductors and oxides. Nat Mater. 2010;9:965. PubMed

Djordjevic M, Eilers G, Parge A, Münzenberg M, Moodera JS. Intrinsic and nonlocal Gilbert damping parameter in all optical pump-probe experiments. J Appl Phys. 2006;99:08F308.

Donahue M, Porter D. Interagency Report NISTIR. NIST; Gaithersburg, MD: 1999. OOMMF User's Guide, Version 1.0; p. 6376. http://math.nist.gov/oommf/

Dong S, Yamauchi K, Yunoki S, Yu R, Liang S, Moreo A, Liu JM, Picozzi S, Dagotto E. Exchange bias driven by the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction and ferroelectric polarization at G-type antiferromagnetic perovskite interfaces. Phys Rev Lett. 2009;103:127201. PubMed

Dosch H. Springer Tracts in Modern Physics. Vol. 126. Springer; Berlin: 1992. Critical Phenomena at Surfaces and Interfaces: Evanescent x-ray and Neutron Scattering.

Dresselhaus G. Spin-orbit coupling effects in zinc blende structures. Phys Rev. 1955;100:580.

Duan CG, Velev JP, Sabirianov RF, Zhu Z, Chu J, Jaswal SS, Tsymbal EY. Surface magnetoelectric effect in ferromagnetic metal films. Phys Rev Lett. 2008;101:137201. PubMed

Duan Z, Smith A, Yang L, Youngblood B, Lindner J, Demidov VE, Demokritov SO, Krivorotov IN. Nanowire spin torque oscillator driven by spin orbit torques. Nat Commun. 2014;5:5616. PubMed

Dupé B, Hoffmann M, Paillard C, Heinze S. Tailoring magnetic skyrmions in ultra-thin transition metal films. Nat Commun. 2014;5:4030. PubMed

Dussaux A, et al. Large microwave generation from current-driven magnetic vortex oscillators in magnetic tunnel junctions. Nat Commun. 2010;1:8. PubMed

D'yakonov MI, Perel' VI. Possibility of orienting electron spins with current. JETP Lett. 1971;13:467. English translation of Pis'ma Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 13, 657.

Dzyaloshinskii IA. A thermodynamic theory of “weak“ ferromagnetism of antiferromagetics. JETP. 1957;5:1259. J. Phys. Chem. Sol. 4, 241 (1958)

Dzyaloshinskii IE. Theory of helicoidal structures in antiferromagnets III. JETP. 1965;20:655.

Dzyaloshinskii IE. Theory of Helicoidal Structures in Antiferromagnets. I. Nonmetals. JETP. 1964;19:960. English translation of Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 46, 1420.

Edelstein VM. Spin polarization of conduction electrons induced by electric current in two-dimensional asymmetric electron system. Solid State Commun. 1990;73:233.

Edwards DM, Mathon J, Muniz RB, Phan MS. Oscillations of the exchange in magnetic multilayers as an analog of de Haas-van Alphen effect. Phys Rev Lett. 1991;67:493. PubMed

Edwards ERJ, Ulrichs H, Demidov VE, Demokritov SO, Urazhdin S. Parametric excitation of magnetization oscillations controlled by pure spin current. Phys Rev B. 2012;86:134420.

Eisebitt S, Luning J, Schlotter WF, Lorgen M, Hellwig O, Eberhardt W, Stohr J. Lensless imaging of magnetic nanostructures by X-ray spectro-holography. Nature. 2004;432:885. PubMed

Elliott RJ. Theory of the effect of spin-orbit coupling on magnetic resonance in some semiconductors. Phys Rev. 1954;96:266.

Emori S, Bauer U, Ahn SM, Martinez E, Beach GSD. Current-driven dynamics of chiral ferromagnetic domain walls. Nat Mater. 2013;12:611. PubMed

Emori S, Martinez E, Lee KJ, Lee HW, Bauer U, Ahn SM, Agrawal P, Bono DC, Beach GSD. Spin Hall torque magnetometry of Dzyaloshinskii domain walls. Phys Rev B. 2014;90:184427.

Engebretson DM, Macedo WAA, Schuller IK, Crowell PA, Leighton C. Time domain dynamics of the asymmetric magnetization reversal in exchange biased bilayers. Phys Rev B. 2005;71:184412.

Engel BN, England CD, Van Leeuwen RA, Wiedmann MH, Falco CM. Interface magnetic anisotropy in epitaxial superlattices. Phys Rev Lett. 1991;67:1910. PubMed

Eschenlohr A, Battiato M, Maldonado P, Pontius N, Kachel T, Holldack K, Mitzner R, Föhlisch A, Oppeneer PM, Stamm C. Ultrafast spin transport as key to femtosecond demagnetization. Nat Mater. 2013;12:332. PubMed

Eschenlohr A, Battiato M, Maldonado P, Pontius N, Kachel T, Holldack K, Mitzner R, Föhlisch A, Oppeneer PM, Stamm C. Reply to ‘Optical excitation of thin magnetic layers in multilayer structures,’. Nat Mater. 2014;13:102. PubMed

Escorcia-Aparicio EJ, Wolfe JH, Choi HJ, Ling WL, Kawakami RK, Qui ZQ. Modification of the magnetic properties of Fe/Cr(001) by controlling the compensation of a vicinal Cr(001) surface. J Appl Phys. 1999;85:4961.

Essenberger F, Sharma S, Dewhurst JK, Bersier C, Cricchio F, Nordström L, Gross EKU. Magnon spectrum of transition-metal oxides: calculations including long-range magnetic interactions using the LSDA + U method. Phys Rev B. 2011;84:174425.

Evans RFL, Ostler TA, Chantrell RW, Radu I, Rasing T. Ultrafast thermally induced magnetic switching in synthetic ferrimagnets. Appl Phys Lett. 2014;104:082410.

Everschor K. Rotating skyrmion lattices by spin torques and field or temperature gradients. Phys Rev B. 2012;86:054432.

Ezawa M. Giant Skyrmions Stabilized by Dipole-Dipole Interactions in Thin Ferromagnetic Films. Phys Rev Lett. 2010;105:197202. PubMed

Fan X, Wu J, Chen Y, Jerry MJ, Zhang H, Xiao JQ. Observation of the nonlocal spin-orbital effective field. Nat Commun. 2013;4:1799. PubMed

Fan Y, Ma X, Fang F, Zhu J, Li Q, Ma TP, Wu YZ, Chen ZH, Zhao HB, Lüpke G. Photoinduced spin angular momentum transfer into an antiferromagnetic insulator. Phys Rev B. 2014a;89:094428.

Fan Y, Upadhyaya P, et al. Magnetization switching through giant spin–orbit torque in a magnetically doped topological insulator heterostructure. Nat Mater. 2014b;13:699. PubMed

Fan Y, Kou X, et al. Electric-field control of spin-orbit torque in a magnetically doped topological insulator. Nat Nanotech. 2016;11:352. PubMed

Farle M, Baberschke K, Stetter U, Aspelmeier A, Gerhardter F. Thickness-dependent Curie temperature of Gd(0001)/W(110) and its dependence on the growth conditions. Phys Rev B. 1993;47:11571(R). PubMed

Ferri FA, Pereira-da-Silva MA, Marega E., Jr Magnetic Force Microscopy: Basic Principles and Applications. 2012 doi: 10.5772/34833. INTECH open access book, see: https://www.intechopen.com/books/atomic-force-microscopy-imaging-measuring-and-manipulating-surfaces-at-the-atomic-scale/magnetic-force-microscopy-basic-principles-and-applications. DOI

Ferriani P, von Bergmann K, Vedmedenko EY, Heinze S, Bode M, Heide M, Bihlmayer G, Blügel S, Wiesendanger R. Atomic-Scale Spin Spiral with a Unique Rotational Sense: Mn Monolayer on W(001) Phys Rev Lett. 2008;101:027201. PubMed

Fert A. Magnetic and Transport Properties of Metallic Multilayers. Mater Sci Forum. 1990;59:439.

Fert A, Cros V, Sampaio J. Skyrmions on the track. Nat Nano. 2013;8:152. PubMed

Fert A, Levy PM. Role of Anisotropic Exchange Interactions in Determining the Properties of Spin-Glasses. Phys Rev Lett. 1980;44:1538.

Fidler J, Schrefl T. Micromagnetic modelling - the current state of the art. J Phys D: Appl Phys. 2000;33:R135.

Fiederling R, Keim M, Reuscher G, Ossau W, Schmidt G, Waag A, Molenkamp LW. Injection and detection of a spin-polarized current in a light-emitting diode. Nature. 1999;402:787.

Fina I, et al. Anisotropic magnetoresistance in an antiferromagnetic semiconductor. Nat Commun. 2014;5:4671. PubMed

Fischer P, Schütz G, Schmahl G, Guttmann P, Raasch D. Imaging of magnetic domains with the X-ray microscope at BESSY using X-ray magnetic circular dichroism. Z Phys B. 1997;101:313.

Fischer P. X-ray imaging of magnetic structures. IEEE Trans Magn. 2015;51:1. PubMed

Fischbacher T, Franchin M, Bordignon G, Fangohr H. A systematic approach to multiphysics extensions of finite-element-based micromagnetic simulations: Nmag. IEEE Trans Magn. 43:2896.

Fister TT, Zhou H, Luo Z, Seo SSA, Hruszkewycz SO, Proffit DL, Eastman JA, Fuoss PH, Baldo PM, Lee HN, Fong DD. Octahedral rotations in strained LaAlO3/SrTiO3 (001) heterostructures. APL Mater. 2014;2:021102.

Fitting Kourkoutis L, Muller DA, Hotta Y, Hwang HY. Asymmetric interface profiles in LaVO3/SrTiO3 heterostructures grown by pulsed laser deposition. Appl Phys Lett. 2007;91:163101.

Fitzsimmons MR, et al. Neutron scattering studies of nanomagnetism and artificially structured materials. J Magn Magn Mater. 2004;271:103.

Fitzsimmons MR, et al. Upper limit to magnetism in LaAlO3/SrTiO3 heterostructures. Phys Rev Lett. 2011;107:217201. PubMed

Flovik V, Macià F, Wahlström E. Describing synchronization and topological excitations in arrays of magnetic spin torque oscillators through the Kuramoto model. Sci Rep. 2016;6:32528. PubMed PMC

Flipse J, Bakker FL, Slachter A, Dejene FK, van Wees BJ. Direct observation of the spin-dependent Peltier effect. Nat Nanotechn. 2012;7:166. 2012. PubMed

Flipse J, Dejene FK, Wagenaar D, Bauer GEW, Ben Youssef J, van Wees BJ. Observation of the Spin Peltier Effect for Magnetic Insulators. Phys Rev Lett. 2014;113:027601. PubMed

Fong CY, Pask JE, Yang LH. Half-metallic materials and their properties. Imperial College Press; London: 2013.

Frangou L, Oyarzún S, Auffret S, Vila L, Gambarelli S, Baltz V. Enhanced Spin Pumping Efficiency in Antiferromagnetic IrMn Thin Films around the Magnetic Phase Transition. Phys Rev Lett. 2016;116:077203. PubMed

Franken JH, Herps M, Swagten HJM, Koopmans B. Tunable chiral spin texture in magnetic domain-walls. Sci Rep. 2014;4:5248. PubMed PMC

Frano A, et al. Orbital control of noncollinear magnetic order in nickel oxide heterostructures. Phys Rev Lett. 2013;111:106804. PubMed

Freeland JW, et al. Charge transport and magnetization profile at the interface between the correlated metal CaRuO3 and the antiferromagnetic insulator CaMnO3. Phys Rev B. 2010;81:094414.

Freeman AJ, Wu R. Magnetism in man made materials. J Magn & Magn Mater. 1992;104:1.

Freimuth F, Blügel S, Mokrousov Y. Berry phase theory of Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction and spin-orbit torques. J Phys: Conden Matter. 2014a;26:104202. PubMed

Freimuth F, Bluegel S, Mokrousov Y. Spin-orbit torques in Co/Pt(111) and Mn/W(001) magnetic bilayers from first principles. Phys Rev B. 2014b;90:174423.

Fu L, Kane CL. Topological insulators with inversion symmetry. Phys Rev B. 2007;76:045302.

Fuchs GD, Emley NC, Krivorotov IN, Braganca PM, Ryan EM, Kiselev SI, Sankey JC, Ralph DC, Buhrman RA, Katine JA. Spin-transfer effects in nanoscale magnetic tunnel junctions. Appl Phys Lett. 2004;85:1205.

Fuchs GD, et al. Spin-torque ferromagnetic resonance measurements of damping in nanomagnets. Appl Phys Lett. 2007;91:062507.

Fukami S, Zhang C, Dutta Gupta S, Kurenkov A, Ohno H. Magnetization switching by spin-orbit torque in an antiferromagnet/ferromagnet bilayer system. Nat Mater. 2016a;15:535. PubMed

Fukami S, Anekawa T, Zhang C, Ohno H. A spin–orbit torque switching scheme with collinear magnetic easy axis and current configuration. Nat Nanotech. 2016b;11:621. PubMed

Fukuma Y, Wang L, Idzuchi H, Takahashi S, Maekawa S, Otani Y. Giant enhancement of spin accumulation and long-distance spin precession in metallic lateral spin valves. Nat Mater. 2011;10:527. PubMed

Fulde P. Electron correlations in molecules and solids. Springer-Verlag; New York: 1995.

Gajek M, Nowak JJ, Sun JZ, Trouilloud PL, O'Sullivan EJ, Abraham DW, Gaidis MC, Hu G, Brown S, Zhu Y, Robertazzi RP, Gallagher WJ, Worledge DC. Spin torque switching of 20 nm magnetic tunnel junctions with perpendicular anisotropy. Appl Phys Lett. 2012;100:132408.

Galanakis I, Mavropoulos P. Spin-polarization and electronic properties of half-metallic Heusler alloys calculated from first principles. J Phys: Condens Matter. 2007;19:315213. PubMed

Gallego JM, Lederman D, Kim S, Schuller IK. Oscillatory Behavior of the Transport Properties in Ni/Co Multilayers: A Superlattice Effect. Phys Rev Lett. 1995;74:4515. PubMed

Gambino RJ, Ziegler J, Cuomo JJ. Effects of ion radiation damage on the magnetic domain structure of amorphous Gd-Co alloys. Appl Phys Lett. 1974;24:99.

Gao L, Jiang X, Yang SH, Burton J, Tsymbal E, Parkin S. Bias Voltage Dependence of Tunneling Anisotropic Magnetoresistance in Magnetic Tunnel Junctions with MgO and Al2O3 Tunnel Barriers. Phys Rev Lett. 2007;99:226602. PubMed

Garcia MA, Fernandez Pinel E, de la Venta J, Quesada A, Bouzas V, Fernandez JF, Romero JJ, Martin Gonzalez MS, Costa-Kramer JJ. Sources of experimental errors in the observation of nanoscale magnetism. J Appl Phys. 2009;105:013925.

Garello K, I, Miron M, Avci CO, Freimuth F, Mokrousov Y, Blügel S, Auffret S, Boulle O, Gaudin G, Gambardella P. Symmetry and magnitude of spin-orbit torques in ferromagnetic heterostructures. Nat Nanotech. 2013;8:587. PubMed

Garrison K, Chang Y, Johnson PD. Spin polarization of quantum well states in copper thin films deposited on a Co(001) substrate. Phys Rev Lett. 1993;71:2801. PubMed

Gay JG, Richter R. Spin Anisotropy of Ferromagnetic Films. Phys Rev Lett. 1986;56:2728. PubMed

Gazquez J, Luo W, Oxley MP, Prange M, Torija MA, Sharma M, Leighton C, Pantiledes ST, Pennycook SJ, Varela M. Atomic resolution imaging of spin-state superlattices in nanopockets within cobaltite thin films. Nano Lett. 2011;11:973. PubMed

Gazquez J, Bose S, Sharma M, Torija MA, Pennycook SJ, Leighton C, Varela M. Lattice mismatch accommodation via oxygen vacancy ordering in epitaxial La0.5Sr0.5CoO3-δ films. APL Mater. 2013;1:012105.

Geprägs S, Meyer S, Altmannshofer S, Opel M, Wilhelm F, Rogalev A, Gross R, Goennenwein STB. Investigation of induced Pt magnetic polarization in Pt/Y3Fe5O12 bilayers. Appl Phys Lett. 2012;101:262407.

Gilbert DA, Maranville BB, Balk AL, Kirby BJ, Fischer P, Pierze DT, Unguris J, Borchers JA, Liu K. Realization of Ground State Artificial Skyrmion Lattices at Room Temperature. Nat Commun. 2015;6:8462. PubMed PMC

Gilbert TL. A phenomenological theory of damping in ferromagnetic materials. IEEE Trans Mag. 2004;40:3443.

Giraud R, Gryglas M, Thevenard L, Lemaître A, Faini G. Voltage-controlled tunneling anisotropic magnetoresistance of a ferromagnetic p++-(Ga,Mn)As/n+-GaAs Zener-Esaki diode. Appl Phys Lett. 2005;87:242505.

Gomonay HV, V, Loktev M. Spin transfer and current-induced switching in antiferromagnets. Phys Rev B. 2010;81:144427.

Gonçalves AM, Barsukov I, Chen YJ, Yang L, Katine JA, Krivorotov IN. Spin torque ferromagnetic resonance with magnetic field modulation. Appl Phys Lett. 2013;103:172406.

Gorbenko OY, Samoilenkov SV, Graboy IE, Kaul AR. Epitaxial stabilization of oxides in thin films. Chem Mater. 2002;14:4026.

Goodenough JB. Theory of the Role of Covalence in Peroskite-Type Manganites [La,M(II)]MnO3. Phys Rev. 1955;100:564.

Gould C, Rüster C, Jungwirth T, Girgis E, Schott G, Giraud R, Brunner K, Schmidt G, Molenkamp L. Tunneling Anisotropic Magnetoresistance: A Spin-Valve-Like Tunnel Magnetoresistance Using a Single Magnetic Layer. Phys Rev Lett. 2004;93:11. 117203. PubMed

Graves CE, et al. Nanoscale spin reversal by non-local angular momentum transfer following ultrafast laser excitation in ferrimagnetic GdFeCo. Nat Mater. 2013;12:293. PubMed

Grigorenko AN, Nikitin PI, Slavin AN, Zhou PY. Experimental Observation of Magnetostochastic Resonance. J Appl Phys. 1994;76:6335.

