The use of membrane-based technologies has been applied for water treatment applications; however, the limitations of conventional polymeric membranes have led to the addition of inorganic fillers to enhance their performance. In recent years, nanocomposite membranes have greatly attracted the attention of scientists for water treatment applications such as wastewater treatment, water purification, removal of microorganisms, chemical compounds, heavy metals, etc. The incorporation of different nanofillers, such as carbon nanotubes, zinc oxide, graphene oxide, silver and copper nanoparticles, titanium dioxide, 2D materials, and some other novel nano-scale materials into polymeric membranes have provided great advances, e.g., enhancing on hydrophilicity, suppressing the accumulation of pollutants and foulants, enhancing rejection efficiencies and improving mechanical properties and thermal stabilities. Thereby, the aim of this work is to provide up-to-date information related to those novel nanocomposite membranes and their contribution for water treatment applications.

Center of Excellence in Desalination Technology King Abdulaziz University P O Box 80200 Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia

Department of Inorganic Technology University of Chemistry and Technology Prague Technická 5 166 28 Prague 6 Czech Republic

Institute on Membrane Technology National Research Council ITM CNR Via P Bucci 17 C 87036 Rende Italy

Mechanical Engineering Department King Abdulaziz University P O Box 80204 Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia

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Tuning of Nano-Based Materials for Embedding Into Low-Permeability Polyimides for a Featured Gas Separation