Oncolytic viruses selectively target and kill cancer cells in an immunogenic fashion, thus supporting the establishment of therapeutically relevant tumor-specific immune responses. In 2015, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the oncolytic herpes simplex virus T-VEC for use in advanced melanoma patients. Since then, a plethora of trials has been initiated to assess the safety and efficacy of multiple oncolytic viruses in patients affected with various malignancies. Here, we summarize recent preclinical and clinical progress in the field of oncolytic virotherapy.

Cancer Therapeutics Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Ottawa ON Canada

Centre for Innovative and Collaborative Health Sciences Research Quality and System Performance IWK Health Centre Halifax NS Canada

Department of Biochemistry Microbiology and Immunology University of Ottawa Ottawa ON Canada

Department of Biology Dalhousie University NS Canada

Department of Immunology 2nd Faculty of Medicine University Hospital Motol Charles University Prague Czech Republic

Department of Microbiology and Immunology Dalhousie University NS Canada

Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine McMaster University Hamilton ON Canada

Department of Pathology Dalhousie University Halifax NS Canada

Department of Radiation Oncology Weill Cornell Medical College New York NY USA

Department of Women's and Children's Health Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden

Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers Paris France

Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute Villejuif France

INSERM Paris France

INSERM Villejuif France

Institute for Infectious Disease Research McMaster University Hamilton ON Canada

McMaster Immunology Research Centre McMaster University Hamilton ON Canada

Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus Villejuif France

Pôle de Biologie Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou Paris France

Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center New York NY USA

Sotio a c Prague Czech Republic

Transgene S A Illkirch Graffenstaden France

Université Paris Descartes Paris 5 Sorbonne Paris Cité Paris France

Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6 Paris France

Zobrazit více v PubMed

Yue C, Jiang Y, Li P, Wang Y, Xue J, Li N, Li D, Wang R, Dang Y, Hu Z, et al. Dynamic change of PD-L1 expression on circulating tumor cells in advanced solid tumor patients undergoing PD-1 blockade therapy. Oncoimmunology. 2018;7:e1438111. doi:10.1080/2162402X.2018.1438111. PubMed DOI PMC

Wu X, Giobbie-Hurder A, Connolly EM, Li J, Liao X, Severgnini M, Zhou J, Rodig S, Hodi FS Anti-CTLA-4 based therapy elicits humoral immunity to galectin-3 in patients with metastatic melanoma. Oncoimmunology. 2018;7:e1440930. doi:10.1080/2162402X.2018.1440930. PubMed DOI PMC

Johnson CB, Win SY.. Combination therapy with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade: an overview of ongoing clinical trials. Oncoimmunology. 2017;7. doi:10.1080/2162402X.2017.1408744. PubMed DOI PMC

Kaderbhai CG, Richard C, Fumet JD, Aarnink A, Ortiz-Cuaran S, Perol M, Foucher P, Coudert B, Favier L, Lagrange A, et al. Response to first line chemotherapy regimen is associated with efficacy of nivolumab in non-small-cell lung cancer. Oncoimmunology. 2017;6:e1339856. doi:10.1080/2162402X.2017.1339856. PubMed DOI PMC

Garg AD, Vandenberk L, Van Woensel M, Belmans J, Schaaf M, Boon L, De Vleeschouwer S, Agostinis P Preclinical efficacy of immune-checkpoint monotherapy does not recapitulate corresponding biomarkers-based clinical predictions in glioblastoma. Oncoimmunology. 2017;6:e1295903. doi:10.1080/2162402X.2017.1295903. PubMed DOI PMC

Galluzzi L, Eggermont A, Kroemer G. Doubling the blockade for melanoma immunotherapy. Oncoimmunology. 2016;5:e1106127. doi:10.1080/2162402X.2015.1106127. PubMed DOI PMC

Jelinek T, Hajek R. PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in multiple myeloma: the present and the future. Oncoimmunology. 2016;5:e1254856. doi:10.1080/2162402X.2016.1254856. PubMed DOI PMC

Rekoske BT, Olson BM, McNeel DG. Antitumor vaccination of prostate cancer patients elicits PD-1/PD-L1 regulated antigen-specific immune responses. Oncoimmunology. 2016;5:e1165377. doi:10.1080/2162402X.2016.1165377. PubMed DOI PMC

Houot R, Gaulard P, Schreiber R, Mellman I, Lambotte O, Coulie PG, Fest T, Korman A, Levy R, Shipp M, et al. Immunomodulatory antibodies for the treatment of lymphoma: report on the CALYM Workshop. Oncoimmunology. 2016;5:e1186323. doi:10.1080/2162402X.2016.1186323. PubMed DOI PMC

Karydis I, Chan PY, Wheater M, Arriola E, Szlosarek PW, Ottensmeier CH. Clinical activity and safety of Pembrolizumab in Ipilimumab pre-treated patients with uveal melanoma. Oncoimmunology. 2016;5:e1143997. doi:10.1080/2162402X.2016.1143997. PubMed DOI PMC