Grimsditch M, Khan MR, Kueny A, Schuller IK. Collective Behavior of Magnons in Superlattices. Phys Rev Lett. 1983;51:498.

Grollier J, Cros V, Fert A. Synchronization of spin-transfer oscillators driven by stimulated microwave currents. Phys Rev B. 2006;73:060409(R).

Grollier J, Cros V, Hamzic A, George JM, Jaffres H, Fert A, Faini G, Ben Youssef J, Legall H. Spin-polarized current induced switching in Co/Cu/Co pillars. Appl Phys Lett. 2001;78:3663.

Grollier J, Querlioz D, Stiles M. Spintronic Nanodevices for Bioinspired Computing. IEEE Proc. 2016;104:2024. doi: 10.1109/JPROC.2016.2597152. PubMed DOI PMC

Grutter AJ, et al. Interfacial Ferromagnetism in LaNiO3/CaMnO3 Superlattices. Phys Rev Lett. 2013;111:087202. PubMed

Gunnarsson O, Lundqvist BI. Exchange and correlation in atoms, molecules, and solids by the spin-density-functional formalism. Phys Rev B. 1976;13:4274.

Guo GY, Murakami S, Chen TW, Nagaosa N. Intrinsic spin Hall effect in platinum: First-principles calculations. Phys Rev Lett. 2008;100:096401. PubMed

Gurevich AG, Melkov GA. Magnetization Oscillations and Waves. CRC; New York: 1996.

Haazen PPJ, Murae E, Franken JH, Lavrijsen R, Swagten HJM, Koopmans B. Domain wall depinning governed by the spin Hall effect. Nat Mater. 2013;12:299. PubMed

Hahn C, de Loubens G, Naletov VV, Ben Youssef J, Klein O, Viret M. Conduction of spin currents through insulating antiferromagnetic oxides. Europhys Lett. 2014;108:57005.

Hall EE. On the rotational coefficient in nickel and cobalt. Philos Mag. 1881;12:157.

Halperin BI, Hohenberg PC. Hydrodynamic theory of spin waves. Phys Rev. 1969;188:898.

Hals KMD, Tserkovnyak Y, Brataas A. Phenomenology of Current-Induced Dynamics in Antiferromagnets. Phys Rev Lett. 2011;106:107206. PubMed

Han W, Kawakami RK, Gmitra M, Fabian J. Graphene Spintronics. Nature Nanotech. 2014;9:794. PubMed

Haney PM, MacDonald AH. Current-Induced Torques Due to Compensated Antiferromagnets. Phys Rev Lett. 2008;100:196801. PubMed

Haney PM, Lee HW, Lee KJ, Manchon A, Stiles MD. Current induced torques and interfacial spin-orbit coupling: Semiclassical modeling. Phys Rev B. 2013a;87:174411.

Haney PM, Lee HW, Lee KJ, Manchon A, Stiles MD. Current-induced torques and interfacial spin-orbit coupling. Phys Rev B. 2013b;88:214417.

Harrison WA. Electronic Structure and the Properties of Solids: The Physics of the Chemical Bond. Dover; New York: 1989.

Hasan MZ, Kane CL. Topological Insulators. Rev Mod Phys. 2010;82:3045.

Hasan MZ, Moore JE. Three-Dimensional Topological Insulators. Ann Rev Cond Matt Phys. 2011;2:55.

Hashimoto Y, et al. Ultrafast time-resolved magneto-optical imaging of all-optical switching in GdFeCo with femtosecond time-resolution and a mm spatial-resolution. Rev Sci Instrum. 2014;85:063702. PubMed

Hassdenteufel A, Hebler B, Schubert C, Liebig A, Teich M, Helm M, Aeschlimann M, Albrecht M, Bratschitsch R. Thermally assisted all-optical helicity dependent magnetic switching in amorphous Fe100-xTbx alloy films. Adv Mater. 2013;25:3122. PubMed

Hassdenteufel A, Schubert C, Schmidt J, Richter P, Zahn DRT, Salvan G, Helm M, Bratschitsch R, Albrecht M. Dependence of all-optical magnetic switching on the sublattice magnetization orientation in Tb-Fe thin films. Appl Phys Lett. 2014a;105:112403.

Hassdenteufel A, Schubert C, Hebler B, Schultheiss H, Fassbender J, Albrecht M, Bratschitsch R. All-optical helicity dependent magnetic switching in Tb-Fe thin films with a MHz laser oscillator. Opt Express. 2014b;22:10017. PubMed

Hayashi M, Thomas L, Rettner C, Moriya R, Bazaliy YB, Parkin SSP. Current Driven Domain Wall Velocities Exceeding the Spin Angular Momentum Transfer Rate in Permalloy Nanowires. Phys Rev Lett. 2007;98:037204. PubMed

Hayashi M, Thomas L, Rettner C, Moriya R, Parkin SSP. Real time observation of the field driven periodic transformation of domain walls in Permalloy nanowires at the Larmor frequency and its first harmonic. Appl Phys Lett. 2008;92:112510.

He J, Borisevich A, Kalinin SV, Pennycook SJ, Pantelides ST. Control of octahedral tilts and magnetic properties of perovskite oxide heterostructures by substrate symmetry. Phys Rev Lett. 2010a;105:227203. PubMed

He W, Zhu T, Zhang XQ, Yang HT, Cheng ZH. Ultrafast demagnetization enhancement in CoFeB/MgO/CoFeB magnetic tunneling junction driven by spin tunneling current. Sci Rep. 2013;3:2883. PubMed PMC

He X, Wang Y, Wu N, Caruso AN, Vescovo E, Belaschenko KD, Dowben PA, Binek Ch. Robust isothermal electric control of exchange bias at room temperature. Nat Mater. 2010b;9:579. PubMed

He C, et al. Interfacial Ferromagnetism and Exchange Bias in CaRuO3/CaMnO3 Superlattices. Phys Rev Lett. 2012;109:197202. PubMed

Heide M, Bihlmayer G, Blügel S. Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction accounting for the orientation of magnetic domains in ultrathin films: Fe/W(110) Phys Rev B. 2008;78:140403.

Heide M, Bihlmayer G, Blügel S. Describing Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya spirals from first principles. Phys B: Condens Matter. 2009;404:2678.

Heinonen O, Jiang W, Somaily H, te Velthuis SGE, Hoffmann A. Generation of magnetic skyrmion bubbles by inhomogeneous spin-Hall currents. Phys Rev B. 2016;93:094407.

Heinze S, von Bergmann K, Menzel M, Brede J, Kubetzka A, Wiesendanger R, Bihlmayer G, Blügel S. Spontaneous atomic-scale magnetic skyrmion lattice in two dimensions. Nat Phys. 2011;7:713.

Hellman F, Gyorgy EM. Growth-Induced Magnetic Anisotropy in Amorphous Tb-Fe. Phys Rev Lett. 1992;68:1391. PubMed

Heremans JP, Boona SR. Viewpoint: Putting a New Spin on Heat Flow. Physics. 2014;7:71.

Herman F, Skillman S. Atomic Structure Calculations. Prentice-Hall; New Jersey: 1963.

Hermsmeier B, Osterwalder J, Friedman DL, Fadley CS. Evidence for a High-Temperature Short-Range-Magnetic-Order Transition in MnO(001) Phys Rev Lett. 1989;62:478. PubMed

Hermsmeier B, Osterwalder J, Friedman DJ, Sinkovic B, Tran T, Fadley CS. Spin-polarized photoelectron diffraction and valence-band photoemission from MnO(001) Phys Rev B. 1990;42:11895. PubMed

Hertel R, Schneider CM. Exchange Explosions: Magnetization Dynamics during Vortex- Antivortex Annihilation. Phys Rev Lett. 2006;97:177202. PubMed

Hicken RJ, Barman A, Kruglyak VV, Ladak S. Optical ferromagnetic resonance studies of thin film magnetic structures. J Phys D: Appl Phys. 2003;36:2183.

Himpsel FJ, Ortega JE, Mankey GJ, Willis RF. Magnetic nanostructures. Adv Phys. 1998;47:511.

Hirsch JE. Spin Hall effect. Phys Rev Lett. 1999;83:1834. 1999.

Hoefer MA, Silva TJ, Keller MW. Theory for a dissipative droplet soliton excited by a spin torque nanocontact. Phys Rev B. 2010;82:054432.

Hoffman J, I, Tung C, Nelson-Cheeseman BB, Liu M, Freeland JW, Bhattacharya A. Charge transfer and interfacial magnetism in (LaNiO3)n/(LaMnO3)2 superlattices. Phys Rev B. 2013;88:144411.

Hoffmann A. Spin Hall Effect in Metals. IEEE Trans Magn. 2013;49:5172.

Hoffmann A, Bader SD. Opportunities at the Frontiers of Spintronics. Phys Rev Appl. 2015;4:047001.

Hong S, Diep V, Datta S, Chen YP. Modeling potentiometric measurements in topological insulators including parallel channels. Phys Rev B. 2012;86:085131.

Hopster H, Oepen HP. Magnetic microscopy of nanostructures. Springer; Berlin: 2005.

Hsieh D, et al. A tunable topological insulator in the spin helical Dirac transport regime. Nature. 2009;460:1101. PubMed

Hu S, Itoh H, Kimura T. Efficient thermal spin injection using CoFeAl nanowire. NPG Asia Mater. 2014;6:e 127.

Huai Y, Albert F, Nguyen P, Pakala M, Valet T. Observation of spin-transfer switching in deep submicron-sized and low-resistance magnetic tunnel junctions. Appl Phys Lett. 2004;84:3118.

Huang F, Kief MT, Mankey GJ, Willis RF. Magnetism in the few-monolayers limit: A surface magneto-optic Kerr-effect study of the magnetic behavior of ultrathin films of Co, Ni, and Co-Ni alloys on Cu(100) and Cu(111) Phys Rev B. 1994;49:3962. PubMed

Huang SX, Chien CL. Extended Skyrmion Phase in Epitaxial FeGe(111) Thin Films. Phys Rev Lett. 2012;108:267201. PubMed

Huang SY, Fan X, Qu D, Chen YP, Wang WG, Wu J, Chen TY, Xiao JQ, Chien CL. Transport Magnetic Proximity Effects in Platinum. Phys Rev Lett. 2012;109:107204. PubMed

Huang SY, Wang WG, Lee SF, Kwo J, Chien CL. Intrinsic Spin-Dependent Thermal Transport. Phys Rev Lett. 2011;107:216604. PubMed

Hubbard J. Electron Correlations in Narrow Energy Bands. Proc Roy Soc A. 1963;276:238–257.

Huber DL. Dynamics of spin vortices in two-dimensional planar magnets. Phys Rev B. 1982;26:3758.

Hubert A, Schäfer R. Magnetic Domains. Springer; Berlin: 1998.

Hwang HY, Iwasa Y, Kawasaki M, Keimer B, Nagaosa N, Tokura Y. Emergent phenomena at oxide interfaces. Nat Mater. 2012;11:103. PubMed

Ijiri Y, Schulthess TC, Borchers JA, van der Zaag PJ, Erwin RW. Link between Perpendicular Coupling and Exchange Biasing in Fe3O4/CoO Multilayers. Phys Rev Lett. 2007;99:147201. PubMed

Im MY, Bocklage L, Fischer P, Meier G. Direct Observation of Stochastic Domain-Wall Depinning in Magnetic Nanowires. Phys Rev Lett. 2009;102:147204. PubMed

Im MY, Fischer P, Yamada K, Sato T, Kasai S, Nakatani Y, Ono T. Symmetry breaking in the formation of magnetic vortex states in a permalloy nanodisk. Nat Commun. 2012;3:983. PubMed

Imamura H, Bruno P, Utsumi Y. Twisted exchange interaction betwwen localized spins embedded in a one- or two-dimensional electron gas with Rashba spin-orbit coupling. Phys Rev B. 2004;69:121303(R).

Ishikawa Y, Tajima K, Bloch D, Roth M. Helical spin structure in manganese silicide MnSi. Sol Sta Commun. 1976;19:525.

Ivanov BA, Kosevich AM. Bound states of a large number of magnons in a three-dimensional ferromagnet (magnon droplets) JETP Lett. 1976;24:454.

Ivanov BA, Kosevich AM. Bound states of a large number of magnons in a ferromagnet with a single-ion anisotropy. Sov Phys JETP. 1977;45:1050.

Ivanov BA, Stephanovich VA. Two-dimensional soliton dynamics in ferromagnets. Phys Lett A. 1989;141:89.

Iwasaki J, Mochizuki M, Nagaosa N. Current-induced skyrmion dynamics in constricted geometries. Nat Nanotech. 2013a;8:742. PubMed

Iwasaki J, Mochizuki M, Nagaosa N. Universal current-velocity relation of skyrmion motion in chiral magnets. Nat Commun. 2013b;4:1463. PubMed

Jäger JV, et al. Picosecond inverse magnetostriction in galfenol thin films. Appl Phys Lett. 2013;103:032409.

Jamali M, Lee JS, Jeong JS, Mahfouzi F, Lv Y, Zhao Z, Nikolić BK, Mkhoyan KA, Samarth N, Wang JP. Giant Spin Pumping and Inverse Spin Hall Effect in the Presence of Surface and Bulk Spin-Orbit Coupling of Topological Insulator Bi2Se3. Nano Lett. 2015;15:7126. PubMed

Jamali M, Narayanapillai K, Qiu X, Loong LM, Manchon A, Yang H. Spin-Orbit Torques in Co/Pd Multilayer Nanowires. Phys Rev Lett. 2013;111:246602. PubMed

Jan G, Wang YJ, Moriyama T, Lee YJ, Lin M, Zhong T, Tong RY, Torng T, Wang PK. High Spin Torque Efficiency of Magnetic Tunnel Junctions with MgO/CoFeB/MgO Free Layer. Appl Phys Express. 2012;5:093008.

Jaworski CM, Yang J, Mack S, Awschalom DD, Heremans JP, Myers RC. Observation of the spin-Seebeck effect in a ferromagnetic semiconductor. Nat Mater. 2010;9:898. PubMed

Jaworski CM, Yang J, Mack S, Awschalom DD, Myers RC, Heremans JP. Spin-Seebeck Effect: A Phonon Drive Spin Distribution. Phys Rev Lett. 2011;106:186601. PubMed

Jedema FJ, Filip AT, van Wees BJ. Electrical spin injection and accumulation at room temperature in an all-metal mesoscopic spin valve. Nature. 2001;410:345. PubMed

Jedema FJ, Heersche HB, Filip AT, Baselmans JJA, van Wees BJ. Electrical detection of spin precession in a metallic mesoscopic spin valve. Nature. 2002;416:713. PubMed

Jensen J, MacKintosh AR. Rare Earth Magnetism. Clarendon Press; Oxford: 1991.

Jeong J, Aetukuri N, Graf T, Schladt TD, Samant MG, Parkin SSP. Suppression of metal-insulator transition in VO2 by electric field-induced oxygen vacancy formation. Science. 2013;339:1402. PubMed

Ji Y, Hoffmann A, Jiang JS, Pearson JE, Bader SD. Non-local spin injection in lateral spin valves. J Phys D Appl Phys. 2007;40:1280.

Ji Y, Strijkers GJ, Yang FY, Chien CL, Byers JM, Anguelouch A, Gang Xiao, Gupta A. Determination of the Spin Polarization of Half-Metallic CrO2 by Point Contact Andreev Reflection. Phys Rev Lett. 2001;86:5585. PubMed

Jiang W, et al. Blowing Magnetic Skyrmion Bubbles. Science. 2015;349:283. PubMed

Jiang W, Zhang X, Yu G, Zhang W, Jungfleisch MB, Pearson JE, Heinonen O, Wang KL, Zhou Y, Hoffmann A, te Velthuis SGE. Direct Observation of the Skyrmion Hall Effect. Nat Phys. 2016 doi: 10.1038/nphys3883. DOI

Jin H, Yang Z, Myers RC, Hereman JP. Spin Seebeck like signal in ferromagnetic bulk metallic glass without platinum contacts. Solid State Commun. 2014;198:40.

Johnson MT, Bloemen PJH, den Broeder FJA, de Vries JJ. Magnetic anisotropy in metallic multilayers. Rep Prog Phys. 1996;59:1409.

Johnson M, Silsbee RH. Interfacial charge-spin coupling: Injection and detection of spin magnetization in metals. Phys Rev Lett. 1985;55:1790. PubMed

Jones RO, Gunnarsson O. The density functional formalism, its applications and prospects. Rev Mod Phys. 1989;61:689.

Jonietz F, et al. Spin Transfer Torques in MnSi at Ultralow Current Densities. Science. 2010;330:1648. PubMed

Ju G, Nurmikko AV, Farrow RFC, Marks RF, Carey MJ, Gurney BA. Ultrafast optical modulation of an exchange biased ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic bilayer. Phys Rev B. 1998;58:R11857(R).

Ju G, Nurmikko AV, Farrow RFC, Marks RF, Carey MJ, Gurney BA. Ultrafast Time Resolved Photoinduced Magnetization Rotation in a Ferromagnetic/Antiferromagnetic Exchange Coupled System. Phys Rev Lett. 1999;82:3705.

Ju G, Chen L, Nurmikko AV, Farrow RFC, Marks RF, Carey MJ, Gurney BA. Coherent magnetization rotation induced by optical modulation in ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic exchange-coupled bilayers. Phys Rev B. 2000;62:1171.

Ju GP, Hohlfeld J, Bergman B, van de Veerdonk RJM, Mryasov ON, Kim JY, Wu XW, Weller D, Koopmans B. Ultrafast generation of ferromagnetic order via a laser-induced phase transformation in FeRh thin films. Phys Rev Lett. 2004;93:197403. PubMed

Jué E, Thiaville A, Pizzini S, Miltat J, Sampaio J, Buda-Prejbeanu LD, Rohart S, Vogel J, Bonfim M, Boulle O, Auffret S, Miron IM, Gaudin G. Domain wall dynamics in ultrathin Pt/Co/AlOx microstrips under large combined magnetic fields. Phys Rev B. 2016b;93:014403.

Julliere M. Tunneling between ferromagnetic films. Phys Lett A. 1975;54:225.

