Anaerobic microorganisms (anaerobes) possess a fascinating metabolic versatility. This characteristic makes anaerobes interesting candidates for physiological studies and utilizable as microbial cell factories. To investigate the physiological characteristics of an anaerobic microbial population, yield, productivity, specific growth rate, biomass production, substrate uptake, and product formation are regarded as essential variables. The determination of those variables in distinct cultivation systems may be achieved by using different techniques for sampling, measuring of growth, substrate uptake, and product formation kinetics. In this review, a comprehensive overview of methods is presented, and the applicability is discussed in the frame of anaerobic microbiology and biotechnology.

Archaea Physiology and Biotechnology Group Archaea Biology and Ecogenomics Division Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology Universität Wien Althanstraße 14 1090 Wien Austria

Institute for Chemical Technology of Organic Materials Johannes Kepler University Linz Linz Austria

Krajete GmbH Linz Austria

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