Buque A, Bloy N, Aranda F, Castoldi F, Eggermont A, Cremer I, Fridman WH, Fucikova J, Galon J, Marabelle A, et al. Trial Watch: immunomodulatory monoclonal antibodies for oncological indications. Oncoimmunology. 2015;4:e1008814. doi:10.1080/2162402X.2015.1008371. PubMed DOI PMC

Vanella V, Festino L, Strudel M, Simeone E, Grimaldi AM, Ascierto PA. PD-L1 inhibitors in the pipeline: promise and progress. Oncoimmunology. 2017;7:e1365209. doi:10.1080/2162402X.2017.1365209. PubMed DOI PMC

Vetizou M, Pitt JM, Daillere R, Lepage P, Waldschmitt N, Flament C, Rusakiewicz S, Routy B, Roberti MP, Duong CP, et al. Anticancer immunotherapy by CTLA-4 blockade relies on the gut microbiota. Science. 2015;350:1079–1084. doi:10.1126/science.aad1329. PubMed DOI PMC

Aranda F, Vacchelli E, Eggermont A, Galon J, Fridman WH, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L Trial Watch: immunostimulatory monoclonal antibodies in cancer therapy. Oncoimmunology. 2014;3:e27297. doi:10.4161/onci.27297. PubMed DOI PMC

Galluzzi L, Vacchelli E, Fridman WH, Galon J, Sautes-Fridman C, Tartour E, Zucman-Rossi J, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G Trial Watch: monoclonal antibodies in cancer therapy. Oncoimmunology. 2012;1:28–37. doi:10.4161/onci.1.1.17938. PubMed DOI PMC

Vacchelli E, Pol J, Bloy N, Eggermont A, Cremer I, Fridman WH, Galon J, Marabelle A, Kohrt H, Zitvogel L, et al. Trial watch: tumor-targeting monoclonal antibodies for oncological indications. Oncoimmunology. 2015;4:e985940. doi:10.1080/2162402X.2015.1008371. PubMed DOI PMC

Chaganty BK, Lu Y, Qiu S, Somanchi SS, Lee DA, Fan Z. Trastuzumab upregulates expression of HLA-ABC and T cell costimulatory molecules through engagement of natural killer cells and stimulation of IFNgamma secretion. Oncoimmunology. 2016;5:e1100790. doi:10.1080/2162402X.2015.1100790. PubMed DOI PMC

Vacchelli E, Aranda F, Bloy N, Buque A, Cremer I, Eggermont A, Fridman WH, Fucikova J, Galon J, Spisek R, et al. Trial Watch-Immunostimulation with cytokines in cancer therapy. Oncoimmunology. 2016;5:e1115942. doi:10.1080/2162402X.2015.1115942. PubMed DOI PMC

Galluzzi L, Vitale I, Aaronson SA, Abrams JM, Adam D, Agostinis P, Alnemri ES, Altucci L, Amelio I, Andrews DW, et al. Molecular mechanisms of cell death: recommendations of the nomenclature committee on cell death 2018. Cell Death Differ. 2018;25:486–541. doi:10.1038/s41418-017-0012-4. PubMed DOI PMC

Galluzzi L, Buque A, Kepp O, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G. Immunogenic cell death in cancer and infectious disease. Nat Rev Immunol. 2017;17:97–111. doi:10.1038/nri.2016.107. PubMed DOI

Garg AD, More S, Rufo N, Mece O, Sassano ML, Agostinis P, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L Trial watch: immunogenic cell death induction by anticancer chemotherapeutics. Oncoimmunology. 2017;6:e1386829. doi:10.1080/2162402X.2017.1386829. PubMed DOI PMC

Hanoteau A, Henin C, Svec D, Bisilliat Donnet C, Denanglaire S, Colau D, Romero P, Leo O, Van den Eynde B, Moser M Cyclophosphamide treatment regulates the balance of functional/exhausted tumor-specific CD8(+) T cells. Oncoimmunology. 2017;6:e1318234. doi:10.1080/2162402X.2017.1318234. PubMed DOI PMC

Di Blasio S, Wortel IM, van Bladel DA, de Vries LE, Duiveman-de Boer T, Worah K, de Haas N, Buschow SI, de Vries IJ, Figdor CG, et al. Human CD1c(+) DCs are critical cellular mediators of immune responses induced by immunogenic cell death. Oncoimmunology. 2016;5:e1192739. doi:10.1080/2162402X.2016.1192739. PubMed DOI PMC

van Dodewaard-de Jong JM, Santegoets SJ, van de Ven PM, Versluis J, Verheul HM, de Gruijl TD, Gerritsen WR, van den Eertwegh AJ Improved efficacy of mitoxantrone in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer after vaccination with GM-CSF-transduced allogeneic prostate cancer cells. Oncoimmunology. 2016;5:e1105431. doi:10.1080/2162402X.2015.1105431. PubMed DOI PMC