Jungfleisch MB, Zhang W, Sklenar J, Jiang W, Pearson JE, Ketterson JB, Hoffmann A. Interface-driven spin-torque ferromagnetic resonance by Rashba coupling at the interface between non-magnetic materials. Phys Rev B. 2016a;93:224419.

Jungfleisch MB, et al. Large spin-wave bullet in a ferromagnetic insulator driven by spin Hall effect. Phys Rev Lett. 2016b;116:057601. PubMed

Jungwirth T, Niu Q, MacDonald AH. Anomalous Hall effect in ferromagnetic semiconductors. Phys Rev Lett. 2002;88:207208. PubMed

Jungwirth, Marti TX, Wadley P, Wunderlich J. Antiferromagnetic spintronics. Nature Nanotech. 2016;11:231. PubMed

Kaka S, Pufall MR, Rippard WH, Silva TJ, Russek SE, Katine JA. Mutual phase-locking of microwave spin torque nano-oscillators. Nature. 2005;437:389. PubMed

Kalinikos BA, Kovshikov NG, Slavin AN. Observation of spin-wave solitons in ferromagnetic films. Sov Phys-JETP Lett. 1983;38:413.

Kalinikos BA, Slavin AN. Theory of Dipole-Exchange Spin Wave Spectrum for Ferromagnetic Films with Exchange Boundary Conditions. J Phys C: Sol State Phys. 1986;19:7013.

Kaltenborn S, Zhu YH, Schneider HC. Wave-diffusion theory of spin transport in metals after ultrashort-pulse excitation. Phys Rev B. 2012;85:235101.

Kampfrath T, et al. Terahertz spin current pulses controlled by magnetic heterostructures. Nat Nanotech. 2013;8:256. PubMed

Kanamori J. Superexchange interaction and symmetry properties of electron orbitals. J Phys Chem Sol. 1959;10:87.

Kandala A, Richardella A, Kempinger S, Liu CX, Samarth N. Giant anisotropic magnetoresistance in a quantum anomalous Hall insulator. Nat Commun. 2015;6:7434. PubMed PMC

Kandala A, Richardella A, Rench DW, Zhang DM, Flanagan TC, Samarth N. Growth and characterization of hybrid insulating ferromagnet-topological insulator heterostructure devices. Appl Phys Lett. 2013;103:202409.

Kang W, Huang Y, Zhang X, Zhou Y, Zhao W. Skyrmion-Electronics: An Overview and Outlook. Proc IEEE. 2016;104:2040.

Karplus R, Luttinger JM. Hall effect in ferromagnetics. Phys Rev. 1954;95:1154.

Kasuya T. A Theory of Metallic Ferro- and Antiferromagnetism on Zener's Model. Prog Theor Phys. 1956;16:45.

Katine JA, Albert FJ, Buhrman RA, Myers EB, Ralph DC. Current-driven magnetization reversal and spin-wave excitations in Co/Cu/Co pillars. Phys Rev Lett. 2000;84:3149. PubMed

Katmis F, Lauter V, Nogueira FS, Assaf AA, Jamer ME, Wei P, Satpati B, Freeland JW, Eremin I, Heiman D, Jarillo-Herrero P, Moodera JS. A high-temperature ferromagnetic topological insulating phase by proximity coupling. Nature. 2016;533:513. PubMed

Kato YK, Myers RC, Gossard AC, Awschalom DD. Observation of the Spin Hall Effect in Semiconductors. Science. 2004;306:1910. PubMed

Katsnelson MI, Yu V, Irkhin, Chioncel L, Lichtenstein AI, de Groot RA. Half-metallic ferromagnets: From band structure to many-body effects. Rev Mod Phys. 2008;80:315.

Kazantseva N, Hinzke D, Nowak U, Chantrell RW, Atxitia U, Chubykalo-Fesenko O. Towards multiscale modeling of magnetic materials: Simulations of FePt. Phys Rev B. 2008;77:184428.

Kehlberger A, et al. Length Scale of the Spin Seebeck Effect. Phys Rev Lett. 2015;115:096602. PubMed

Keller MW, Kos AB, Silva TJ, Rippard WH, Pufall MR. Time domain measurement of phase noise in a spin torque oscillator. Appl Phys Lett. 2009;94:193105.

Kent AD, Ozyilmaz B, del Barco E. Spin-transfer-induced precessional magnetization reversal. Appl Phys Lett. 2004;84:3897.

Khajetoorians AA, Steinbrecher M, Ternes M, Bouhassoune M, dos Santos Dias M, Lounis S, Wiebe J, Wiesendanger R. Tailoring the chiral magnetic interaction between two individual atoms. Nat Commun. 2016;7:10620. PubMed PMC

Khalsa G, Stiles MD, Grollier J. Critical current and linewidth reduction in spin-torque nano-oscillators by delayed self-injection. Appl Phys Lett. 2015;106:242402.

Khomskii DI. Transition metal compounds. Cambridge, Cambridge: 2014.

Khorsand AR, Savoini M, Kirilyuk A, Kimel AV, Tsukamoto A, Itoh A, Rasing T. Role of Magnetic Circular Dichroism in All-Optical Magnetic Recording. Phys Rev Lett. 2012;108:127205. PubMed

Khorsand AR, Savoini M, Kirilyuk A, Rasing T. Optical excitation of thin magnetic layers in multilayer structures. Nat Mater. 2014;13:101. PubMed

Khvalkovskiy AV, et al. Basic principles of STT-MRAM cell operation in memory arrays. J Phys D: Appl Phys. 2013b;46:074001.

Khvalkovskiy AV, Cros V, Apalkov D, Nikitin V, Krounbi M, Zvezdin KA, Anane A, Grollier J, Fert A. Matching domain-wall configuration and spin-orbit torques for efficient domain-wall motion. Phys Rev B. 2013a;87:020402.

Kikkawa T, Uchida K, Daimon S, Shiomi Y, Adachi H, Qiu Z, Hou D, Jin XF, Maekawa S, Saitoh E. Separation of longitudinal spin Seebeck effect from anomalous Nernst effect: Determination of origin of transverse thermoelectric voltage in metal/insulator junctions. Phys Rev B. 2013;88:214403.

Kim J, Sinha J, Hayashi M, Yamanouchi M, Fukami S, Suzuki T, Mitani S, Ohno H. Layer thickness dependence of the current-induced effective field vector in Ta|CoFeB|MgO. Nat Mater. 2013;12:240. PubMed

Kim KW, Seo SM, Ryu J, Lee KJ, Lee HW. Magnetization dynamics induced by in-plane currents in ultrathin magnetic nanostructures with Rashba spin-orbit coupling. Phys Rev B. 2012;85:180404.

Kim S, Lederman D, Gallego JM, Schuller IK. Electron localization in Co/Ni superlattices. Phys Rev B. 1996;54:R5291. PubMed

Kimel AV, Kirilyuk A, Tsvetkov A, Pisarev RV, Rasing T. Laser-induced ultrafast spin reorientation in the antiferromagnet TmFeO3. Nature. 2004;429:850. PubMed

Kimling J, Kimling J, Wilson RB, Hebler B, Albrecht M, Cahill DG. Ultrafast demagnetization of FePtCu thin films and the role of magnetic heat capacity. Phys Rev B. 2014;90:224408.

Kirilyuk A, Kimel AV, Rasing T. Ultrafast optical manipulation of magnetic order. Rev Mod Phys. 2010;82:2731.

Kirilyuk A, Kimel AV, Rasing T. Laser-induced magnetization dynamics and reversal in ferrimagnetic alloys. Rep Prog Phys. 2013;76:026501. PubMed

Kiselev NS, Bogdanov AN, Schäfer R, Rößler UK. Chiral skyrmions in thin magnetic films: new objects for magnetic storage technologies? J Phys D. 2011;44:392001.

Kiselev SI, Sankey JC, Krivorotov IN, Emley NC, Schoelkopf RJ, Buhrman RA, Ralph DC. Microwave oscillations of a nanomagnet driven by a spin-polarized current. Nature. 2003;425:380. PubMed

Kittel C. On the Gyromagnetic Ratio and Spectroscopic Splitting Factor of Ferromagnetic Substances. Phys Rev. 1949;76:743.

Kléman M. Defect densities in directional media, mainly liquid crystals. Phil Mag. 1973;27:1057.

Klewe C, Kuschel T, Schmalhorst JM, Bertram F, Kuschel O, Wollschläger J, Strempfer J, Meinert M, Reiss G. Static magnetic proximity effect in Pt/Ni1-xFex bilayers investigated by x-ray resonant magnetic reflectivity. Phys Rev B. 2016;93:214440. PubMed

Knorren R, Bennemann KH, Burgermeister R, Aeschlimann M. Dynamics of excited electrons in copper and ferromagnetic transition metals: Theory and experiment. Phys Rev B. 2000;61:9427.

Kobayashi Y, Sato H, Aoki Y, Kamijo A. The giant magnetoresistance and the anomalous Hall effect in molecular-beam-epitaxy grown Co/Cu superlattices. J Phys: Condens Matter. 1994;6:7255.

Koch CT, Lubk A. Off-axis and inline electron holography: A quantitative comparison. Ultramicroscopy. 2010;110:460.

Kohn W, Sham LJ. Self-Consistent Equations Including Exchange and Correlation Effects. Phys Rev A. 1965;140:A1133.

König J, Bønsager MC, MacDonald AH. Dissipationless spin transport in thin film ferromagnets. Phys Rev Lett. 2001;87:187202.

Konishi Y, Fang Z, Izumi M, Manako T, Kasai M, Kuwahara H, Kawasaki M, Terakua K, Tokura Y. Orbital-state-mediated phase-control of manganites. J Phys Soc Jpn. 1999;68:3790.

Koopmans B, van Kampen M, Kohlhepp JT, de Jonge WJM. Ultrafast magneto-optics in nickel: magnetism or optics? Phys Rev Lett. 2000;85:844. PubMed

Koopmans B, Ruigrok JJM, Dalla Longa F, de Jonge WJM. Unifying ultrafast magnetization dynamics. Phys Rev Lett. 2005;95:267207. PubMed

Koopmans B, Malinowski G, Dalla Longa F, Steiauf D, Faehnle M, Roth T, Cinchetti M, Aeschlimann M. Explaining the paradoxical diversity of ultrafast laser-induced demagnetization. Nat Mater. 2010;9:259. PubMed

Kortright JB, Awschalom DD, Stöhr J, Bader SD, Idzerda YU, Parkin SSP, Schuller IK, Siegmann HC. Research frontiers in magnetic materials at soft X-ray synchrotron radiation facilities. J Magn Magn Mater. 1999;207:7.

Kosevich A, Ivanov B, Kovalev A. Magnetic solitons. Phys Rep. 1990;194:117.

Kou X, et al. Erratum: Scale-Invariant Quantum Anomalous Hall Effect in Magnetic Topological Insulators beyond the Two-Dimensional Limit [Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 137201 (2014)] Phys Rev Lett. 2014;113:199901. PubMed

Kou X, et al. Interplay between Different Magnetisms in Cr-Doped Topological Insulators. ACS Nano. 2013;7:9205. PubMed

Koyama T, et al. Observation of the intrinsic pinning of a magnetic domain wall in a ferromagnetic nanowire. Nat Mater. 2011;10:194. PubMed

Krishtopenko SS, V, Gavrilenko I, Goiran M. Theory of g-factor enhancement in narrow-gap quantum well heterostructures. J Phys: Condens Matter. 2011;23:385601. PubMed

Krivoruchko VN. Magnetization dynamics of a two-sublattice ferrimagnet near the angular momentum compensation point. Low Temp Phys. 2014;40:42.

Kubota H, et al. Quantitative measurement of voltage dependence of spin-transfer torque in MgO-based magnetic tunnel junctions. Nat Phys. 2008;4:37.

Kuch W, Schäfer R, Fischer P, Hillebrecht FU. Magnetic microscopy of layered structures. Springer; 2015.

Kuiper KC, Roth T, Schellekens AJ, Schmitt O, Koopmans B, Cinchetti M, Aeschlimann M. Spin-orbit enhanced demagnetization rate in Co/Pt-multilayers. Appl Phys Lett. 2014;105:202402.

Kukreja R, Bonetti S, Chen Z, Backes D, Acremann Y, Katine JA, Kent AD, Dürr HA, Ohldag H, Stöhr J. X-Ray Detection of Transient Magnetic Moments Induced by a Spin Current in Cu. Phys Rev Lett. 2015;115:096601. PubMed

Kurebayashi H, et al. An antidamping spin-orbit torque originating from the Berry curvature. Nat Nanotechn. 2014;9:211. PubMed

Kuschel T, Klewe C, Schmalhosrt JM, Bertram F, Kuschel O, Schemme T, Wollschläger J, Francoul=al S, Strempfer J, Gupta A, Meinert M, Götz G, Meier D, Reiss G. Static Magnetic Proximity Effect in Pt/NiFe2O4 and Pt/Fe Bilayers Investigated by X-Ray Resonant Magnetic Reflectivity. Phys Rev Lett. 2015;115:097401. PubMed

Lachman EO, Young AF, Richardella A, Cuppens J, Naren HR, Anahory Y, Meltzer AY, Kandala A, Kempinger S, Myasoedov Y, Huber ME, Samarth N, Zeldov E. Visualization of superparamagnetic dynamics in magnetic topological insulators. Science Adv. 2015;1:e1500740. PubMed PMC

Zhao YW, Klein JO, Chappert C. ISACS, 2012. IEEE; New York: 2012. MRAM Crossbar based Configurable Logic Block.

Lambert CH, et al. All-optical control of ferromagnetic thin films and nanostructures. Science. 2014;345:1337. PubMed

Landau LD, Lifshitz EM. Theory of the dispersion of magnetic permeability in ferromagnetic bodies. Phys Z Sowietunion. 1935;8:153.

Landolt G, et al. Spin Texture of Bi2Se3 Thin Films in the Quantum Tunneling Limit. Phys Rev Lett. 2014;112:057601. PubMed

Lang M, et al. Proximity Induced High-Temperature Magnetic Order in Topological Insulator- Ferrimagnetic Insulator Heterostructure. Nano Lett. 2014;14:6. 3459. PubMed

Langner MC, et al. Coupled Skyrmion Sublattices in Cu2OSeO3. Phys Rev Lett. 2014;112:167202. PubMed

Lau YC, Betto D, Roade K, Coey JMD, Stamenov P. Spin-orbit torque switching without an external field using interlayer exchange coupling. Nat Nanotech. 2016;11:758. PubMed

Le Guyader L, Kleibert A, Nolting F, Joly L, Derlet P, Pisarev R, Kirilyuk A, Rasing T, Kimel A. Dynamics of laser-induced spin reorientation in Co/SmFeO3 heterostructure. Phys Rev B. 2013;87:054437.

Lee HJ, Helgren E, Hellman F. Gate-controlled magnetic properties of the magnetic semiconductor (Zn,Co)O. Appl Phys Lett. 2009;94:212106. PubMed PMC

Lee HJ, Bordel C, Karel J, Cooke DW, Charilaou M, Hellman F. Electron-mediated Ferromagnetic Behavior in CoO/ZnO Multilayers. Phys Rev Lett. 2013a;110:087206. PubMed

Lee JCT, Chess JJ, Montoya SA, Shi X, Tamura N, Mishra SK, Fischer P, McMorran BJ, Sinha SK, Fullerton EE, Kevan SD, Roy S. Synthesizing skyrmion bound pairs in Fe- Gd thin films. Appl Phys Lett. 2016;109:022402. 2016.

Lee JS, Richardella A, Reifsnyder Hickey D, Mkhoyan KA, Samarth N. Mapping the chemical potential dependence of current-induced spin polarization in a topological insulator. Phys Rev B. 2015;92:155312.

Lee JS, Xie YW, Sato HK, Bell C, Hikita Y, Hwang HY, Kao CC. Titanium dxy ferromagnetism at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface. Nat Mater. 2013b;12:703. PubMed

Lee KI, Joo SJ, Lee JH, Rhie K, Kim TS, Lee WY, Shin KH, Lee BC, LeClair P, Lee JS, Park JH. Kondo effect in magnetic tunnel junctions. Phys Rev Lett. 2007;98:107202. PubMed

Lee KS, Lee SW, Min BC, Lee KJ. Threshold current for switching of a perpendicular magnetic layer induced by spin Hall effect. Appl Phys Lett. 2013c;102:112410.

Lee M, Williams JR, Zhang S, Frisbie CD, Goldhaber-Gordon D. Electrolyte gate-controlled Kondo effect in SrTiO3. Phys Rev Lett. 2011;107:256601. PubMed

Lee OJ, Liu LQ, Pai CF, Li Y, Tseng HW, Gowtham PG, Park JP, Ralph DC, Buhrman RA. Central role of domain wall depinning for perpendicular magnetization switching driven by spin torque from the spin Hall effect. Phys Rev B. 2014;89:024418.

Lee OJ, Pribiag VS, Braganca PM, Gowtham PG, Ralph DC, Buhrman RA. Ultrafast switching of a nanomagnet by a combined out-of-plane and in-plane polarized spin current pulse. Appl Phys Lett. 2009;95:012506.

Le Guyader L, Savoini M, El Moussaoui S, Buzzi M, Tsukamoto A, Itoh A, Kirilyuk A, Rasing T, Kimel AV, Nolting F. Nanoscale sub-100 picosecond all-optical magnetization switching in GdFeCo microstructures. Nat Commun. 2015;6:5839. PubMed

Le Guyader L, Savoini M, El Moussaoui S, Buzzi M, Tsukamoto A, Itoh A, Kirilyuk A, Rasing T, Kimel AV, Nolting F. Nanoscale sub-100 picosecond all-optical magnetization switching in GdFeCo microstructures. Nat Commun. 2015;6:5839. PubMed

Leonov AO, Togawa Y, Monchesky TL, Bogdanov AN, Kishine J, Kousaka Y, Miyagawa M, Koyama T, Akimitsu J, Koyama Ts, Harada K, Mori S, Mc Grouther D, Lamb R, Krajnak M, Mc Vitie S, Stamps RL, Inoue K. Chiral surface twists and skyrmion stability in nanolayers of cubic helimagnets. Phys Rev Lett. 2016;117:087202. PubMed

Li CH, van't Erve OMJ, Robinson JT, Liu Y, Li L, Jonker BT. Electrical detection of charge-current-induced spin polarization due to spin-momentum locking in Bi2Se3. Nat Nanotech. 2014a;9:218. PubMed

Li L, Richter C, Mannhart J, Ashoori RC. Coexistence of magnetic order and two-dimensional superconductivity at LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interfaces. Nat Phys. 2011;7:762.

