The choice of embedding media affects image quality, tissue R2* , and susceptibility behaviors in post-mortem brain MR microscopy at 7.0T
Language English Country United States Media print-electronic
Document type Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Grant support
15-25602A
Czech Ministry of Health - International
Q27/LF1
Charles University - International
Q28/LF1;
Charles University - International
CZ.2.16/3.1.00/24509
OPPK - International
1210251
Helmholtz Alliance ICEMED - International
203147/Z/16/Z
Wellcome - International
PubMed
30506939
DOI
10.1002/mrm.27595
Knihovny.cz E-resources
- Keywords
- ex vivo imaging, formaldehyde fixation, post-mortem imaging, quantitative susceptibility mapping, ultra-high field MRI,
- MeSH
- Ethers MeSH
- Fluorocarbons MeSH
- Formaldehyde MeSH
- Phosphates MeSH
- Contrast Media MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging instrumentation methods MeSH
- Brain Mapping methods MeSH
- Brain diagnostic imaging pathology MeSH
- Specimen Handling MeSH
- Deuterium Oxide MeSH
- Autopsy instrumentation methods MeSH
- Image Processing, Computer-Assisted MeSH
- Signal-To-Noise Ratio MeSH
- Sepharose chemistry MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Tissue Embedding instrumentation MeSH
- Check Tag
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Names of Substances
- Ethers MeSH
- Fluorocarbons MeSH
- Formaldehyde MeSH
- Phosphates MeSH
- Contrast Media MeSH
- Deuterium Oxide MeSH
- perfluoropolyether MeSH Browser
- Sepharose MeSH
PURPOSE: The quality and precision of post-mortem MRI microscopy may vary depending on the embedding medium used. To investigate this, our study evaluated the impact of 5 widely used media on: (1) image quality, (2) contrast of high spatial resolution gradient-echo (T1 and T2* -weighted) MR images, (3) effective transverse relaxation rate (R2* ), and (4) quantitative susceptibility measurements (QSM) of post-mortem brain specimens. METHODS: Five formaldehyde-fixed brain slices were scanned using 7.0T MRI in: (1) formaldehyde solution (formalin), (2) phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), (3) deuterium oxide (D2 O), (4) perfluoropolyether (Galden), and (5) agarose gel. SNR and contrast-to-noise ratii (SNR/CNR) were calculated for cortex/white matter (WM) and basal ganglia/WM regions. In addition, median R2* and QSM values were extracted from caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, WM, and cortical regions. RESULTS: PBS, Galden, and agarose returned higher SNR/CNR compared to formalin and D2 O. Formalin fixation, and its use as embedding medium for scanning, increased tissue R2* . Imaging with agarose, D2 O, and Galden returned lower R2* values than PBS (and formalin). No major QSM offsets were observed, although spatial variance was increased (with respect to R2* behaviors) for formalin and agarose. CONCLUSIONS: Embedding media affect gradient-echo image quality, R2* , and QSM in differing ways. In this study, PBS embedding was identified as the most stable experimental setup, although by a small margin. Agarose and Galden were preferred to formalin or D2 O embedding. Formalin significantly increased R2* causing noisier data and increased QSM variance.
Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility Berlin Germany
Department of Biomedical Engineering University Basel Switzerland
Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine Thomayer Hospital Praha Czech Republic
Experimental and Clinical Research Center Berlin Germany
German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Magdeburg Germany
Institute of Neuropathology University Medicine Göttingen Göttingen Germany
Medical Imaging Analysis Center AG Basel Switzerland
NeuroCure Clinical Research Center Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin Germany
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