Galluzzi L, Buque A, Kepp O, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G. Immunological effects of conventional chemotherapy and targeted anticancer agents. Cancer Cell. 2015;28:690–714. doi:10.1016/j.ccell.2015.10.012. PubMed DOI

Pol J, Vacchelli E, Aranda F, Castoldi F, Eggermont A, Cremer I, Sautes-Fridman C, Fucikova J, Galon J, Spisek R, et al. Trial Watch: immunogenic cell death inducers for anticancer chemotherapy. Oncoimmunology. 2015;4:e1008866. doi:10.1080/2162402X.2015.1008371. PubMed DOI PMC

Vacchelli E, Aranda F, Eggermont A, Galon J, Sautes-Fridman C, Cremer I, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L Trial Watch: chemotherapy with immunogenic cell death inducers. Oncoimmunology. 2014;3:e27878. doi:10.4161/onci.27878. PubMed DOI PMC

Martins I, Galluzzi L, Kroemer G. Hormesis, cell death and aging. Aging (Albany NY). 2011;3:821–828. doi:10.18632/aging.100380. PubMed DOI PMC

Zheng PP, Kros JM, Li J. Approved CAR T cell therapies: ice bucket challenges on glaring safety risks and long-term impacts. Drug Discov Today. 2018; 23:1175–1182. doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2018.02.012. PubMed DOI

Galluzzi L, Martin P. CARs on a highway with roadblocks. Oncoimmunology. 2017;6:e1388486. doi:10.1080/2162402X.2017.1388486. PubMed DOI PMC

Berraondo P, Labiano S, Minute L, Etxeberria I, Vasquez M, Sanchez-Arraez A, Teijeira A, Melero I Cellular immunotherapies for cancer. Oncoimmunology. 2017;6:e1306619. doi:10.1080/2162402X.2017.1306619. PubMed DOI PMC

Watanabe N, Bajgain P, Sukumaran S, Ansari S, Heslop HE, Rooney CM, Brenner MK, Leen AM, Vera JF Fine-tuning the CAR spacer improves T-cell potency. Oncoimmunology. 2016;5:e1253656. doi:10.1080/2162402X.2016.1253656. PubMed DOI PMC

Zhang Q, Zhang Z, Peng M, Fu S, Xue Z, Zhang R. CAR-T cell therapy in gastrointestinal tumors and hepatic carcinoma: from bench to bedside. Oncoimmunology. 2016;5:e1251539. doi:10.1080/2162402X.2016.1251539. PubMed DOI PMC

Garcia-Cuesta EM, Esteso G, Ashiru O, Lopez-Cobo S, Alvarez-Maestro M, Linares A, Ho MM, Martinez-Pineiro L, H TR, Vales-Gomez M Characterization of a human anti-tumoral NK cell population expanded after BCG treatment of leukocytes. Oncoimmunology. 2017;6:e1293212. doi:10.1080/2162402X.2017.1293212. PubMed DOI PMC

Qu K, Gu J, Ye Y, Williams SB, Dinney CP, Wu X, Kamat A High baseline levels of interleukin-8 in leukocytes and urine predict tumor recurrence in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer patients receiving bacillus calmette-guerin therapy: A long-term survival analysis. Oncoimmunology. 2017;6:e1265719. doi:10.1080/2162402X.2016.1265719. PubMed DOI PMC

Gulley JL, Mulders P, Albers P, Banchereau J, Bolla M, Pantel K, Powles T Perspectives on sipuleucel-T: its role in the prostate cancer treatment paradigm. Oncoimmunology. 2016;5:e1107698. doi:10.1080/2162402X.2015.1107698. PubMed DOI PMC

Wei XX, Fong L, Small EJ. Prostate Cancer Immunotherapy with Sipuleucel-T: current standards and future directions. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2015;14:1529–1541. doi:10.1586/14760584.2015.1099437. PubMed DOI

Vacchelli E, Vitale I, Eggermont A, Fridman WH, Fucikova J, Cremer I, Galon J, Tartour E, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, et al. Trial watch: dendritic cell-based interventions for cancer therapy. Oncoimmunology. 2013;2:e25771. doi:10.4161/onci.25771. PubMed DOI PMC

Kantoff PW, Higano CS, Shore ND, Berger ER, Small EJ, Penson DF, Redfern CH, Ferrari AC, Dreicer R, Sims RB, et al. Sipuleucel-T immunotherapy for castration-resistant prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2010;363:411–422. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1001294. PubMed DOI

Pol J, Buque A, Aranda F, Bloy N, Cremer I, Eggermont A, Erbs P, Fucikova J, Galon J, Limacher JM, et al. Trial Watch-Oncolytic viruses and cancer therapy. Oncoimmunology. 2016;5:e1117740. doi:10.1080/2162402X.2015.1117740. PubMed DOI PMC

Pol J, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L. First oncolytic virus approved for melanoma immunotherapy. Oncoimmunology. 2016;5:e1115641. doi:10.1080/2162402X.2015.1115641. PubMed DOI PMC