Li P, Ellsworth D, Chang H, Janantha P, Richardson D, Shah F, Phillips P, Vijayasarathy T, Wu M. Generation of pure spin currents via spin Seebeck effect in self-biased hexagonal ferrite thin films. Appl Phys Lett. 2014b;105:242412.

Li SZ. Generation of skyrmions by chopping magnetic chiral stripe domains with an electric current. arXiv:1510.07353 2015

Lin W, Chen K, Zhang S, Chien CL. Enhancement of Thermally Injected Spin Current through an Antiferromagnetic Insulator. Phys Rev Lett. 2016;116:186601. PubMed

Lin C, Okamoto S, Millis AJ. Dynamical mean-field study of model double-exchange superlattices. Phys Rev B. 2006;73:041104 (R).

Lin SZ. Edge instability in a chiral stripe domain under an electric current and skyrmion generation. Phys Rev B. 2016;94:020402(R).

Liu H, Bedau D, Backes D, Katine JA, Langer J, Kent AD. Ultrafast switching in magnetic tunnel junction based orthogonal spin transfer devices. Appl Phys Lett. 2010;97:242510.

Liu L, Chen CT, Sun JZ. Spin Hall effect tunneling spectroscopy. Nature Phys. 2014;10:561.

Liu L, Moriyama T, Ralph DC, Buhrman RA. Spin-torque ferromagnetic resonance induced by the spin Hall effect. Phys Rev Lett. 2011;106:036601. PubMed

Liu L, Richardella A, Garate I, Zhu Y, Samarth N, Chen CT. Spin-polarized tunneling study on spin-momentum locking in topological insulators. Phys Rev B. 2015a;91:235437.

Liu LQ, Lee OJ, Gudmundsen TJ, Ralph DC, Buhrman RA. Current-induced switching of perpendicularly-magnetized magnetic layers using spin torque from the spin Hall effect. Phys Rev Lett. 2012a;109:096602. PubMed

Liu LQ, Pai CF, Li Y, Tseng HW, Ralph DC, Buhrman RA. Spin torque switching with the giant spin Hall effect of tantalum. Science. 2012b;336:555. PubMed

Liu LQ, Pai CF, Ralph DC, Buhrman RA. Magnetic Oscillations Driven by the Spin Hall Effect in 3-Terminal Magnetic Tunnel Junction Devices. Phys Rev Lett. 2012c;109:186602. PubMed

Liu M, Zhang J, et al. Crossover between Weak Antilocalization and Weak Localization in a Magnetically Doped Topological Insulator. Phys Rev Lett. 2012d;108:036805. PubMed

Liu TM, Wang T, et al. Nanoscale Confinement of All-Optical Magnetic Switching in TbFeCo – Competition with Nanoscale Heterogeneity. Nano Lett. 2015b;15:6862. PubMed

Liu M, Wang W, Richardella A, Kandala A, Li J, Yazdani A, Samarth N, Ong NP. Large discrete jumps observed in the transition between Chern states in a ferromagnetic topological insulator. Science Adv. 2016;2:e1600167. PubMed PMC

Liu Y, Yuan Z, Wesselink RJH, Starikov AA, van Schilfgaarde M, Kelly PJ. Direct method for calculating temperature-dependent transport properties. Phys Rev B. 2015;91:220405(R).

Lobanov IS, Jonsson H, Uzdin VM. Mechanism and activation energy of magnetic skyrmion annihilation obtained from minimum energy path calculations. Phys Rev B. 2016;94:174418.

Locatelli N, et al. Noise-Enhanced Synchronization of Stochastic Magnetic Oscillators. Phys Rev Appl. 2014;2:034009.

Locatelli N, V, Naletov V, Grollier J, de Loubens G, Cros V, Deranlot C, Ulysse C, Faini G, Klein O, Fert A. Dynamics of two coupled vortices in a spin valve nanopillar excited by spin transfer torque. Appl Phys Lett. 2011;98:062501.

Lou X, Adelmann C, Crooker SA, Garlid ES, Zhang J, Madhukar Reddy KS, Flexner SD, Palmstrom CJ, Crowell PA. Electrical detection of spin transport in lateral ferromagnet-semiconductor devices. Nat Phys. 2007;3:197.

Lu HZ, Shi J, Shen SQ. Competition between Weak Localization and Antilocalization in Topological Surface States. Phys Rev Lett. 2011;107:076801. PubMed

Lucassen ME, Wong CH, Duine RA, Tserkovnyak Y. Spin-transfer mechanism for magnon-drag thermopower. Appl Phys Lett. 2011;99:262506.

Lund MS, Fitzsimmons MR, Park S, Leighton C. Temperature dependence magnetic interface location in interdiffused exchange biased bilayers. Appl Phys Lett. 2004;85:2845.

Lusassen ME, Wong CH, Duine RA, Tserkovnyak Y. Spin-transfer mechanism for magnon-drag thermopower. Appl Phys Lett. 2011;99:262506.

L'vov VS. Wave Turbulence Under Parametric Excitation. Springer-Verlag; New York: 1994.

Macia F, Kent AD, Hoppensteadt FC. Spin-wave interference patterns created by spin-torque nano-oscillators for memory and computation. Nanotech. 2011;22:095301. PubMed

MacKay JF, Teichert C, Savage DE, Lagally MG. Element Specific Magnetization of Buried Interfaces Probed by Diffuse X-Ray Resonant Magnetic Scattering. Phys Rev Lett. 1996;77:3925. PubMed

Macke S, et al. Element Specific Monolayer Depth Profiling. Adv Mater. 2014;26:6554. PubMed

MacNeill D, Stiehl GM, Guimaraes MHD, Buhrman RA, Park J, Ralph DC. Control of spin-orbit torques through crystal symmetry in WTe2/ferromagnet bilayers. Nat Phys. 2016 doi: 10.1038/nphys3933. DOI

Mahfouzi F, Nagaosa N, Nikolić BK. Spin-Orbit Coupling Induced Spin-Transfer Torque and Current Polarization in Topological-Insulator/Ferromagnet Vertical Heterostructures. Phys Rev Lett. 2012;109:166602. PubMed

Majkrzak CF, Cable JW, Kwo J, Hong M, McWhan DB, Yafet Y, Waszcak JV, Vettier C. Observation of a Magnetic Antiphase Domain Structure with Long-Range Order in a Synthetic Gd-Y Superlattice. Phys Rev Lett. 1986;56:2700. PubMed

Malinowski G, Dalla Longa F, Rietjens JHH, Paluskar V, Huijink R, Swagten HJM, Koopmans B. Control of speed and efficiency of ultrafast demagnetization by direct transfer of spin angular momentum. Nat Phys. 2008;4:855.

Malashevich A, Vanderbilt D. First Principles Study of Improper Ferroelectricity in TbMnO3. Phys Rev Lett. 2008;101:037210. PubMed

Malozemoff AP, Slonczewski JC. Magnetic Domain Walls in Bubble Materials. Academic; New York: 1979.

Manchon A, Zhang S. Theory of spin torque due to spin-orbit coupling. Phys Rev B. 2009;79:094422.

Mancoff FB, Rizzo ND, Engel BN, Tehrani S. Phase-locking in double-point-contact spin-transfer devices. Nature. 2005;437:393. PubMed

Mangin S, et al. Engineered materials for all-optical helicity-dependent magnetic switching. Nat Mater. 2014;13:286. PubMed

Mankovsky S, Ködderitzsch D, Woltersdorf G, Ebert H. First-principles calculation of the Gilbert damping parameter via the linear response formalism with application to magnetic transition metals and alloys. Phys Rev B. 2013;87:014430.

Marti X, et al. Room-temperature antiferromagnetic memory resistor. Nat Mater. 2014;13:367. PubMed

Marfunin AS. Spectroscopy, Luminescence and Radiation Centers in Minerals. Springer; New York: 1979. p. 92.

Martinez E, Emori S, Perez N, Torres L, Beach GSD. Current-driven dynamics of Dzyaloshinskii domain walls in the presence of in-plane fields: Full micromagnetic and one-dimensional analysis. J Appl Phys. 2014;115:213909.

Maruyama T, et al. Large voltage-induced magnetic anisotropy change in a few atomic layers of iron. Nat Nano. 2009;4:158. PubMed

Marynowski M, Franzen W, El-Batanouny M, Staemmler V. Observation of an extraordinary antiferromagnetic transition on the NiO(100) surface by metastable helium atom diffraction. Phys Rev B. 1999;60:6053.

Mathews M, Postma FM, Lodder JC, Jansen R, Rijnders G, Blank DHA. Step-induced uniaxial magnetic anisotropy of La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 thin films. Appl Phys Lett. 2005;87:242507.

Mathias S, et al. Probing the timescale of the exchange interaction in a ferromagnetic alloy. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2012;109:4792. PubMed PMC

Mathon J, Umerski A. Theory of tunneling magnetoresistance of an epitaxial Fe/MgO/Fe(001) junction. Phys Rev B. 2001;63:220403(R).

Matthews JA, Blakeslee AE. Defects in epitaxial multilayers. I. Misfit dislocations. J Cryst Growth. 1974;27:118.

May SJ, Shah AB, te Velthuis SGE, Fitzsimmons MR, Zuo JM, Zhai X, Eckstein JN, Bader SD, Bhattacharya A. Magnetically asymmetric interfaces in a LaMnO3/SrMnO3 superlattice due to structural asymmetries. Phys Rev B. 2008;77:174409.

McGuire T, Potter R. Anisotropic Magnetoresistance in Ferromagnetic 3d Alloys. IEEE Trans Mag. 1975;11:1018.

Meckler S, Mikuszeit N, Preßler A, Vedmedenko EY, Pietzsch O, Wiesendanger R. Real-Space Observation of a Right-Rotating Inhomogeneous Cycloidal Spin Spiral by Spin- Polarized Scanning Tunneling Microscopy in a Triple Axes Vector Magnet. Phys Rev Lett. 2009;103:157201. PubMed

Medapalli R, Razdolski I, Savoini M, Khorsand AR, Kalashnikova AM, Tsukamoto A, Itoh A, Kirilyuk A, Kimel AV, Rasing T. The role of magnetization compensation point for efficient ultrafast control of magnetization in Gd24Fe66.5Co9.5 alloy. Euro Phys J B. 86:183.

Meier D, Kuschel T, Shen L, Gupta A, Kikkawa T, Uchida K, Saitoh E, Schmalhorst JM, Reiss G. Thermally driven spin and charge currents in thin NiFe2O4/Pt films. Phys Rev B. 2013a;87:054421.

Meier D, Reinhardt D, Schmid M, Back CH, Schmalhorst JM, Kuschel T, Reiss G. Influence of heat flow directions on Nernst effects in Py/Pt bilayers. Phys Rev B. 2013b;88:184425.

Meier D, Reinhardt D, van Straaten M, Klewe C, Althammer M, Schreier M, Goennenwein STB, Gupta A, Schmid M, Back CH, Schmalhorst JM, Kuschel T, Reiss G. Longitudinal spin Seebeck effect contribution in transverse spin Seebeck effect experiments in Pt/YIG and Pt/NFO. Nat Commun. 2015;6:8211. PubMed PMC

Meier G, Bolte M, Eiselt R, Krüger B, Kim DH, Fischer P. Direct Imaging of Stochastic Domain-Wall Motion Driven by Nanosecond Current Pulses. Phys Rev Lett. 2007;98:187202. PubMed

Meiklejohn WH, Bean CP. New Magnetic Anisotropy. Phys Rev. 1956;102:1413.

Mekonnen A, Khorsand AR, Cormier M, Kimel AV, Kirilyuk A, Hrabec A, Ranno L, Tsukamoto A, Itoh A, Rasing T. Role of the inter-sublattice exchange coupling in short-laser-pulse-induced demagnetization dynamics of GdCo and GdCoFe alloys. Phys Rev B. 2013;87:180406(R).

Mellnik AR, et al. Spin-transfer torque generated by a topological insulator. Nature. 2014;511:449. PubMed

Melnikov A, Radu I, Povolotskiy A, Wehling T, Lichtenstein A, Bovensiepen U. Ultrafast dynamics at lanthanide surfaces: microscopic interaction of the charge, lattice and spin subsystems. J Phys D-Appl Phys. 2008;41:164004.

Melnikov A, Razdolski I, Wehling T, Papaioannou E, Roddatis V, Fumagalli P, Aktsipetrov O, Lichtenstein A, Bovensiepen U. Ultrafast Transport of Laser-Excited Spin-Polarized Carriers in Au/Fe/MgO(001) Phys Rev Lett. 2011;107:076601. PubMed

Melnikov A, Alekhin A, Bürstel D, Diesing D, Wehling TO, Rungger I, Stamenova M, Sanvito S, Bovensiepen U. Ultrafast Non-local Spin Dynamics in Metallic Bi-layers by Linear and Non-linear Magneto-optics. In: Bigot JY, et al., editors. ULTRAFAST MAGNETISM I Book Series: Springer Proceedings in Physics. Vol. 159. Springer International Publishing; Switzerland: 2015. p. 34. Ultrafast Magnetism I, Springer Proceedings in Physics Vol. 159. 2015.

Mendes JBS, Cunha RO, Alves Santos O, Ribeiro PRT, Machado FLA, Rodríguez-Suárez RL, Azevedo A, Rezende SM. Large inverse spin Hall effect in the antiferromagnetic metal Ir20Mn80. Phys Rev B. 2014;89:140406.

Mentink JH, Hellsvik J, Afanasiev DV, Ivanov BA, Kirilyuk A, Kimel AV, Eriksson O, Katsnelson MI, Rasing T. Ultrafast Spin Dynamics in Multisublattice Magnets. Phys Rev Lett. 2012;108:057202. PubMed

Mermin ND. The topological theory of defects in ordered media. Rev Mod Phys. 1979;51:591.

Meyer AJP, Asch G. Experimental g′ and g Values of Fe, Co, Ni, and Their Alloys. J Appl Phys. 1961;32:S330.

Meynell SA, Wilson MN, Fritzsche H, Bogdanov AN, Monchesky TL. Surface twist instabilities and skyrmion states in chiral ferromagnets. Phys Rev B. 2014;90:014406.

Miao BF, et al. Experimental realization of two-dimensional artificial skyrmion crystals at room temperature. Phys Rev B. 2014;90:174411.

Michalski S, Zhou J, Skomski R, Kirby RD. Coupled precession modes in indirect exchange-coupled [PtCo]-Co thin films. J Appl Phys. 2007;101:09D115.

Michels A. Magnetic small-angle neutron scattering of bulk ferromagnets. J Phys: Condens Matter. 2014;26:383201. PubMed

Milde P, et al. Unwinding of a skyrmion lattice by magnetic monopoles. Science. 2013;340:1076–1080. PubMed

Miller T, Chiang TC. Phys Rev Lett. 1992;68:3339. PubMed

Millis AJ, Darling T, Migliori A. Quantifying strain dependence in “colossal” magnetoresistance manganites. J Appl Phys. 1998;83:1588.

Mills DL. Surface effects in magnetic crystals near the ordering temperature. Phys Rev B. 1971;3:3887.

Min BI, Jang YR. The effect of the spin-orbit interaction on the electronic structure of magnetic materials. J Phys: Condens Matter. 1991;3:5131.

Miron IM, Garello K, Gaudin G, Zermatten PJ, Costache MV, Auffret S, Bandiera S, Rodmacq B, Schuhl A, Gambardella P. Perpendicular switching of a single ferromagnetic layer induced by in-plane current injection. Nature. 2011a;476:189. PubMed

Miron IM, Gaudin G, Auffret S, Rodmacq B, Schuhl A, Pizzini S, Vogel J, Gambardella P. Current-driven spin torque induced by the Rashba effect in a ferromagnetic metal layer. Nat Mater. 2010;9:230. PubMed

Miron IM, Moore T, et al. Fast current-induced domain-wall motion controlled by the Rashba effect. Nat Mater. 2011b;10:419–423. PubMed

Miron IM, Zermatten PJ, Gaudin G, Auffret S, Rodmacq B, Schuhl A. Domain Wall Spin Torquemeter. Phys Rev Lett. 2009;102:137202. PubMed

Miwa S, et al. Highly sensitive nanoscale spin-torque diode. Nat Mater. 2014;13:50. PubMed

Miyazaki T, Tezuka N. Giant magnetic tunneling effect in Fe/Al2O3/Fe junction. J Magn Magn Mater. 1995;139:L231.

Mogi M, Yoshimi R, Tsukazaki A, Yasuda K, Kozuka Y, Takahashi KS, Kawasaki M, Tokura Y. Magnetic modulation doping in topological insulators toward higher-temperature quantum anomalous Hall effect. Appl Phys Lett. 2015;107:182401.

Mohseni SM, Sani SR, Persson J, Anh Nguyen TN, Chung S, Pogoryelov Ye, Muduli PK, Iacocca E, Eklund A, Dumas RK, Bonetti S, Deac A, Hoefer MA, Akerman J. Spin torque-generated magnetic droplet soliton. Science. 2013;339:1295. PubMed

Monso S, Rodmacq B, Auffret S, Casali G, Fettar F, Gilles B, Dieny B, Boyer P. Crossover from in-plane to perpendicular anisotropy in Pt/CoFe/AlOx sandwiches as a function of Al oxidation: A very accurate control of the oxidation of tunnel barriers. Appl Phys Lett. 2002;80:4157.

Moodera JS, Kinder LR, Wong TM, Meservey R. Large Magnetoresistance at Room Temperature in Ferromagnetic Thin Film Tunnel Junctions. Phys Rev Lett. 1995;74:3273. PubMed

Moodera JS, Mathon G. Spin polarized tunneling in ferromagnetic junctions. J Magn Magn Mater. 1999;200:248.

