Immunogenic cell death (ICD) refers to an immunologically distinct process of regulated cell death that activates, rather than suppresses, innate and adaptive immune responses. Such responses culminate into T cell-driven immunity against antigens derived from dying cancer cells. The potency of ICD is dependent on the immunogenicity of dying cells as defined by the antigenicity of these cells and their ability to expose immunostimulatory molecules like damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and cytokines like type I interferons (IFNs). Moreover, it is crucial that the host's immune system can adequately detect the antigenicity and adjuvanticity of these dying cells. Over the years, several well-known chemotherapies have been validated as potent ICD inducers, including (but not limited to) anthracyclines, paclitaxels, and oxaliplatin. Such ICD-inducing chemotherapeutic drugs can serve as important combinatorial partners for anti-cancer immunotherapies against highly immuno-resistant tumors. In this Trial Watch, we describe current trends in the preclinical and clinical integration of ICD-inducing chemotherapy in the existing immuno-oncological paradigms.

Cancer Research Insitute Ghent Ghent University Ghent Belgium

Cell Death and Inflammation Unit VIB Ugent Center for Inflammation Research Ghent Belgium

Cell Death Investigation and Therapy Laboratory Department of Human Structure and Repair Ghent University Ghent Belgium

Cell Stress and Immunity Lab Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine KU Leuven Leuven Belgium

Center for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Antwerp University Hospital Antwerp Belgium

Center for Oncological Research University of Antwerp Antwerp Belgium

Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers Equipe Labellisée Par la Liguecontre le Cancer Université de Paris sorbonne Université Inserm U1138 Institut Universitaire de France Paris France

Department Neuroscience Laboratory for Experimental Neurosurgery and Neuroanatomy KU Leuven Leuven Belgium

Department Neurosurgery University Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium

Department of Biology Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou AP HP Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM Paris France

Department of Immunology Charles University 2ndFaculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol Prague Czech Republic

Department of Radiation Oncology GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction Maastricht University Medical Center Maastricht The Netherlands

Department of Radiotherapy Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam The Netherlands

Laboratory of Experimental Oncology Department of Oncology Leuven Cancer Institute KU Leuven Leuven Belgium

Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism KU Leuven Leuven Belgium

Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Department of Oncology Leuven Cancer Institute KU Leuven Leuven Belgium

Leuven Brain Institute KU Leuven Leuven Belgium

Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms Institut Gustave Roussy Cancer Center Université Paris Saclay Villejuif France

Molecular Digestive Oncology Department of Oncology Katholiek Universiteit Leuven Leuven Belgium

Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology Ghent University Ghent Belgium

Sotio Biotech Prague Czech Republic

Tumour Immunology and Immunotherapy of Cancer European Academy of Tumor Immunology Gustave Roussy Cancer Center Inserm Villejuif France

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