Schmidt C. Oncolytic Virus Approved To Treat Melanoma. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2016;108. PubMed

Ott PA, Hodi FS. Talimogene Laherparepvec for the Treatment of Advanced Melanoma. Clin Cancer Res. 2016;22:3127–3131. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-15-2709. PubMed DOI

Andtbacka RH, Agarwala SS, Ollila DW, Hallmeyer S, Milhem M, Amatruda T, Nemunaitis JJ, Harrington KJ, Chen L, Shilkrut M, et al. Cutaneous head and neck melanoma in OPTiM, a randomized phase 3 trial of talimogene laherparepvec versus granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor for the treatment of unresected stage IIIB/IIIC/IV melanoma. Head Neck. 2016;38:1752–1758. doi:10.1002/hed.24522. PubMed DOI PMC

Andtbacka RH, Kaufman HL, Collichio F, Amatruda T, Senzer N, Chesney J, Delman KA, Spitler LE, Puzanov I, Agarwala SS, et al. Talimogene laherparepvec improves durable response rate in patients with advanced melanoma. J Clin Oncol. 2015;33:2780–2788. doi:10.1200/JCO.2014.58.3377. PubMed DOI

Harrington KJ, Andtbacka RH, Collichio F, Downey G, Chen L, Szabo Z, Kaufman HL Efficacy and safety of talimogene laherparepvec versus granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in patients with stage IIIB/C and IVM1a melanoma: subanalysis of the Phase III OPTiM trial. Onco Targets Ther. 2016;9:7081–7093. doi:10.2147/OTT.S115245. PubMed DOI PMC

Breitbach CJ, Lichty BD, Bell JC. Oncolytic viruses: therapeutics with an identity crisis. EBioMedicine. 2016;9:31–36. doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.06.046. PubMed DOI PMC

Kaufman HL, Kohlhapp FJ, Zloza A. Oncolytic viruses: a new class of immunotherapy drugs. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2015;14:642–662. doi:10.1038/nrd4663. PubMed DOI PMC

Lichty BD, Breitbach CJ, Stojdl DF, Bell JC. Going viral with cancer immunotherapy. Nat Rev Cancer. 2014;14:559–567. doi:10.1038/nrc3770. PubMed DOI

Zhu Z, Gorman MJ, McKenzie LD, Chai JN, Hubert CG, Prager BC, et al. Zika virus has oncolytic activity against glioblastoma stem cells. J Exp Med. 2017;214:2843–2857. doi:10.1084/jem.20171093. PubMed DOI PMC

Cassady KA, Bauer DF, Roth J, Chambers MR, Shoeb T, Coleman J, Prichard M, Gillespie GY, Markert JM Pre-clinical assessment of c134, a chimeric oncolytic herpes simplex virus, in mice and non-human primates. Mol Ther Oncolytics. 2017;5:1–10. doi:10.1016/j.omto.2017.02.001. PubMed DOI PMC

Kuhn I, Bauzon M, Green N, Seymour L, Fisher K, Hermiston T. OvAd1, a novel, potent, and selective chimeric oncolytic virus developed for ovarian cancer by 3D-directed evolution. Mol Ther Oncolytics. 2017;4:55–66. doi:10.1016/j.omto.2016.12.001. PubMed DOI PMC

Deng L, Fan J, Ding Y, Zhang J, Zhou B, Zhang Y, Huang B. Oncolytic efficacy of thymidine kinase-deleted vaccinia virus strain Guang9. Oncotarget. 2017;8:40533–40543. doi:10.18632/oncotarget.17125. PubMed DOI PMC

Zhang T, Essani K. Tanapoxvirus lacking the 15L gene inhibits melanoma cell growth in vitro by inducing interferon-lambda1 release. Virus Genes. 2017;53:477–482. doi:10.1007/s11262-017-1434-2. PubMed DOI

Zhang T, Suryawanshi YR, Kordish DH, Woyczesczyk HM, Jeng D, Essani K. Tanapoxvirus lacking a neuregulin-like gene regresses human melanoma tumors in nude mice. Virus Genes. 2017;53:52–62. doi:10.1007/s11262-016-1402-2. PubMed DOI PMC

Garcia JA, Ferreira HL, Vieira FV, Gameiro R, Andrade AL, Eugenio FR, Flores EF, Cardoso TC Tumour necrosis factor-alpha-induced protein 8 (TNFAIP8) expression associated with cell survival and death in cancer cell lines infected with canine distemper virus. Vet Comp Oncol. 2017;15:336–344. doi:10.1111/vco.12168. PubMed DOI

Ammayappan A, Russell SJ, Federspiel MJ. Recombinant mumps virus as a cancer therapeutic agent. Mol Ther Oncolytics. 2016;3:16019. doi:10.1038/mto.2016.19. PubMed DOI PMC