Moon EJ, Balachandran PV, Kirby BJ, Keavney DJ, Sichel-Tissot RJ, Schleputz CM, Karapetrova E, Cheng XM, Rondinelli JM, May SJ. Effect of interfacial octahedral behavior in ultrathin manganite films. Nano Lett. 2014a;14:2509. PubMed

Moon EJ, Colby R, Wang Q, Karapetrova E, Schlepütz CM, Fitzsimmons MR, May SJ. Spatial control of functional properties via octahedral modulations in complex oxide superlattices. Nat Commun. 2014b;5:5710. PubMed

Moore TA, I, Miron M, Gaudin G, Serret G, Auffret S, Rodmacq B, Schuhl A, Pizzini S, Vogel J, Bonfim M. High domain wall velocities induced by current in ultrathin Pt/Co/AlOx wires with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. Appl Phys Lett. 2008;93:262504.

Moreau-Luchaire C, et al. Additive interfacial chiral interaction in multilayers for stabilization of small individual skyrmions at room temperature. Nat Nanotechn. 2016;11:444. PubMed

Moriya T. Anisotropic Superexchange Interaction and Weak Ferromagnetism. Phys Rev. 1960a;120:91.

Moriya T. New Mechanism of Anisotropic Superexchange Interaction. Phys Rev Lett. 1960b;4:228.

Moriyama T, Takei S, Nagata M, Yoshimura Y, Matsuzaki N, Terashima T, Tserkovnyak Y, Ono T. Anti-damping spin transfer torque through epitaxial nickel oxide. Appl Phys Lett. 2015;106:162406.

Morrish AH. The Physical Principles of Magnetism. Wiley-IEEE Press; New York: 2001.

Moruzzi VL, Janak JF, Williams AR. Calculated Electronic Properties of Metals. Pergamon Press; New York: 1978.

Mosendz O, Pearson JE, Fradin FY, Bauer GEW, Bader SD, Hoffmann A. Quantifying spin Hall angles from spin pumping: Experiments and theory. Phys Rev Lett. 2010;104:046601. PubMed

Moser A, Takano K, Margulies DT, Albrecht M, Sonobe Y, Ikeda Y, Sun S, Fullerton EE. Magnetic recording: advancing into the future. J Phys D: Appl Phys. 2002;35:R157.

Moser J, Matos-Abiague A, Schuh D, Wegscheider W, Fabian J, Weiss D. Tunneling Anisotropic Magnetoresistance and Spin-Orbit Coupling in Fe/GaAs/Au Tunnel Junctions. Phys Rev Lett. 2007;99:056601. PubMed

Mott NF. The Electrical Conductivity of Transition Metals. Proc R Soc A. 1936;153:699.

Moutafis C, Komineas S, Bland JAC. Dynamics and switching processes for magnetic bubbles in nanoelements. Phys Rev B. 2009;79:224429.

Mross DF, Johannesson H. Two-impurity Kondo model with spin-orbit interactions. Phys Rev B. 2009;80:155302.

Mühlbauer S. Skyrmion lattice in a chiral magnet. Science. 2009;323:915. PubMed

Müller GM, et al. Spin polarization in half-metals probed by femtosecond spin excitation. Nat Mater. 2009;8:56. PubMed

Muller O, Roy R. The Major Ternary Structural Families. New York; Springer Verlag: 1974.

Münzer W, et al. Skyrmion lattice in the doped semiconductor Fe1-xCoxSi. Phys Rev B. 2010;81:041203.

Murakami S, Nagaosa N, Zhang SC. Dissipationless Quantum Spin Current at Room Temperature. Science. 2003;301:1348. PubMed

Myers EB, Ralph DC, Katine JA, Louie RN, Buhrman RA. Current-Induced Switching of Domains in Magnetic Mutlilayer Devices. Science. 1999;285:867. PubMed

Nagaosa N, Sinova J, Onoda S, MacDonald AH, Ong NP. Anomalous Hall effect. Rev Mod Phys. 2010;82:1539.

Nagaosa N, Tokura Y. Topological properties and dynamics of magnetic skyrmions. Nat Nanotech. 2013;8:899–911. PubMed

Nakamura K, Shimabukuro R, Fujiwara Y, Akiyama T, Ito T, Freeman AJ. Giant modification of the magnetocrystalline anisotropy in transition-metal monolayers by an external electric field. Phys Rev Lett. 2009;102:187201. PubMed

Nanda BRK, Satpathy S, Springborg MS. Electron Leakage and Double-Exchange Ferromagnetism at the Interface between a Metal and an Antiferromagnetic Insulator: CaRuO3/CaMnO3. Phys Rev Lett. 2007;98:216804. PubMed

Néel L. Anisotropie magnétique superficielle et surstructures d'orientation. J Physique Rad. 1954;15:225.

Néel L. A magnetostatic problem concerning ferromagnetic films. C R Hebd Seances Acad Sci. 1962a;255:1545.

Néel L. A new method of coupling the magnetizations of two thin ferromagnetic films. C R Hebd Seances Acad Sci. 1962b;255:1676.

Nembach HT, Shaw JM, Weiler M, Jué E, Silva TJ. Linear relation between Heisenberg exchange and interfacial Dzyaloshinkii-Moriya interaction in metal films. Nat Phys. 2015;11:825.

Neubauer A, Pfleiderer C, Binz B, Rosch A, Ritz R, Niklowitz PG, Böni P. Topological Hall Effect in the A Phase of MnSi. Phys Rev Lett. 2009;102:186602. PubMed

Neupane M, et al. Observation of quantum-tunneling-modulated spin texture in ultrathin topological insulator Bi2Se3 films. Nat Commun. 2014;5:3841. PubMed

Ney A, Poulopoulos P, Baberschke K. Surface and interface magnetic moments of Co/Cu(001) Europhys Lett. 2001;54:820.

Niemier MT, et al. Nanomagnet logic: progress toward system-level integration. J Phys: Condens Matter. 2011;23:493202. PubMed

Niizeki T, Kikkawa T, Uchida K, Oka M, Suzuki KZ, Yanagihara H, Kita E, Saitoh E. Observation of longitudinal spin-Seebeck effect in cobalt-ferrite epitaxial thin film. AIP Adv. 2015;5:053603.

Niranjan MK, Duan CG, Jaswal SS, Tsymbal EY. Electric Field Effect on Magnetization at the Fe/MgO(001) Interface. Appl Phys Lett. 2010;96:222504.

Nogues J, I, Schuller K. Exchange bias. J Magn Magn Mater. 1999;192:203.

Nogues J, Sort J, Langlais V, Skumryev V, Surinach S, Munoz JS, Baro MD. Exchange bias in nanostructures. Phys Rep. 2005;422:65.

Nozaki T, et al. Electric-field-induced ferromagnetic resonance excitation in an ultrathin ferromagnetic metal layer. Nat Phys. 2012;8:491.

Nuñez AS, Duine RA, Haney P, MacDonald AH. Theory of spin torques and giant magnetoresistance in antiferromagnetic metals. Phys Rev B. 2006;73:214426.

O'Brien L, Erickson MJ, Spivak D, Ambaye H, Goyette RJ, Lauter V, Crowell PA, Leighton C. Kondo physics in non-local metallic spin transport devices. Nat Commun. 2014;5:3927. PubMed

O'Handley RC. Modern Magnetic Materials: Principles and Applications. Wiley; New York: 2000.

Ohkawa FJ, Uemura Y. Quantized surface states of narrow-gap semiconductors. J Phys Soc Jpn. 1974;37:1325.

Ohno H, Chiba D, Matsukura F, Omiya T, Abe E, Dietl T, Ohno Y, Ohtani K. Electric- field control of ferromagnetism. Nature. 2000;408:944. PubMed

Ohno H, Endoh T, Hanyu T, Kasai N, Ikeda S. Magnetic Tunnel Junction for Nonvolatile CMOS Logic. IEDM 2010. 2010 doi: 10.1109/IEDM.2010.5703329. DOI

Ohno Y, Young DK, Beschoten B, Matsukara F, Ohno H, Awschalom DD. Electrical spin injection in a ferromagnetic semiconductor heterostructure. Nature. 1999;402:790.

Oike H, Kikkawa A, Kanazawa N, Taguchi Y, Kawasaki M, Tokura Y, Kagawa F. Interplay between topological and thermodynamic stability in a metastable magnetic skyrmion lattice. Nature Phys. 2015;12:62.

Onose Y, Okamura Y, Seki S, Ishiwata S, Tokura Y. Observation of Magnetic Excitations of Skyrmion Crystal in a Helimagnetic Insulator Cu2OSeO3. Phys Rev Lett. 2012;109:037603. PubMed

Opitz J, Zahn P, Binder J, Mertig I. Ab initio calculation of the interlayer exchange coupling in Fe/Au multilayers: The role of impurities at the interface. Phys Rev B. 2001;63:094418.

Oppeneer PM, Liebsch A. Ultrafast demagnetization in Ni: theory of magneto-optics for non-equilibrium electron distributions. J Phys: Condens Matter. 2004;16:5519.

Ortega JE, Himpsel FJ. Quantum well states as mediators of magnetic coupling in superlattices. Phys Rev Lett. 1992;69:844. PubMed

Ostler TA, et al. Ultrafast heating as a sufficient stimulus for magnetization reversal in a ferrimagnet. Nat Commun. 2012;3:666. PubMed

Pai CF, Liu L, Li Y, Tseng HW, Ralph DC, Buhrman RA. Spin transfer torque devices utilizing the giant spin Hall effect of tungsten. Appl Phys Lett. 2012;101:122404.

Pai CF, Nguyen MH, Belvin C, Vilela-Leão LH, Ralph DC, Buhrman RA. Enhancement of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and transmission of spin-Hall-effect-induced spin currents by a Hf spacer layer in W/Hf/CoFeB/MgO structures. Appl Phys Lett. 2014;104:082407.

Pai CF, Ou Y, Vilela-Leao LH, Ralph DC, Buhrman RA. Dependence of the efficiency of spin Hall torque on the transparency of Pt/ferromagnetic layer interfaces. Phys Rev B. 2015;92:064426.

Papanicolaou N, Tomaras TN. Dynamics of magnetic vortices. Nuc Phys B. 1991;360:425.

Pappas C, Lelièvre-Berna E, Falus P, Bentley PM, Moskvin E, Grigoriev S, Fouquet P, Farago B. Chiral Paramagnetic Skyrmion-like Phase in MnSi. Phys Rev Lett. 2009;102:197202. PubMed

Papusoi C, Delat B, Rodmacq B, Houssameddine D, Michel JP, Ebels U, Sousa RC, Buda-Prejbeanu L, Dieny B. 100 ps precessional spin-transfer switching of a planar magnetic random access memory cell with perpendicular spin polarizer. Appl Phys Lett. 2009;95:072506.

Park BG, et al. A spin-valve-like magnetoresistance of an antiferromagnet-based tunnel junction. Nat Mater. 2011;10:347. PubMed

Park BG, Wunderlich J, Williams DA, Joo SJ, Jung KY, Shin KH, Olejník K, Shick AB, Jungwirth T. Tunneling Anisotropic Magnetoresistance in Multilayer-(Co/Pt)/AlOx/Pt Structures. Phys Rev Lett. 2008;100:087204. PubMed

Parkin SSP, Hayashi M, Thomas L. Magnetic Domain-Wall Racetrack Memory. Science. 2008;320:190. PubMed

Parkin SSP, Jiang X, Kaiser C, Panchula A, Roche K, Samant M. Magnetically engineered spintronic sensors and memory. Proc IEEE. 2003;91:661.

Parkin SSP, Kaiser C, Panchula A, Rice PM, Hughes B, Samant M, Yang SH. Giant tunnelling magnetoresistance at room temperature with MgO (100) tunnel barriers. Nat Mater. 2004;3:862. PubMed

Parkin SSP, More N, Roche KP. Oscillations in exchange coupling and magnetoresistance in metallic superlattice structures: Co/Ru, Co/Cr, and Fe/Cr. Phys Rev Lett. 1990;64:2304. PubMed

Payne AP, Clemens BM. Influence of roughness distributions and correlations on X-ray diffraction from superlattices. Phys Rev B. 1993;47:2289. PubMed

Pennycook SJ, Zhou H, Chisholm MF, Borisevich AY, Varela M, Gazquez J, Pennycook TJ, Narayan J. Misfit accommodation in oxide thin film heterostructures. Acta Mater. 2013;61:2725.

Pesin D, MacDonald AH. Spintronics and pseudospintronics in graphene and topological insulators. Nat Mater. 2012;11:409. PubMed

Petford-Long AK, De Graef M. Lorentz microscopy. In: Kaufmann EN, editor. Characterization of Materials. Wiley; New York: 2012. pp. 1787–1801.

Petit-Watelot S, Kim JV, Ruotolo A, Otxoa RM, Bouzehouane K, Grollier J, Vansteenkiste A, Van de Wiele B, Cros V, Devolder T. Commensurability and chaos in magnetic vortex oscillations. Nat Phys. 2012;8:682.

Petrova O, Tchernyshyov O. Spin waves in a skyrmion crystal. Phys Rev B. 2011;84:214433.

Pfeiffer A, Hu S, Reeve RM, Kronenberg A, Jourdan M, Kimura T, Klaui M. Spin currents injected electrically and thermally from highly spin polarized Co2MnSi. Appl Phys Lett. 2015;107:082401.

Phatak C, Petford-Long AK, De Graef M. Three-Dimensional Study of the Vector Potential of Magnetic Structures. Phys Rev Lett. 2010;104:253901. PubMed

Phatak C, Petford-Long AK, Heinonen O. Direct Observation of Unconventional Topological Spin Structure in Coupled Magnetic Discs. Phys Rev Lett. 2012;108:067205. PubMed

Pi UH, Kim KW, Bae JY, Lee SC, Cho YJ, Kim KS, Seo S. Tiliting the spin orientation induced by Rashba effect in ferromagnetic metal layer. Appl Phys Lett. 2010;97:162507.

Pizzini S, et al. Chirality-Induced Asymmetric Magnetic Nucleation in Pt/Co/AlOx Ultrathin Microstructures. Phys Rev Lett. 2014;113:047203. PubMed

Pleimling M, Selke W. Critical phenomena at perfect and non-perfect surfaces. Eur Phys J B. 1998;1:385.

Pleimling M. Critical phenomena at perfect and non-perfect surfacess. J Phys A: Math Gen. 2004;37:R79.

Pollard SD, Huang L, Buchanan KS, Arena DA, Zhu Y. Direct dynamic imaging of non-adiabatic spin torque effects. Nat Commun. 2012;3:1028. PubMed

Porat A, Bar-Ad S, Schuller IK. Novel laser-induced dynamics in exchange-biased systems. Europhys Lett. 2009;87:67001.

Pothuizen JJM, Cohen O, Sawatzky GA. Surface Band Gaps and Superexchange Interaction in Transition Metal Oxides. Mater Res Soc Symp Proc. 1995;401:501.

Prakash A, Brangham J, Yang F, Heremans JP. Spin Seebeck effect through antiferromagnetic NiO. Phys Rev B. 2016;94:014427.

Pratt WP, Jr, Lee SF, Slaughter JM, Loloe R, Schroeder PA, Bass J. Perpendicular giant magnetoresistances of Ag/Co multilayers. Phys Rev Lett. 1991;66:3060. PubMed

Prejbeanu IJ, Bandiera S, Alvarez-Hérault J, Sousa RC, Dieny B, Nozières JP. Thermally assisted MRAMs: ultimate scalability and logic functionalities. J Phys D: Appl Phys. 2013;46:074002.

Prenat G, Dieny B, Guo W, El Baraji M, Javerliac V, Nozières JP. Beyond MRAM, CMOS/MTJ Integration for Logic Components. IEEE Trans Magn. 2009;45:3400.

Primanayagam SN. Perpendicular recording media for hard disk drives. J Appl Phys. 2007;102:011301.

Prinz GA. Magnetoelectronics applications. J Magn Magn Mater. 1999;200:57.

Qi XL, Zhang SC. Topological insulators and superconductors. Revs Mod Phys. 2011;83:1057.

Qin HJ, Zakeri Kh, Ernst A, Chuang TH, Chen YJ, Meng Y, Kirschner J. Magnons in ultrathin ferromagnetic films with a large perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. Phys Rev B. 2013;88:020404.

Qiu ZQ, Bader SD. Surface magneto-optic Kerr effect (SMOKE) J Magn Magn Mater. 1999;200:664.

Qu D, Huang SY, Hu J, Wu R, Chien CL. Intrinsic Spin Seebeck Effect in Au/YIG. Phys Rev Lett. 2013;110:067206. PubMed

Radaelli PG, Iannone G, Marezio M, Hwang HY, Cheong SW, Jorgensen JD, Argyriou DN. Structural effects on the magnetic and transport properties of perovskite A1-xAx′MnO3 (x=0.25, 0.30) Phys Rev B. 1997;56:8265.

Radu I, et al. Transient ferromagnetic-like state mediating ultrafast reversal of antiferromagnetically coupled spins. Nature. 2011;472:205. PubMed

Ralph DC, Stiles MD. Spin transfer torques. J Magn Magn Mater. 2008;320:1190.

Ramesh R, Schlom D. Whither oxide electronics? MRS Bull. 2008;33:1006.

Ramos R, et al. Observation of the spin Seebeck effect in epitaxial Fe3O4thin films. Appl Phys Lett. 2013;102:072413.

Rashba E. Properties of semiconductors with an extemum loop. 1. Cyclotron and combinational resonance in a magnetic field perpendicular to the plane of the loop. Sov Phys Solid State. 1960;2:1109. English translation of Fiz. Tverd. Tela 2, 1224 (1960)

Rashba E, V, Sheka I. Symmetry of Bands with Spin-Orbit Interaction Included. Fiz Tverd Tela: Collected Papers. 1959;2:62.

Ren Y, Zhao H, Zhang Z, Jin QY. Ultrafast optical modulation of exchange coupling in FePtCoFe composite structure. Appl Phys Lett. 2008;92:162513.

Renard JP, Bruno P, Mégy R, Bartenlian B, Beauvillain P, Chappert C, Dupas C, Kolb E, Mulloy M, Prieur J, Veillet P, Vélu E. Inverse giant magnetoresistance. J Appl Phys. 1996;79:5270. PubMed

Revaz B, Cyrille MC, Zink B, Schuller IK, Hellman F. Enhancement of the electronic contribution to the low temperature specific heat of an Fe/Cr magnetic multilayer. Phys Rev B. 2002;65:094417.

