Relevance of the chaperone-like protein calreticulin for the biological behavior and clinical outcome of cancer
Language English Country Netherlands Media print-electronic
Document type Journal Article, Review, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PubMed
29175313
DOI
10.1016/j.imlet.2017.11.006
PII: S0165-2478(17)30445-5
Knihovny.cz E-resources
- Keywords
- Calreticulin, Cancer, ER stress response, Immunogenic cell death, Prognosis,
- MeSH
- Adenosine Triphosphate metabolism MeSH
- Antigen-Presenting Cells immunology MeSH
- Immunity MeSH
- Interferon Type I metabolism MeSH
- Calreticulin genetics metabolism MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Disease Models, Animal MeSH
- Mice MeSH
- Neoplasms diagnosis metabolism MeSH
- Prognosis MeSH
- HMGB1 Protein genetics metabolism MeSH
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic MeSH
- Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress MeSH
- T-Lymphocytes immunology MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Mice MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Review MeSH
- Names of Substances
- Adenosine Triphosphate MeSH
- Interferon Type I MeSH
- Calreticulin MeSH
- HMGB1 Protein MeSH
The death of cancer cells can be categorized as either immunogenic (ICD) or nonimmunogenic, depending on the initiating stimulus. The immunogenic processes of immunogenic cell death are mainly mediated by damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which include surface exposure of calreticulin (CRT), secretion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), release of non-histone chromatin protein high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and the production of type I interferons (IFNs). DAMPs are recognized by various receptors that are expressed by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and potentiate the presentation of tumor antigens to T lymphocytes. Accumulating evidence indicates that CRT exposure constitutes one of the major checkpoints, that determines the immunogenicity of cell death both in vitro and in vivo in mouse models. Moreover, recent studies have identified CRT expression on tumor cells not only as a marker of ICD and active anti-tumor immune reactions but also as a major predictor of a better prognosis in various cancers. Here, we discuss the recent information on the CRT capacity to activate anticancer immune response as well as its prognostic and predictive role for the clinical outcome in cancer patients.
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