Bell MP, Pavelko KD. Enhancing the tumor selectivity of a picornavirus virotherapy promotes tumor regression and the accumulation of infiltrating CD8+ T cells. Mol Cancer Ther. 2016;15:523–530. doi:10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-15-0459. PubMed DOI PMC

Nguyen TV, Heller GJ, Barry ME, Crosby CM, Turner MA, Barry MA. Evaluation of polymer shielding for adenovirus serotype 6 (Ad6) for systemic virotherapy against human prostate cancers. Mol Ther Oncolytics. 2016;3. doi:10.1038/mto.2015.21. PubMed DOI PMC

Guerrero CA, Guerrero RA, Silva E, Acosta O, Barreto E. Experimental adaptation of rotaviruses to tumor cell lines. PLoS One. 2016;11:e0147666. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0147666. PubMed DOI PMC

Ruiz AJ, Hadac EM, Nace RA, Russell SJ. MicroRNA-detargeted mengovirus for oncolytic virotherapy. J Virol. 2016;90:4078–4092. doi:10.1128/JVI.02810-15. PubMed DOI PMC

Lin Y, Zhang H, Liang J, Li K, Zhu W, Fu L, Wang F, Zheng X, Shi H, Wu S, et al. Identification and characterization of alphavirus M1 as a selective oncolytic virus targeting ZAP-defective human cancers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014;111:E4504–12. doi:10.1073/pnas.1408759111. PubMed DOI PMC

Kasloff SB, Pizzuto MS, Silic-Benussi M, Pavone S, Ciminale V, Capua I. Oncolytic activity of avian influenza virus in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell lines. J Virol. 2014;88:9321–9334. doi:10.1128/JVI.00929-14. PubMed DOI PMC

Pol JG, Rességuier J, Lichty B. Oncolytic viruses: a step into cancer immunotherapy. Virus Adaptation and Treatment. 2011;2012:1–21.

Howells A, Marelli G, Lemoine NR, Wang Y. Oncolytic viruses-interaction of virus and tumor cells in the battle to eliminate cancer. Front Oncol. 2017;7:195. doi:10.3389/fonc.2017.00195. PubMed DOI PMC

Ilkow CS, Swift SL, Bell JC, Diallo JS. From scourge to cure: tumour-selective viral pathogenesis as a new strategy against cancer. PLoS Pathog. 2014;10:e1003836. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1003836. PubMed DOI PMC

Angelova AL, Geletneky K, Nuesch JP, Rommelaere J. Tumor selectivity of oncolytic parvoviruses: from in vitro and animal models to cancer patients. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2015;3:55. doi:10.3389/fbioe.2015.00055. PubMed DOI PMC

Goldufsky J, Sivendran S, Harcharik S, Pan M, Bernardo S, Stern RH, Friedlander P, Ruby CE, Saenger Y, Kaufman HL. Oncolytic virus therapy for cancer. Oncolytic Virother. 2013;2:31–46. doi:10.2147/OV.S38901. PubMed DOI PMC

Geekiyanage H, Galanis E. MiR-31 and miR-128 regulates poliovirus receptor-related 4 mediated measles virus infectivity in tumors. Mol Oncol. 2016;10:1387–1403. doi:10.1016/j.molonc.2016.07.007. PubMed DOI PMC

Burke J, Nieva J, Borad MJ, Breitbach CJ. Oncolytic viruses: perspectives on clinical development. Curr Opin Virol. 2015;13:55–60. doi:10.1016/j.coviro.2015.03.020. PubMed DOI

Jhawar SR, Thandoni A, Bommareddy PK, Hassan S, Kohlhapp FJ, Goyal S, Schenkel JM, Silk AW, Zloza A Oncolytic viruses-natural and genetically engineered cancer immunotherapies. Front Oncol. 2017;7:202. doi:10.1128/JVI.02154-16. PubMed DOI PMC

van den Pol AN, Mao G, Chattopadhyay A, Rose JK, Davis JN. Chikungunya, Influenza, Nipah, and semliki forest chimeric viruses with vesicular stomatitis virus: actions in the Brain. J Virol. 2017;91. doi:10.3389/fonc.2017.00202 PubMed DOI PMC

Kuznetsova I, Arnold T, Aschacher T, Schwager C, Hegedus B, Garay T, Stukova M, Pisareva M, Pleschka S, Bergmann M, et al. Targeting an oncolytic influenza a virus to tumor tissue by elastase. Mol Ther Oncolytics. 2017;7:37–44. doi:10.1016/j.omto.2017.09.002. PubMed DOI PMC

Petrovic B, Gianni T, Gatta V, Campadelli-Fiume G. Insertion of a ligand to HER2 in gB retargets HSV tropism and obviates the need for activation of the other entry glycoproteins. PLoS Pathog. 2017;13:e1006352. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1006352. PubMed DOI PMC