Rezende SM, Rodríguez-Suárez RL, Cunha RO, Rodrigues A, Machado FLA, Guerra GAF, Ortiz JCL, Azevedo A. Magnon spin-current theory for the longitudinal spin-Seebeck effect. Phys Rev B. 2014;89:014416.

Rhie HS, Dürr HA, Eberhardt W. Femtosecond electron and spin dynamics in Ni/W (110) films. Phys Rev Lett. 2003;90:247201. PubMed

Rice WD, Ambwani P, Bombeck M, Thompson JD, Leighton C, Crooker SA. Persistent optically induced magnetism in oxygen-deficient strontium titanate. Nat Mater. 2014;13:481. PubMed

Richardella A, Kandala A, Samarth N. Topological Insulator Thin Films and Heterostructures: Epitaxial Growth, Transport, and Magnetism. In: Ortmann F, Roche S, Valenzuela O, editors. Topological insulators: Fundamentals and perspectives. Wiley; Weinheim: 2015. p. 295.

Rippard WH, Pufall MR, Kaka S, Russek SE, Silva TJ. Direct-Current Induced Dynamics in Co90Fe10/Ni80Fe20 Point Contacts. Phys Rev Lett. 2004;92:027201. PubMed

Rodmacq B, Auffret S, Dieny B, Monso S, Boyer P. Crossovers from in-plane to perpendicular anisotropy in magnetic tunnel junctions as a function of the barrier degree of oxidation. J Appl Phys. 2003;93:7513.

Rodmacq B, Manchon A, Ducruet C, Auffret S, Dieny B. Influence of thermal annealing on the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of Pt/Co/AlOx trilayers. Phys Rev B. 2009;79:024423.

Rodríguez LA, et al. Quantitative in situ magnetization reversal studies in Lorentz microscopy and electron holography. Ultramicroscopy. 2013;134:144. PubMed

Rohart S, Thiaville A. Skyrmion confinement in ultrathin film nanostructures in the presence of Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction. Phys Rev B. 2013;88:184422.

Rohart S, Miltat J, Thiaville A. Path to collapse for an isolated skyrmion. Phys Rev B. 2016;93:214412.

Rojas-Sánchez JC, Vila L, Desfonds G, Gambarelli S, Attané JP, De Teresa JM, Magén C, Fert A. Spin-to-charge conversion using Rashba coupling at the interface between nonmagnetic materials. Nat Comm. 2013;4:2944. PubMed

Rojas-Sánchez JC, Oyarzún S, Fu Y, Marty A, Vergnaud C, Gambarelli S, Vila L, Jamet M, Ohtsubo Y, Taleb-Ibrahimi A, Le Fèvre P, Bertran F, Reyren N, George JM, Fert A. Spin to Charge Conversion at Room Temperature by Spin Pumping into a New Type of Topological Insulator: α-Sn Films. Phys Rev Lett. 2016;116:096602. PubMed

Romming N, Hanneken C, Menzel M, Bickel JE, Wolter B, von Bergmann K, Kubetzka A, Wiesendanger R. Writing and deleting single magnetic skyrmions. Science. 2013;341:636. PubMed

Romming N, Kubetzka A, Hanneken C, von Bergmann K, Wiesendanger R. Field-dependent size and shape of single magnetic skyrmions. Phys Rev Lett. 2015;114:177203. PubMed

Rondin L, Tetienne JP, Rohart S, Thiaville A, Hingant T, Spinicelli P, Roch JF, Jacques V. Stray-field imaging of magnetic vortices with a single diamond spin. Nat Commun. 2013;4:2279. PubMed

Rondinelli JM, May SJ, Freeland JW. Control of octahedral connectivity in perovskite oxide heterostructures: An emerging route to multifunctional materials discovery. MRS Bull. 2012;37:261.

Rondinelli JM, Spaldin NA. Substrate coherency driven octahedral rotations in perovskite oxide films. Phys Rev B. 2010;82:113402.

Rondinelli JM, Stengel M, Spaldin NA. Carrier-mediated magnetoelectricity in complex oxide heterostructures. Nat Nano. 2008;3:46. PubMed

Röβler UK, Bogdanov AN, Pfleiderer C. Spontaneous skyrmion ground states in magnetic metals. Nature. 2006;442:797. PubMed

Roth T, Schellekens AJ, Alebrand S, Schmitt O, Steil D, Koopmans B, Cinchetti M, Aeschlimann M. Temperature Dependence of Laser-Induced Demagnetization in Ni: A Key for Identifying the Underlying Mechanism. Phys Rev X. 2012;2:021006.

Rougemaille N, Schmid AK. Magnetic imaging with spin-polarized low-energy electron microscopy. Eur Phys J Appl Phys. 2010;50:20101.

Rowland J, Banerjee S, Randeria M. Skyrmions in Chiral Magnets with Rashba and Dresselhaus Spin-Orbit Coupling. Phys Rev B. 2016;93:020404.

Roy K, Fan D, Fong X, Kim Y, Sharad M, Paul S, Chatterjee S, Bhunia S, Mukhopadhyay S. Exploring Spin Transfer Torque Devices for Unconventional Computing. IEEE J Emerg Sel Topics Circ Syst. 2015;5:5.

Ruderman MA, Kittel C. Indirect Exchange Coupling of Nuclear Magnetic Moments by Conduction Electrons. Phys Rev. 1954;96:99.

Ryu KS, Thomas L, Yang SH, Parkin S. Chiral spin torque at magnetic domain walls. Nat Nanotech. 2013;8:527. PubMed

Ryu KS, Thomas L, Yang SH, Parkin SSP. Current Induced Tilting of Domain Walls in High Velocity Motion along Perpendicularly Magnetized Micron-Sized Co/Ni/Co Racetracks. Appl Phys Exp. 2012;5:093006.

Rzhevsky A, Krichevtsov B, Bürgler D, Schneider C. Magnetization dynamics induced by ultrashort optical pulses in Fe⁄Cr thin films. Phys Rev B. 2007;75:224434.

Saglam H, Zhang W, Jungfleisch MB, Sklenar J, Pearson JE, Ketterson JB, Hoffmann A. Spin transport through the metallic antiferromagnet FeMn. Phys Rev B. 2016;94:140412(R).

Sahin C, Flatté ME. Tunable Giant Spin Hall Conductivities in a Strong Spin-Orbit Semimetal: Bi1-xSbx. Phys Rev Lett. 2015;114:107201. PubMed

Saitoh E, Ueda M, Miyajima H, Tatara G. Conversion of spin current into charge current at room temperature: Inverse spin-Hall effect. Appl Phys Lett. 2006;88:182509.

Salamon MB, Sinha S, Rhyne JJ, Cunningham JE, Erwin RW, Borchers J, Flynn CP. Long-range incommensurate magnetic order in a Dy-Y multilayer. Phys Rev Lett. 1986;56:259. PubMed

Salis G, Kato Y, Ensslin K, Driscoll DC, Gossard AC, Awschalom DD. Electrical control of spin coherence in semiconductor nanostructures. Nature. 2001;414:619. PubMed

Salvador PA, Haghiri-Gosnet AM, Mercey B, Hervieu M, Raveau B. Growth and magnetoresistive properties of (LaMnO3)m(SrMnO3)n superlattices. Appl Phys Lett. 1999;75:2638.

Sampaio J, Cros V, Rohart S, Thiaville A, Fert A. Nucleation, stability and current-induced motion of isolated magnetic skyrmions in nanostructures. Nat Nanotech. 2013;8:839. PubMed

Sanchez-Barriga J, et al. Nonmagnetic band gap at the Dirac point of the magnetic topological insulator (Bi1-xMnx)2Se3. Nat Commun. 2016;7:10559. PubMed PMC

Sani S, Persson J, Mohseni SM, Ye Pogoryelov, Muduli PK, Eklund A, Malm G, Kall M, Minteractiontriev AD, Åkerman J. Mutually synchronized bottom-up multi-nanocontact spin– torque oscillators. Nat Commun. 2013;4:2731. PubMed

Sankey JC, Braganca PM, Garcia AGF, Krivorotov IN, Buhrman RA, Ralph DC. Spin-transfer-driven ferromagnetic resonance of individual nanomagnets. Phys Rev Lett. 2006;96:227601. PubMed

Sankey JC, Cui YT, Sun JZ, Slonczewski JC, Buhrman RA, Ralph DC. Measurement of the spin-transfer-torque vector in magnetic tunnel junctions. Nat Phys. 2008;4:67.

Santos TS, Kirby BJ, Kumar S, May SJ, Borchers JA, Maranville BB, Zarestky J, te Velthuis SGE, van den Brink J, Bhattacharya A. Delta doping of ferromagnetism in antiferromagnetic manganite superlattices. Phys Rev Lett. 2011;107:167202. PubMed

Sato H, Enobio ECI, Yamanouchi M, Ikeda S, Fukami S, Kanai S, Matsukura F, Ohno H. Properties of magnetic tunnel junctions with a MgO/CoFeB/Ta/CoFeB/MgO recording structure down to junction diameter of 11 nm. Appl Phys Lett. 2014;105:062403.

Savoini M, Piovera C, et al. Bias-controlled ultrafast demagnetization in magnetic tunnel junctions. Phys Rev B. 2014a;89:140402.

Savoini M, Reid AH, et al. Attempting nanolocalization of all-optical switching through nanoholes in an Al-mask. Proc SPIE, Spintronics VII. 2014b;9167:91672C.

Schattschneider P, Rubino S, Hebert C, Rusz J, Kunes J, Novak P, Carlino E, Fabrizioli M, Panaccione G, Rossi G. Detection of magnetic circular dichroism using a transmission electron microscope. Nature. 2006;441:486. PubMed

Schellekens AJ, Koopmans B. Comparing ultrafast demagnitization rates between competing models for finite temperature magnetism. Phys Rev Lett. 2013a;110:217204. PubMed

Schellekens AJ, Koopmans B. Microscopic model for ultrafast magnetization dynamics of multisublattice magnets. Phys Rev B. 2013b;87:020407(R).

Schellekens AJ, Verhoeven W, Vader TN, Koopmans B. Investigating the contribution of superdiffusive transport to ultrafast demagnetization of ferromagnetic thin films. Appl Phys Lett. 2013;102:252408.

Schellekens AJ, Kuiper KC, de Wit RR, Koopmans B. Ultrafast spin-transfer torque driven by femtosecond pulsed-laser excitation. Nat Commun. 2014;5:4333. PubMed

Scherbakov AV, Salasyuk AS, Akimov AV, Liu X, Bombeck M, Bruggemann C, Yakovlev DR, Sapega VF, Furdyna JK, Bayer M. Coherent Magnetization Precession in Ferromagnetic (Ga,Mn) As Induced by Picosecond Acoustic Pulses. Phys Rev Lett. 2010;105:117204. PubMed

Schierle E, Weschke E, Gottberg A, Söllinger W, Heiss W, Springholz G, Kaindl G. Antiferromagnetic Order with Atomic Layer Resolution In EuTe(111) Films. Phys Rev Lett. 2008;101:267202. PubMed

Schmid M, Srichandan S, Meier D, Kuschel T, Schmalhorst JM, Vogel M, Reiss G, Strunk C, Back CH. Transverse Spin Seebeck Effect versus Anomalous and Planar Nernst Effects in Permalloy Thin Films. Phys Rev Lett. 2013;111:187201. PubMed

Schmidt G, Ferrand D, Molenkamp LW, Filip AT, van Wees BJ. Fundamental obstacle for electrical spin injection from a ferromagnetic metal into a diffusive semiconductor. Phys Rev B. 2000;62:R4790.

Scholl A, Baumgarten L, Jacquemin R, Eberhardt W. Ultrafast spin dynamics of ferromagnetic thin films observed by fs spin-resolved two-photon photoemission. Phys Rev Lett. 1997;79:5146.

Schreier M, et al. Sign of inverse spin Hall voltages generated by ferromagnetic resonance and temperature gradients in yttrium iron garnet platinum bilayers. J Phys D:Appl Phys. 2015;48:025001.

Schryer NL, Walker LR. The motion of 180° domain walls in uniform DC magnetic fields. J Appl Phys. 1974;45:5406.

Schubert C, Hassdenteufel A, Matthes P, Schmidt J, Helm M, Bratschitsch R, Albrecht M. All-optical helicity dependent magnetic switching in an artificial zero moment magnet. Appl Phys Lett. 2014;104:082406.

Schuller IK. New Class of Layered Materials. Phys Rev Lett. 1980;44:1597.

Schuller IK, Kim S, Leighton C. Magnetic superlattices and multilayers. J Magn Magn Mater. 1999;200:571.

Schulz T, Ritz R, Bauer A, Halder M, Wagner M, Franz C, Pfleiderer C, Everschor K, Garst M, Rosch A. Emergent electrodynamics of skyrmions in a chiral magnet. Nat Phys. 2012;8:301.

Schwarz K. CrO2 predicted as a half-metallic ferromagnet. J Phys F Met Phys. 1986;16:L211.

Seifert T, et al. Efficient metallic spintronics emitters of ultrabroadband terahertz radiation. Nat Photon. 2016;10:483.

Seki S, Yu XZ, Ishiwata S, Tokura Y. Observation of skyrmions in a multiferroic material. Science. 2012;336:198. PubMed

Seki S, Ideue T, Kubota M, Kozuka Y, Takagi R, Nakamura M, Kaneko Y, Kawasaki M, Tokura Y. Themal generation of spin current in an antiferromagnet. Phys Rev Lett. 2015;115:266601. PubMed

Seu KA, Reilly AC. Ultrafast laser excitation of spin waves and the permanent modification of the exchange bias interaction in IrMn/Co. J Appl Phys. 2008;103:07C104.

Shanavas KV, Popović ZS, Satpathy S. Theoretical model for Rashba spin-orbit interaction in d electrons. Phys Rev B. 2014;90:165108.

Shi X, Fischer P, Neu V, Elefant D, Lee JCT, Shapiro DA, Farmand M, Tyliszczak T, Shiu HW, Marchesini S, Roy S, Kevan SD. Soft x-ray ptychography studies of nanoscale magnetic and structural correlations in thin SmCo5 films. Appl Phys Lett. 2016;108:094103.

Shibata K, Yu XZ, Hara T, Morikawa D, Kanazawa N, Kimoto K, Ishiwata S, Matsui Y, Tokura Y. Towards control of the size and helicity of skyrmions in helimagnetic alloys by spin– orbit coupling. Nature Nanotech. 2013;8:723. PubMed

Shick AB, Khmelevskyi S, Mryasov ON, Wunderlich J, Jungwirth T. Spin-orbit coupling induced anisotropy effects in bimetallic antiferromagnets: A route towards antiferromagnetic spintronics. Phys Rev B. 2010;81:212409.

Shindou R, Nagaosa N. Orbital Ferromagnetism and Anomalous Hall Effect in Antiferromagnets on the Distorted fcc Lattice. Phys Rev Lett. 2001;87:116801. PubMed

Shiomi Y, Nomura K, Kajiwara Y, Eto K, Novak M, Segawa K, Ando Y, Saitoh E. Spin-Electricity Conversion Induced by Spin Injection into Topological Insulators. Phys Rev Lett. 2014;113:196601. PubMed

Shiota Y, Miwa S, Tamaru S, Nozaki T, Kubota H, Fukushima A, Suzuki Y, Yuasa S. High-output microwave detector using voltage-induced ferromagnetic resonance. Appl Phys Lett. 2014;105:192408.

Shiota Y, Nozaki T, Bonell F, Murakami S, Shinjo T, Suzuki Y. Induction of coherent magnetization switching in a few atomic layers of FeCo using voltage pulses. Nat Mater. 2012;11:39. PubMed

Shiroishi Y, Fukuda K, Tagawa I, Iwasaki H, Takenoiri S, Tanaka H, Mutoh H, Yoshikawa N. Future Options for HDD Storage. IEEE Trans Mag. 2009;45:3816.

Siegfried SA, Altynbaev EV, Chubova NM, Dyadkin V, Chernyshov D, Moskvin EV, Menzel D, Heinemann A, Schreyer A, Grigoriev SV. Controlling the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction to alter the chiral link between structure and magnetism for Fe1-xCoxSi. Phys Rev B. 2015;91:184406.

Silva TJ, Rippard WH. Developments in nano-oscillators based upon spin-transfer point-contact devices. J Magn Magn Mater. 2008;320:1260.

Sinkovic B, Hermsmeier B, Fadley CS. Observation of Spin-Polarized Photoelectron Diffraction. Phys Rev Lett. 1985;55:1227. PubMed

Sinova J, Culcer D, Niu Q, Sinitsyn NA, Jungwirth T, MacDonald AH. Universal Intrinsic Spin Hall Effect. Phys Rev Lett. 2004;92:126603. PubMed

Sinova J, Valenzuela SO, Wunderlich J, Back CH, Jungwirth T. Spin Hall effects. Rev Mod Phys. 2015;87:1213.

Sklenar J, Zhang W, Jungfleisch MB, Jiang W, Saglam H, Pearson JE, Ketterson JB, Hoffmann A. Perspective: Interface generation of spin-orbit torques. J Appl Phys. 2016;120:180901.

Skyrme THR. A non-linear theory of strong interactions. Proc Roy Soc A. 1958;247:260.

Skyrme THR. A unified field theory of mesons and baryons. Nucl Phys. 1962;31:556.

Slachter A, Bakker FL, Adam JP, van Wees BJ. Thermally driven spin injection from a ferromagnet into a non-magnetic metal. Nat Phys. 2010;6:879.

Slavin A, Tiberkevich V. Spin wave mode excited by spin-polarized current in a magnetic nanocontact is a standing self-localized wave bullet. Phys Rev Lett. 2005;95:237201. PubMed

Slavin A, Tiberkevich V. Excitation of spin waves by spin-polarized current in magnetic nano-structures. IEEE Trans Magn. 2008;44:1916.

Slavin A, Tiberkevich V. Nonlinear Auto-Oscillator Theory of Microwave Generation by Spin-Polarized Current. IEEE Trans Magn. 2009;45:1875.

Slonczewski JC. Conductance and exchange coupling of two ferromagntes separated by a tunneling barrier. Phys Rev B. 1989;39:6995. PubMed

Slonczewski JC. Fluctuation mechanism for biquadratic exchange coupling in magnetic multilayers. Phys Rev Lett. 1991;67:3172. PubMed

Slonczewski JC. Overview of interlayer exchange theory. J Magn Magn Mater. 1995;150:13.