Campadelli-Fiume G, Petrovic B, Leoni V, Gianni T, Avitabile E, Casiraghi C, Gatta V Retargeting strategies for oncolytic herpes simplex viruses. Viruses. 2016;8:63. doi:10.3390/v8030063. PubMed DOI PMC

Shibata T, Uchida H, Shiroyama T, Okubo Y, Suzuki T, Ikeda H, Yamaguchi M, Miyagawa Y, Fukuhara T, Cohen JB, et al. Development of an oncolytic HSV vector fully retargeted specifically to cellular EpCAM for virus entry and cell-to-cell spread. Gene Ther. 2016;23:479–488. doi:10.1038/gt.2016.17. PubMed DOI

Wang Z, Yu B, Wang B, Yan J, Feng X, Wang L, Zhang H, Wu H, Wu J, Kong W, et al. A novel capsid-modified oncolytic recombinant adenovirus type 5 for tumor-targeting gene therapy by intravenous route. Oncotarget. 2016;7:47287–47301. doi:10.18632/oncotarget.10075. PubMed DOI PMC

Leoni V, Gatta V, Palladini A, Nicoletti G, Ranieri D, Dall'Ora M, Grosso V, Rossi M, Alviano F, Bonsi L, et al. Systemic delivery of HER2-retargeted oncolytic-HSV by mesenchymal stromal cells protects from lung and brain metastases. Oncotarget. 2015;6:34774–34787. doi:10.18632/oncotarget.5793. PubMed DOI PMC

Betancourt D, Ramos JC, Barber GN. Retargeting oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virus to human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1-associated adult T-cell leukemia. J Virol. 2015;89:11786–11800. doi:10.1128/JVI.01356-15. PubMed DOI PMC

Gatta V, Petrovic B, Campadelli-Fiume G. The engineering of a novel ligand in gH confers to HSV an expanded tropism independent of gD activation by its receptors. PLoS Pathog. 2015;11:e1004907. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1004907. PubMed DOI PMC

Sakr HI, Coleman DT, Cardelli JA, Mathis JM. Characterization of an oncolytic adenovirus vector constructed to target the cMet receptor. Oncolytic Virother. 2015;4:119–132. doi:10.2147/OV.S87369. PubMed DOI PMC

Ramachandran M, Yu D, Dyczynski M, Baskaran S, Zhang L, Lulla A, Lulla V, Saul S, Nelander S, Dimberg A, et al. Safe and effective treatment of experimental neuroblastoma and glioblastoma using systemically delivered triple microRNA-detargeted oncolytic semliki forest virus. Clin Cancer Res. 2017;23:1519–1530. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-16-0925. PubMed DOI

Villanueva E, Navarro P, Rovira-Rigau M, Sibilio A, Mendez R, Fillat C. Translational reprogramming in tumour cells can generate oncoselectivity in viral therapies. Nat Commun. 2017;8:14833. doi:10.1038/ncomms14833. PubMed DOI PMC

Machitani M, Sakurai F, Wakabayashi K, Tachibana M, Fujiwara T, Mizuguchi H. Enhanced oncolytic activities of the telomerase-specific replication-competent adenovirus expressing short-hairpin RNA against dicer. Mol Cancer Ther. 2017;16:251–259. doi:10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-16-0383. PubMed DOI

Futami M, Sato K, Miyazaki K, Suzuki K, Nakamura T, Tojo A. Efficacy and safety of doubly-regulated vaccinia virus in a mouse xenograft model of multiple myeloma. Mol Ther Oncolytics. 2017;6:57–68. doi:10.1016/j.omto.2017.07.001. PubMed DOI PMC

Li X, Su Y, Sun B, Ji W, Peng Z, Xu Y, Wu M, Su C An artificially designed interfering lncrna expressed by oncolytic adenovirus competitively consumes oncomirs to exert antitumor efficacy in hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Cancer Ther. 2016;15:1436–1451. doi:10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-16-0096. PubMed DOI

Takehara K, Tazawa H, Okada N, Hashimoto Y, Kikuchi S, Kuroda S, Kishimoto H, Shirakawa Y, Narii N, Mizuguchi H, et al. Targeted photodynamic virotherapy armed with a genetically encoded photosensitizer. Mol Cancer Ther. 2016;15:199–208. doi:10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-15-0344. PubMed DOI

Lei W, Wang S, Yang C, Huang X, Chen Z, He W, Shen J, Liu X, Qian W Combined expression of miR-34a and Smac mediated by oncolytic vaccinia virus synergistically promote anti-tumor effects in multiple myeloma. Sci Rep. 2016;6:32174. doi:10.1038/srep32174. PubMed DOI PMC

Zhang KX, Matsui Y, Lee C, Osamu O, Skinner L, Wang J, So A, Rennie PS, Jia WW Intravesical treatment of advanced urothelial bladder cancers with oncolytic HSV-1 co-regulated by differentially expressed microRNAs. Gene Ther. 2016;23:460–468. doi:10.1038/gt.2016.18. PubMed DOI

Delwar ZM, Liu G, Kuo Y, Lee C, Bu L, Rennie PS, Jia WW Tumour-specific triple-regulated oncolytic herpes virus to target glioma. Oncotarget. 2016;7:28658–28669. doi:10.18632/oncotarget.8637. PubMed DOI PMC

Ruiz AJ, Russell SJ. MicroRNAs and oncolytic viruses. Curr Opin Virol. 2015;13:40–48. doi:10.1016/j.coviro.2015.03.007. PubMed DOI

Su BH, Shieh GS, Tseng YL, Shiau AL, Wu CL. Etoposide enhances antitumor efficacy of MDR1-driven oncolytic adenovirus through autoupregulation of the MDR1 promoter activity. Oncotarget. 2015;6:38308–38326. doi:10.18632/oncotarget.5702. PubMed DOI PMC

Baertsch MA, Leber MF, Bossow S, Singh M, Engeland CE, Albert J, Grossardt C, Jager D, von Kalle C, Ungerechts G MicroRNA-mediated multi-tissue detargeting of oncolytic measles virus. Cancer Gene Ther. 2014;21:373–380. doi:10.1038/cgt.2014.40. PubMed DOI

Takagi-Kimura M, Yamano T, Tagawa M, Kubo S. Oncolytic virotherapy for osteosarcoma using midkine promoter-regulated adenoviruses. Cancer Gene Ther. 2014;21:126–132. doi:10.1038/cgt.2014.7. PubMed DOI

Ylosmaki E, Martikainen M, Hinkkanen A, Saksela K. Attenuation of semliki forest virus neurovirulence by microRNA-mediated detargeting. J Virol. 2013;87:335–344. doi:10.1128/JVI.01940-12. PubMed DOI PMC

Zhou X, Xie G, Wang S, Wang Y, Zhang K, Zheng S, Chu L, Xiao L, Yu Y, Zhang Y, et al. Potent and specific antitumor effect for colorectal cancer by CEA and Rb double regulated oncolytic adenovirus harboring ST13 gene. PLoS One. 2012;7:e47566. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0047566. PubMed DOI PMC

Dai B, Roife D, Kang Y, Gumin J, Rios Perez MV, Li X, Pratt M, Brekken RA, Fueyo-Margareto J, Lang FF, et al. Preclinical evaluation of sequential combination of oncolytic adenovirus delta-24-RGD and phosphatidylserine-targeting antibody in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Mol Cancer Ther. 2017;16:662–670. doi:10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-16-0526. PubMed DOI PMC

Pantelidou C, Cherubini G, Lemoine NR, Hallden G. The E1B19K-deleted oncolytic adenovirus mutant AdDelta19K sensitizes pancreatic cancer cells to drug-induced DNA-damage by down-regulating Claspin and Mre11. Oncotarget. 2016;7:15703–15724. doi:10.18632/oncotarget.7310. PubMed DOI PMC

LaRocca CJ, Han J, Salzwedel AO, Davydova J, Herzberg MC, Gopalakrishnan R, Yamamoto M Oncolytic adenoviruses targeted to human papilloma virus-positive head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Oral Oncol. 2016;56:25–31. doi:10.1016/j.oraloncology.2016.02.014. PubMed DOI PMC

Mansour M, Palese P, Zamarin D. Oncolytic specificity of newcastle disease virus is mediated by selectivity for apoptosis-resistant cells. J Virol. 2011;85:6015–6023. doi:10.1128/JVI.01537-10. PubMed DOI PMC

Breitbach CJ, Burke J, Jonker D, Stephenson J, Haas AR, Chow LQ, Nieva J, Hwang TH, Moon A, Patt R, et al. Intravenous delivery of a multi-mechanistic cancer-targeted oncolytic poxvirus in humans. Nature. 2011;477:99–102. doi:10.1038/nature10358. PubMed DOI

Brun J, McManus D, Lefebvre C, Hu K, Falls T, Atkins H, Bell JC, McCart JA, Mahoney D, Stojdl DF Identification of genetically modified Maraba virus as an oncolytic rhabdovirus. Mol Ther. 2010;18:1440–1449. doi:10.1038/mt.2010.103. PubMed DOI PMC

Stojdl DF, Lichty BD, tenOever BR, Paterson JM, Power AT, Knowles S, Marius R, Reynard J, Poliquin L, Atkins H, et al. VSV strains with defects in their ability to shutdown innate immunity are potent systemic anti-cancer agents. Cancer Cell. 2003;4:263–275. PubMed

Varghese S, Rabkin SD. Oncolytic herpes simplex virus vectors for cancer virotherapy. Cancer Gene Ther. 2002;9:967–978. doi:10.1038/sj.cgt.7700537. PubMed DOI

Mineta T, Rabkin SD, Yazaki T, Hunter WD, Martuza RL. Attenuated multi-mutated herpes simplex virus-1 for the treatment of malignant gliomas. Nat Med. 1995;1:938–943. PubMed