Slonczewski JC. Current-driven excitation of magnetic multilayers. J Magn Magn Mater. 1996;159:L1.

Slonczewski JC. Currents and torques in metallic magnetic multilayers. J Magn Magn Mater. 2002;247:324.

Smit J. The spontaneous Hall effect in ferromagnetics II. Physica. 1958;24:39.

Smith AK, Jamali M, Zhao Z, Wang JP. External Field Free Effect Device for Perpendicular Magnetization Reversal Using a Composite Structure with Biasing Layer. arXiv:1603.09624 2016

Soldatov IV, Panarina N, Hess C, Schultz L, Schäfer R. Thermoelectric effects and magnetic anisotropy of Ga1-xMnxAs thin films. Phys Rev B. 2014;90:104423.

Sonin EB. Analogs of superfluid currents for spins and electron-hole pairs. JETP. 1978;47:1091. English translation of Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 74, 2097.

Sonin EB. Spin currents and spin superfluidity. Adv Phys. 2010;59:181.

Soucaille R, Belmeguenai M, Torrejon J, Kim JV, Devolder T, Roussigné Y, Chérif SM, Stashkevich A, Hayashi M, Adam JP. Probing the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction in CoFeB ultrathin films using domain wall creep and Brillouin light spectroscopy. Phys Rev B. 2016;94:104431.

Soumyanarayanan A, Reyren B, Fert A, Panagopoulos C. Emergent phenomena induced by spin-orbit coupling at surfaces and interfaces. Nature. 2016;539:509. PubMed

Spaldin NA, Cheong SW, Ramesh R. Multiferroics: Past, present, and future. Phys Today. 2010;63:38.

Spurgeon SR, et al. Thickness-Dependent Crossover from Charge- to Strain-Mediated Magnetoelectric Coupling in Ferromagnetic/Piezoelectric Oxide Heterostructures. ACS Nano. 2014;8:894. PubMed

Srajer G, et al. Advances in nanomagnetism via X-ray techniques. J Magn Magn Mater. 2006;307:1.

Stamm C, et al. Femtosecond modification of electron localization and transfer of angular momentum in nickel. Nat Mater. 2007;6:740. PubMed

Stanciu CD, Hansteen F, Kimel AV, Kirilyuk A, Tsukamoto A, Itoh A, Rasing Th. All-optical magnetic recording with circularly polarized light. Phys Rev Lett. 2007;99:047601. PubMed

Starikov AA, Kelly PJ, Brataas A, Tserkovnyak Y, Bauer GEW. Unified First-Principles Study of Gilbert Damping, Spin-Flip Diffusion, and Resistivity in Transition Metal Alloys. Phys Rev Lett. 2010;105:236601. PubMed

Stemmer S, Allen JS. Two-dimensional electron gases at complex oxide interfaces. Annu Rev Mater Res. 2014;44:151.

Stiles MD. Interlayer exchange coupling. J Magn Magn Mater. 1999;200:322.

Stiles MD. Interlayer Exchange Coupling. In: Heinrich B, Bland JAC, editors. Ultrathin Magnetic Structures III. Springer-Verlag; Berlin: 2004.

Stipe BC, et al. Magnetic recording at 1.5 Pb m-2 using an integrated plasmonic antenna. Nat Photonics. 2010;4:484.

Stöhr J. Exploring the microscopic origin of magnetic anisotropies with X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) spectroscopy. J Magn Magn Mater. 1999;200:470.

Stöhr J, Wu Y, Hermsmeier BD, Samant MG, Harp G, Koranda S, Dunham D, Tonner BP. Element-specific Magnetic Microscopy with Circularly Polarized X-rays. Science. 1993;259:658.

Stoner EC. Collective Electron Ferromagnetism. Proc Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences. 1938;165:372.

Streubel R, Lee J, Makarov D, Im MY, Karnaushenko D, Han L, Schäfer R, Fischer P, Kim SK, Schmidt OG. Magnetic Microstructure of Rolled-Up Single-Layer Ferromagnetic Nanomembranes. Adv Mater. 2014;26:316. PubMed

Subramanian MA, Ramirez AP, Marshall WJ. Structural tuning of ferromagnetism in a 3D cuprate perovskite. Phys Rev Lett. 1999;82:1558.

Suhl H. The theory of ferromagnetic resonance at high signal powers. J Phys Chem Sol. 1957;1:209.

Sulpizio JA, Ilani S, Irvin P, Levy J. Nanoscale phenomena in oxide heterostructures. Annu Rev Mater Res. 2014;44:117.

Sun JZ. Current-driven magnetic switching in manganite trilayer junctions. J Magn Magn Mater. 1999;202:157.

Takahashi KS, Kawasaki M, Tokura Y. Interface ferromagnetism in oxide superlattices of CaMnO3/CaRuO3. Appl Phys Lett. 2001;79:1324.

Takahashi S, Maekawa S. Spin injection and detection in magnetic nanostructures. Phys Rev B. 2003;67:052409.

Takei S, Halperin BI, Yacoby A, Tserkovnyak Y. Superfluid spin transport through antiferromagnetic insulators. Phys Rev B. 2014;90:094408. PubMed

Tanaka T, Kontani H, Naito M, Hirashima DS, Yamada K, Inoue J. Intrinsic spin Hall effect and orbital Hall effect in 4d and 5d transition metals. Phys Rev B. 2008;77:165117.

Tang J, et al. Electrical Detection of Spin-Polarized Surface States Conduction in (Bi0.53Sb0.47)2Te3 Topological Insulator. Nano Lett. 2014;14:5423. PubMed

Tanigaki T, Takahashi Y, Shimakura T, Akashi T, Tsuneta R, Sugawara A, Shindo D. Three-Dimensional Observation of Magnetic Vortex Cores in Stacked Ferromagnetic Discs. Nano Lett. 2015;15:1309. PubMed

Taniguchi T, Grollier J, Stiles MD. Spin-Transfer Torques Generated by the Anomalous Hall Effect and Anisotropic Magnetoresistance. Phys Rev Appl. 2015;3:044001. PubMed PMC

Tarasenko SV, Stankiewicz A, Tarasenko VV, Ferré J. Bloch wall dynamics in ultrathin ferromagnetic films. J Magn Magn Mater. 1998;189:19.

Tehrani S, Slaughter JM, Chen E, Durlam M, Shi J, DeHerrera M. Progress and outlook for MRAM technology. IEEE Trans Magn. 1999;35:2814.

Tetienne JP, et al. Nanoscale imaging and control of domain-wall hopping with a nitrogen-vacancy center microscope. Science. 2014;344:1366. PubMed

Tetienne JP, Hingant T, Martínez LJ, Rohart S, Thiaville A, Herrera Diez L, Garcia K, Adam JP, Kim JV, Roch JF, Miron IM, Gaudin G, Vila L, Ocker B, Ravelosona D, Jacques V. The nature of domain walls in ultrathin ferromagnets revealed by scanning nanomagnetometry. Nat Commun. 2015;6:6733. PubMed

Thadani KV, Finocchio G, Li ZP, Ozatay O, Sankey JC, Krivorotov IN, Cui YT, Buhrman RA, Ralph DC. Strong linewidth variation for spin-torque nano-oscillators as a function of in-plane magnetic field angle. Phys Rev B. 2008;78:024409.

Thiaville A, García JM, Dittrich R, Miltat J, Schrefl T. Micromagnetic study of Bloch-point-mediated vortex core reversal. Phys Rev B. 2003;67:094410.

Thiaville A, Nakatani Y, Miltat J, Suzuki Y. Micromagnetic understanding of current-driven domain wall motion in patterned nanowires. Europhys Lett. 2005;69:990.

Thiaville A, Rohart S, Jué É, Cros V, Fert A. Dynamics of Dzyaloshinskii domain walls in ultrathin magnetic films. Europhys Lett. 2012;100:57002.

Thiele A. Steady state motion of magnetic domains. Phys Rev Lett. 1973;30:230.

Thiele JU, Buess M, Back CH. Spin dynamics of the antiferromagnetic-to-ferromagnetic phase transition in FeRh on a sub-picosecond time scale. Appl Phys, Lett. 2004;85:2857.

Thiele C, Dörr K, Bilani O, Rodel K, Schultz L. Influence of strain on the magnetization and magnetoelectric effect in La0.7A0.3MnO3/PMN-PT(001) (A=Sr,Ca) Phys Rev B. 2007;75:054408.

Thole BT, Carra P, Sette F, van der Laan G. X-ray circular dichroism as a probe of orbital magnetization. Phys Rev Lett. 1992;68:1943. PubMed

Thomson W. On the Electro-Dynamic Qualities of Metals:--Effects of Magnetization on the Electric Conductivity of Nickel and of Iron. Proc Royal Soc London. 1856;8:546.

Tian J, Miotkowski I, Hong S, Chen YP. Electrical injection and detection of spin-polarized currents in topological insulator Bi2Te2Se. Sci Rep. 5:14293. PubMed PMC

Tiberkevich VS, Slavin AN. Nonlinear phenomenological model of magnetic dissipation for large precession angles: Generalization of the Gilbert model. Phys Rev B. 2007;75:014440.

Tiberkevich VS, Khymyn RS, Tang HX, Slavin AN. Sensitivity to external signals and synchronization properties of a non-isochronous auto-oscillator with delayed feedback. Sci Rep. 2014;4:3873. PubMed PMC

Tokura Y, Nagaosa N. Orbital physics in transition-metal oxides. Science. 2000;288:462. PubMed

Tomasello R, Martinez E, Zivieri R, Torres L, Carpentieri M, Finocchio G. A strategy for the design of skyrmion racetrack memories. Sci Rep. 2014;4:6874. PubMed PMC

Tombros N, Jozsa C, Popinciuc M, Jonkman HT, van Wees BJ. Electronic spin transport and spin precession in single graphene layers at room temperature. Nature. 2007;448:571. PubMed

Torija MA, Sharma M, Gazquez J, Varela M, He C, Schmitt J, Borchers JA, Laver M, El-Khatib S, Leighton C. Chemically-driven nanoscopic magnetic phase separation at the SrTiO3(001)/La1-xSrxCoO3 interface. Adv Mater. 2011;23:2711. PubMed

Torrejon J, Garcia-Sanchez F, Taniguchi T, Sinha J, Mitani S, Kim JV, Hayashi M. Current-driven asymmetric magnetization switching in perpendicularly magnetized CoFeB/MgO heterostructures. Phys Rev B. 2015;91:214434.

Töws W, Pastor GM. Many-Body Theory of Ultrafast Demagnetization and Angular Momentum Transfer in Ferromagnetic Transition Metals. Phys Rev Lett. 2015;115:217204. PubMed

Tretiakov O, Tchernyshyov O. Vortices in thin ferromagnetic films and the skyrmion number. Phys Rev B. 2007;75:012408.

Trigo M, et al. Fourier-transform inelastic X-ray scattering from time- and momentum-dependent phonon-phonon correlations. Nat Phys. 2013;9:790.

Tripathi A, Mohanty J, Dietze SH, Shpyrko OG, Shipton E, Fullerton EE, Kim SS, McNulty I. Dichroic coherent diffractive imaging. Proc Nat Acad Sci. 2011;108:13393. PubMed PMC

Tserkovnyak Y, Brataas A, Bauer GEW. Enhanced Gilbert damping in thin ferromagnetic films. Phys Rev Lett. 2002;88:117601. PubMed

Tserkovnyak Y, Brataas A, Bauer GEW, Halperin BI. Non-local magnetization dynamics in ferromagnetic heterostructures. Rev Mod Phys. 2005;77:1375.

Tserkovnyak Y, Brataas A, Bauer GEW. Theory of current-driven magnetization dynamics in inhomogeneous ferromagnets. J Magn Magn Mater. 2008;320:1282.

Tserkovnyak Y, Pesin DA, Loss D. Spin and orbital magnetic response on the surface of a topological insulator. Phys Rev B. 2015;91:041121(R).

Tshitoyan V, Ciccarelli C, Mihai AP, Ali M, Irvine AC, Moore TA, Jungwirth T, Ferguson AJ. Electrical manipulation of a ferromagnet by an antiferromagnet. Phys Rev B. 2015;92:214406.

Tsoi M, Jansen AGM, Bass J, Chiang WC, Seck M, Tsoi V, Wyder P. Excitation of a magnetic multilayer by an electric current. Phys Rev Lett. 1998;80:4281.

Tsoi M, Jansen AGM, Bass J, Chiang WC, Tsoi V, Wyder P. Generation and detection of phase-coherent current-driven magnons in magnetic multilayers. Nature. 2000;406:46. PubMed

Tsujikawa M, Oda T. Finite electric field effects in the large perpendicular magnetic anisotropy surface Pt/Fe/Pt (001): A first-principles study. Phys Rev Lett. 2009;102:247203. PubMed

Tsunegi SH, et al. High emission power and Q factor in spin torque vortex oscillator consisting of FeB free layer. Appl Phys Exp. 2014;7:063009.

Tsymbal E, Zutic I, editors. Handbook of spin transport and magnetism. CRC; Boca Raton: 2011.

Tucker JW. A Monte Carlo study of thin spin-1 Ising films with surface exchange enhancement. J Magn Magn Mater. 2000;210:383.

Tulapurkar AA, Suzuki Y, Fukushima A, Kubota H, Maehara H, Tsunekawa K, Djayaprawira DD, Watanabe N, Yuasa S. Spin-torque diode effect in magnetic tunnel junctions. Nature. 2005;438:339. PubMed

Uchida K, Adachi H, Ota T, Nakayama H, Maekawa S, Saitoh E. Observation of longitudinal spin-Seebeck effect in magnetic insulators. Appl Phys Lett. 2010a;97:172505.

Uchida K, Nonaka T, Ota T, Saitoh E. Longitudinal spin-Seebeck effect in sintered polycrystalline (Mn,Zn)Fe2O4. Appl Phys Lett. 2010c;97:262504.

Uchida K, Nonaka T, Kikkawa T, Kajiwara Y, Saitoh E. Longitudinal spin Seebeck effect in various garnet ferrites. Phys Rev B. 2013;87:104412.

Uchida K, Takahashi S, Harii K, Ieda J, Koshibae W, Ando K, Maekawa S, Saitoh E. Observation of the spin Seebeck effect. Nature. 2008;455:778. PubMed

Uchida K, Xiao J, et al. Spin Seebeck Insulator. Nat Mater. 2010b;9:894. PubMed

Uchida K, Ota T, Adachi H, Xiao J, Nonaka T, Kajiwara Y, Bauer GEW, Maekawa S, Saitoh E. Thermal spin pumping and magnon-phonon-mediated spin-Seebeck effect. J Appl Phys. 2012;111:103903.

Udvardi L, Szunyogh L. Chiral Asymmetry of the Spin-Wave Spectra in Ultrathin Magnetic Films. Phys Rev Lett. 2009;102:207204. PubMed

Ueda K, Tabata H, Kawai T. Control of magnetic properties in LaCrO3-LaFeO3 artificial superlattices. J Appl Phys. 2001;89:2847.

Uhlir V, Urbanek M, Hladik L, Spousta J, Im MY, Fischer P, Eibagi N, Kan JJ, Fullerton EE, Sikola T. Dynamic switching of the spin circulation in tapered magnetic nanodisks. Nat Nanotech. 2013;8:341. PubMed

Unguris J, Celotta RJ, Pierce DT. Determination of the Exchange Coupling Strengths for Fe/Au/Fe. Phys Rev Lett. 1997;79:2734.

Urazhdin S, Tiberkevich V, Slavin A. Parametric excitation of a magnetic nanocontact by a microwave field. Phys Rev Lett. 2010;105:237204. PubMed

Uribe-Laverde MA, et al. X-ray absorption spectroscopy study of the electronic and magnetic proximity effects in YBa2Cu3O7/La2/3Ca1/3MnO3 and La2-xSrxCuO4/La2/3Ca1/3MnO3 multilayers. Phys Rev B. 2014;90:205135.

Vahaplar K, et al. All-optical magnetization reversal by circularly polarized laser pulses: Experiment and multiscale modeling. Phys Rev B. 2012;85:104402.

Valenzuela SO, Tinkham M. Direct electronic measurement of the spin Hall effect. Nature. 2006;442:176. PubMed

Valet T, Fert A. Theory of the perpendicular magnetoresistance in magnetic multilayers. Phys Rev B. 1993;48:7099. PubMed

van Bree J, Yu Silov A, Koenraad PM, Flatté ME. Spin-Orbit-Induced Circulating Currents in a Semiconductor Nanostructure. Phys Rev Lett. 2014;112:187201. PubMed

van den Brink A, Vermijs G, Solignac A, Koo J, Kohlhepp JT, Swagten HJM, Koopmans B. Field-free magnetization reversal by spin-Hall effect and exchange bias. Nat Commun. 2016;7:10854. PubMed PMC

van der Merwe JH. Misfit dislocation generation in epitaxial layers. Crit Rev Sol Stat Mater Res. 1991;17:187.

van Kampen M, Jozsa C, Kohlhepp JT, Le Clair P, Lagae L, de Jonge WJM, Koopmans B. All-optical probe of coherent spin waves. Phys Rev Lett. 2002;88:227201. PubMed

Vansteenkiste A, Leliaert J, Dvornik M, Helsen M, Garcia Sanchez F, Van Waeyenberge B. The design and verification of MuMax3. AIP Adv. 2014;4:107133.

Van Vleck JH. Concerning the Theory of Ferromagnetic Resonance Absorption. Phys Rev. 1950;78:266.

Van Waeyenberge, et al. Magnetic vortex core reversal by excitation with short bursts of an alternating field. Nature. 2006;444:461. PubMed

Varela M, Gazquez J, Pennycook SJ. STEM/EELS imaging of complex oxides and interfaces. MRS Bull. 2012;37:29.

Vas'ko FT. Spin splitting in the spectrum of two-dimensional electrons due to the surface potential. P Zh Eksp Teor Fiz. 1979;30:574. English translation at JETP Lett. 30, 541 (1980)

Vaz CAF, Bland JAC, Lauhoff G. Magnetism in ultrathin film structures. Rep Prog Phys. 2008;71:056501.

Vaz CAF, Hoffman J, Segal Y, Reiner JW, Grober RD, Zhang Z, Ahn CH, Walker FJ. Origin of the magnetoelectronic coupling effect in Pb(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3/La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 multiferroic heterostructures. Phys Rev Lett. 2010;104:127202. PubMed

Vélez S, Golovach VN, Bedoya-Pinto A, Isasa M, Sagaste E, Abadia M, Rogero C, Hueso LE, Bergeret FS, Casanova F. Hanle Magnetoresistance in Thin Metal Films woth Strrong Spin-Orboit Coupling. Phys Rev Lett. 2016;116:016603. PubMed

Visani C, et al. Symmetrical interfacial reconstruction and magnetism in La0.7Ca0.3MnO3/YBa2Cu3O7/La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 heterostructures. Phys Rev B. 2011;84:060405(R).

von Barth U, Hedin L. A local exchange-correlation potential for the spin polarized case. I. J Phys C: Solid State Phys. 1972;5:1629.

von Bergmann K, Kubetzka A, Pietzsch O, Wiesendanger R. Interface-induced chiral domain walls, spin spirals and skyrmions revealed by spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy. J Phys: Condens Matter. 2014;26:394002. PubMed

Wadley P, et al. Electrical switching of an antiferromagnet. Science. 2016;351:587. PubMed

Wahle J, Blümer N, Schlipf J, Held K, Vollhardt D. Microscopic conditions favoring itinerant ferromagnetism. Phys Rev B. 1998;58:12749.

Walter J, Wang H, Luo B, Frisbie CD, Leighton C. Electrostatic versus electrochemical doping and control of ferromagnetism in ion-gel-gated ultrathin La0.5Sr0.5CoO3-d. ACS Nano. 10:7799. PubMed

Wang H, Du C, Hammel PC, Yang F. Antiferromagnetic Spin Transport from Y3Fe5O12 into NiO. Phys Rev Lett. 2014;113:097202. PubMed

Wang WG, Li M, Hageman S, Chien CL. Electric-field-assisted switching in magnetic tunnel junctions. Nat Mater. 2011;11:64. PubMed

Wang X, Manchon A. Diffusive Spin Dynamics in Ferromagnetic Thin Films with a Rashba Interaction. Phys Rev Lett. 2012;108:117201. PubMed

Wang Y, Deorani P, Banerjee K, Koirala N, Brahlek M, Oh S, Yang H. Topological Surface States Originated Spin-Orbit Torques in Bi2Se3. Phys Rev Lett. 2015;114:257202. PubMed

Wang ZH, Cristiani G, Habermeier HU. Uniaxial magnetic anisotropy and magnetic switching in La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 thin films grown on vicinal SrTiO3(100) Appl Phys Lett. 2003;82:3731.

Watzman SJ, Duine RA, Tserkovnyak Y, Boona SR, Jin H, Prakash A, Zheng Y, Heremans JP. Magnon-drag thermopower and Nernst coefficient in Fe and Co. Phys Rev B. 2016;94:144407.

Weber MC, Nembach H, Blomeier S, Hillebrands B, Kaltofen R, Schumann J, Carey MJ, Fassbender J. All-optical probe of magnetization dynamics in exchange biased bilayers on the picosecond timescale. Eur Phys J B. 2005;45:243.

Weber MC, Nembach H, Hillebrands B, Fassbender J. Modified Gilbert damping due to exchange bias in NiFe/FeMn bilayers. J Appl Phys. 2005a;97:10A701.

Weber MC, Nembach H, Hillebrands B, Fassbender J. Real-time temperature dynamics in exchange-biased bilayers upon laser excitation. IEEE Trans Magn. 2005b;41:1089.

Weber MC, Nembach H, Hillebrands B, Carey MJ, Fassbender J. Real-time evidence of two-magnon scattering in exchange-coupled bilayers. J Appl Phys. 2006;99:08J308.

Wei P, Katmis F, Assaf BA, Steinberg H, Jarillo-Herrero P, Heiman D, Moodera JS. Exchange-Coupling-Induced Symmetry Breaking in Topological Insulators. Phys Rev Lett. 2013;110:186807. PubMed

Weisbuch C, Hermann C. Optical detection of conduction electron spin resonance in GaAs. Phys Rev B. 1977;15:816.

Weisheit M, Fahler S, Marty A, Souche Y, Poinsignon C, Givord D. Electric field-induced modification of magnetism in thin-film ferromagnets. Science. 2007;315:349. PubMed

Weller D, Doerner MF. Extremely high-density longitudinal magnetic recording media. Annu Rev Mater Science. 2000;30:611.

Weller D, Stöhr J, Nakajima R, Carl A, Samant M, Chappert C, Megy R, Beauvillain P, Veillet P. Microscopic Origin of Magnetic Anisotropy in Au/Co/Au Probed with X-Ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism. Phys Rev Lett. 1995;75:3752. PubMed

Wende H. Recent advances in x-ray absorption spectroscopy. Rep Prog Phys. 2004;67:2105.

Wiesendanger R. Spin mapping at the nanoscale and atomic scale. Rev Mod Phys. 2009;81:1495.

Wiesendanger R. Nanoscale magnetic skyrmions in metallic films and multilayers: a new twist for spintronics. Nat Rev Mater. 2016;1:16044.

Wietstruk M, Melnikov A, Stamm C, Kachel T, Pontius M, Sultan C, Gahl M, Weinelt HA, Dürr, Bovensiepen U. Hot-Electron-Driven Enhancement of Spin-Lattice Coupling in Gd and Tb 4f Ferromagnets Observed by Femtosecond X-Ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism. Phys Rev Lett. 2011;106:127401. PubMed

Wigen PE. Nonlinear Phenomena and Chaos in Magnetic Materials. World Scientific; Singapore: 1994.

Wilhelm F, et al. Layer-Resolved Magnetic Moments in Ni/Pt Multilayers. Phys Rev Lett. 2000;85:413. PubMed

Willmott PR, et al. Structural basis for the conducting interface between LaAlO3 and SrTiO3. Phys Rev Lett. 2007;99:155502. PubMed

Woo S, et al. Observation of room-temperature magnetic skyrmions and their current-driven dynamics in ultrathin metallic ferromagnets. Nat Mater. 2016;15:501. PubMed

Wu AQ, et al. HAMR Areal Density Demonstration of 1+ Tbpsi on Spinstand. IEEE Trans Magn. 2013;49:779.

Wu J, et al. Direct observation of imprinted antiferromagnetic vortex states in CoO/Fe/Ag(001) discs. Nat Phys. 2011;7:303.

Wu H, Zhang X, Wan CH, Tao BS, Huang L, Kong WJ, Han XF. Hanle amgnetoresistance: The role of edge spin accumulation and interfacial spin current. Phys Rev B. 2016a;94:174407.

Wu SM, Hoffman J, Pearson JE, Bhattacharya A. Unambiguous separation of the inverse spin Hall and anomalous Nernst effects within a ferromagnetic metal using the spin Seebeck effect. Appl Phys Lett. 2014;105:092409.

Wu SM, Fradin FY, Hoffman J, Hoffmann A, Bhattacharya A. Spin Seebeck devices using local on-chip heating. J Appl Phys. 2015a;117:17C509.

Wu S, Pearson JE, Bhattacharya A. Paramagnetic spin Seebeck effect. Phys Rev Lett. 2015b;114:186602. PubMed

Wu SM, Zhang W, KC A, Borisov P, Pearson JE, Jiang JS, Lederman D, Hoffmann A, Bhattacharya A. Antiferromagnetic spin Seebeck Effect. Phys Rev Lett. 2016b;116:097204. PubMed

Wunderlich J, et al. Coulomb Blockade Anisotropic Magnetoresistance Effect in a (Ga,Mn)As Single-Electron Transistor. Phys Rev Lett. 2006;97:077201. PubMed

Wunderlich J, Kaestner B, Sinova J, Jungwirth T. Experimental Observation of the Spin-Hall Effect in a Two-Dimensional Spin-Orbit Coupled Semiconductor System. Phys Rev Lett. 2005;94:047204. PubMed

Xia K, Kelly PJ, Bauer GEW, Brataas A, Turek I. Spin torques in ferromagnetic/normal-metal structures. Phys Rev B. 2002;65:220401(R).

Xiao J, Zangwill A, Stiles MD. Boltzmann Test of Slonczewski's Theory of Spin Transfer Torque. Phys Rev B. 2004;70:172405.

Xiao J, Bauer GEW, Uchida K, Saitoh E, Maekawa S. Theory of magnon-driven spin Seebeck effect. Phys Rev B. 2010;82:099904.

Xu SY, et al. Hedgehog spin texture and Berry's phase tuning in a magnetic topological insulator. Nat Phys. 2012;8:616.

Xu Y, Wang S, Xia K. Spin-Transfer Torques in Antiferromagnetic Metals from First Principles. Phys Rev Lett. 2008;100:226602. PubMed

Yafet Y. Solid State Physics. Vol. 14. New York, USA: Academic Press; 1963.

Yamada Y, Ueno K, Fukumura T, Yuan HT, Shimotani H, Iwasa Y, Gu L, Tsukimoto S, Ikuhara Y, Kawasaki M. Electrically induced ferromagnetism at room temperature in cobalt-doped titanium dioxide. Science. 2011;332:1065. PubMed

Yamasaki K, Oki S, Yamada S, Kanashima T, Hamaya K. Spin-related thermoelectric conversion in lateral spin-valve devices with single-crystalline Co 2 FeSi electrodes. Appl Phys Express. 2015;8:043003.

Yanes R, Jackson J, Udvardi L, Szunyogh L, Nowak U. Exchange Bias Driven by Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya Interactions. Phys Rev Lett. 2013;111:217202. PubMed

Yang HX, Chshiev M, Dieny B, Lee JH, Manchon A, Shin KH. First principles investigation of the very large perpendicular magnetic anisotropy at the Fe/MgO and Co/MgO interfaces. Phys Rev B. 2011;84:054401.

Yang H, Thiaville A, Rohart S, Fert A, Chshiev M. Anatomy of Dzyaloshinkii-Moriya Interaction at Co/Pt Interfaces. Phys Rev Lett. 2015;115:267210. PubMed

Yang JH, Li ZL, Lu XZ, Whangbo MH, Wei SH, Gong XG, Xiang HJ. Strong Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya Interaction and Origin of Ferroelectricity in Cu2OSeO3. Phys Rev Lett. 2012;109:107203. PubMed

Yang QI, et al. Emerging Weak Localization Effects on Topological Insulator-Insulating Ferromagnet (Bi2Se3-EuS) Interface. Phys Rev B. 2013;88:081407.

Yang S, Beach G, Knutson C, Xiao D, Niu Q, Tsoi M, Erskine J. Universal Electromotive Force Induced by Domain Wall Motion. Phys Rev Lett. 2009;102:067201. PubMed

Yasuda K, Tsukazaki A, Yoshimi R, Kondou K, Takahashi KS, Otani Y, Kawasaki M, Tokura Y. arXiv:1612.06862 2017 PubMed

Yia D, Liu J, Hsua SL, Zhang L, Choig Y, Kim JW, Chen Z, Clarkson JD, Serrao CR, Arenholz E, Ryang PJ, Xu H, Birgeneau RJ, Ramesh R. Atomic-scale control of magnetic anisotropy via novel spin-orbit coupling effect in La2/3Sr1/3MnO3/SrIrO3 superlattices. Proc Nat Acad Sci. 2016;113:6397. PubMed PMC

Yosida Y. Magnetic Properties of Cu-Mn Alloys. Phys Rev. 1957;106:893.

Yoshimura Y, et al. Soliton-like magnetic domain wall motion induced by the interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction. Nat Phys. 2015;12:157.

You L, Lee O, Bhowmik D, Labanowski D, Hong J, Bokor J, Salahuddin S. Switching of perpendicularly polarized nanomagnets with spin orbit torque without an external magnetic field by engineering a tilted anisotropy. Proc Nat Acad Sci. 2015;112:10310. PubMed PMC

Yu R, Zhang W, Zhang HJ, Zhang SC, Dai X, Fang Z. Quantized Anomalous Hall Effect in Magnetic Topological Insulators. Science. 2010a;329:61. PubMed

Yu XZ, DeGrave JP, Hara Y, Hara T, Jin S, Tokura Y. Observation of the Magnetic Skyrmion Lattice in a MnSi Nanowire by Lorentz TEM. Nano Lett. 2013;13:3755. PubMed

Yu XZ, Kanazawa N, Onose Y, Kimoto K, Zhang WZ, Ishiwata S, Matsui Y, Tokura Y. Near room-temperature formation of a skyrmion crystal in thin-films of the helimagnet FeGe. Nat Mater. 2011;10:106. PubMed

Yu XZ, Kanazawa N, Zhang WZ, Nagai T, Hara T, Kimoto K, Matsui Y, Onose Y, Tokura Y. Skyrmion flow near room temperature in an ultralow current density. Nat Commun. 2012;3:988. PubMed

Yu XZ, Onose Y, Kanazawa N, Park JH, Han JH, Matsui Y, Nagaosa N, Tokura Y. Real-space observation of a two-dimensional skyrmion crystal. Nature. 2010b;465:901. PubMed

Yuasa S, Nagahama T, Fukushima A, Suzuki Y, Ando K. Giant room-temperature magnetoresistance in single-crystal Fe/MgO/Fe magnetic tunnel junctions. Nat Mater. 2004;3:868. PubMed

Zakeri Kh, Zhang Y, Prokop J, Chuang TH, Sakr N, Tang WX, Kirschner J. Asymmetric Spin-Wave Dispersion on Fe(110): Direct Evidence of the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya Interaction. Phys Rev Lett. 2010;104:137203. PubMed

Zang J, Mostovoy M, Han JH, Nagaosa N. Dynamics of skyrmion crystals in metallic thin films. Phys Rev Lett. 2011;107:136804. PubMed

Železný JH, Gao H, Výborný K, Zemen J, Mašek J, Manchon A, Wunderlich J, Sinova J, Jungwirth T. Relativistic Néel-Order Fields Induced by Electrical Current in Antiferromagnets. Phys Rev Lett. 2014;113:157201. PubMed

Zener C. Interaction between the d-shells in the transition metals. II. Ferromagnetic compounds of manganese with perovskite structure. Phys Rev. 1951;82:403.

Zhang C, Fukami S, Sato H, Matsukura F, Ohno H. Spin-orbit torque induced magnetization switching in nano-scale Ta/CoFeB/MgO. Appl Phys Lett. 2015f;107:012401.

Zhang D, et al. Interplay between ferromagnetism, surface states, and quantum corrections in a magnetically doped topological insulator. Phys Rev B. 2012;86:205127.

Zhang GP, Hubner W. Laser-induced ultrafast demagnetization in ferromagnetic metals. Phys Rev Lett. 2000;85:3025. PubMed

Zhang H, Liu CX, Qi L, Dai X, Fang Z, Zhang SC. Topological insulators in Bi2Se3, Bi2Te3 and Sb2Te3 with a single Dirac cone on the surface. Nat Phys. 2009;5:438.

Zhang JY, Hwang J, Raghavan S, Stemmer S. Symmetry Lowering in Extreme-Electron- Density Perovskite Quantum Wells. Phys Rev Lett. 2013;110:256401. PubMed

Zhang S, Li Z. Roles of Nonequilibrium Conduction Electrons on the Magnetization Dynamics of Ferromagnets. Phys Rev Lett. 2004;93:127204. PubMed

Zhang W, Jungfleisch MB, Freimuth F, Jiang W, Sklenar J, Pearson JE, Ketterson JB, Mokrousov Y, Hoffmann A. All-electrical manipulation of magnetization dynamics in a ferromagnet by antiferromagnets with anisotropic spin Hall effects. Phys Rev B. 2015d;92:144405.

Zhang W, Jungfleisch MB, Jiang W, Liu Y, Pearson JE, te Velthuis SGE, Hoffmann A, Freimuth F, Mokrousov Y. Reduced spin-Hall effects from magnetic proximity. Phys Rev B. 2015a;91:115316.

Zhang W, Jungfleisch MB, Jiang W, Pearson JE, Hoffmann A, Freimuth F, Mokrousov Y. Spin Hall Effects in Metallic Antiferromagnets. Phys Rev Lett. 2014;113:196602. PubMed

Zhang W, Jungfleisch MB, Jiang W, Pearson JE, Hoffmann A. Spin pumping and inverse Rashba-Edelstein effect in NiFe/Ag/Bi and NiFe/Ag/Sb. J Appl Phys. 2015b;117:17C727.

Zhang W, Han W, Jiang X, Yang SH, Parkin SSP. Role of transparency of platinum– ferromagnet interfaces in determining the intrinsic magnitude of the spin Hall effect. Nat Phys. 2015c;11:496.

Zhang X, Zhao GP, Fangohr H, Liu JP, Xia WX, Xia J, Morvan FJ. Skyrmion-skyrmion and skyrmion-edge repulsions in skyrmion-based racetrack memory. Sci Rep. 2015e;5:11369. PubMed PMC

Zhang Z, Cui B, Wang G, Ma B, Jin QY, Liu Y. Ultrafast laser-induced magnetization precession dynamics in FePt/CoFe exchange-coupled films. Appl Phys Lett. 2010;97:172508.

Zhu J, Katine JA, Rowlands GE, Chen YJ, Duan Z, Alzate JG, Upadhyaya P, Langer J, Amiri PK, Wang KL, Krivorotov IN. Voltage-Induced Ferromagnetic Resonance in Magnetic Tunnel Junctions. Phys Rev Lett. 2012;108:197203. PubMed

Zhu JG, Park C. Magnetic tunnel junctions. Mater Today. 2006;9:36.

Zhu Y, Dürr H. The future of electron microscopy. Physics Today. 2015;68:32.

Zink BL, Manno M, O'Brien L, Lotze J, Weiler M, Bassett D, Mason SJ, Goennenwein STB, Johnson M, Leighton C. Efficient spin transport through native oxides of nickel and permalloy with platinum and gold overlayers. Phys Rev B. 2016;93:184401.

Zutic I, Fabian J, Das Sarma S. Spintronics: Fundamentals and applications. Rev Mod Phys. 2004;76:323.

Atomically sharp domain walls in an antiferromagnet