Galluzzi L, Vanpouille-Box C, Bakhoum SF, Demaria S. SnapShot: CGAS-STING Signaling. Cell. 2018;173:276- e1. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2018.03.015. PubMed DOI

Ying L, Cheng H, Xiong XW, Yuan L, Peng ZH, Wen ZW, Ka LJ, Xiao X, Jing C, Qian TY, et al. Interferon alpha antagonizes the anti-hepatoma activity of the oncolytic virus M1 by stimulating anti-viral immunity. Oncotarget. 2017;8:24694–24705. doi:10.18632/oncotarget.15788. PubMed DOI PMC

Xia T, Konno H, Barber GN. Recurrent loss of STING signaling in melanoma correlates with susceptibility to viral oncolysis. Cancer Res. 2016;76:6747–6759. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-16-1404. PubMed DOI

Xia T, Konno H, Ahn J, Barber GN. Deregulation of STING signaling in colorectal carcinoma constrains DNA damage responses and correlates with tumorigenesis. Cell Rep. 2016;14:282–297. doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2015.12.029. PubMed DOI PMC

Danziger O, Shai B, Sabo Y, Bacharach E, Ehrlich M. Combined genetic and epigenetic interferences with interferon signaling expose prostate cancer cells to viral infection. Oncotarget. 2016;7:52115–52134. doi:10.18632/oncotarget.10313. PubMed DOI PMC

Naik S, Russell SJ. Engineering oncolytic viruses to exploit tumor specific defects in innate immune signaling pathways. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2009;9:1163–1176. doi:10.1517/14712590903170653. PubMed DOI

Kohlhapp FJ, Kaufman HL. Molecular pathways: mechanism of action for talimogene laherparepvec, a new oncolytic virus immunotherapy. Clin Cancer Res. 2016;22:1048–1054. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-15-2667. PubMed DOI

Li Y, Zhang C, Chen X, Yu J, Wang Y, Yang Y, Du M, Jin H, Ma Y, He B, et al. ICP34.5 protein of herpes simplex virus facilitates the initiation of protein translation by bridging eukaryotic initiation factor 2alpha (eIF2alpha) and protein phosphatase 1. J Biol Chem. 2011;286:24785–24792. doi:10.1074/jbc.M111.232439. PubMed DOI PMC

Goldsmith K, Chen W, Johnson DC, Hendricks RL. Infected cell protein (ICP)47 enhances herpes simplex virus neurovirulence by blocking the CD8+ T cell response. J Exp Med. 1998;187:341–348. PubMed PMC

Jacobson BA, Sadiq AA, Tang S, Jay-Dixon J, Patel MR, Drees J, Sorenson BS, Russell SJ, Kratzke RA Cap-dependent translational control of oncolytic measles virus infection in malignant mesothelioma. Oncotarget. 2017;8:63096–63109. doi:10.18632/oncotarget.18656. PubMed DOI PMC

Liao Y, Wang HX, Mao X, Fang H, Wang H, Li Y, Sun Y, Meng C, Tan L, Song C, et al. RIP1 is a central signaling protein in regulation of TNF-alpha/TRAIL mediated apoptosis and necroptosis during newcastle disease virus infection. Oncotarget. 2017;8:43201–43217. doi:10.18632/oncotarget.17970. PubMed DOI PMC

Garant KA, Shmulevitz M, Pan L, Daigle RM, Ahn DG, Gujar SA, Lee PW Oncolytic reovirus induces intracellular redistribution of Ras to promote apoptosis and progeny virus release. Oncogene. 2016;35:771–782. doi:10.1038/onc.2015.136. PubMed DOI

McEntee G, Kyula JN, Mansfield D, Smith H, Wilkinson M, Gregory C, Roulstone V, Coffey M, Harrington KJ Enhanced cytotoxicity of reovirus and radiotherapy in melanoma cells is mediated through increased viral replication and mitochondrial apoptotic signalling. Oncotarget. 2016;7:48517–48532. doi:10.18632/oncotarget.10365. PubMed DOI PMC

Naik S, Galyon GD, Jenks NJ, Steele MB, Miller AC, Allstadt SD, Suksanpaisan L, Peng KW, Federspiel MJ, Russell SJ, et al. Comparative oncology evaluation of intravenous recombinant oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virus therapy in spontaneous canine cancer. Mol Cancer Ther. 2017;17:316–326. PubMed PMC

Dobson CC, Naing T, Beug ST, Faye MD, Chabot J, St-Jean M, Walker DE, LaCasse EC, Stojdl DF, Korneluk RG, et al. Oncolytic virus synergizes with Smac mimetic compounds to induce rhabdomyosarcoma cell death in a syngeneic murine model. Oncotarget. 2017;8:3495–3508. doi:10.18632/oncotarget.13849. PubMed DOI PMC

Jahan N, Lee JM, Shah K, Wakimoto H. Therapeutic targeting of chemoresistant and recurrent glioblastoma stem cells with a proapoptotic variant of oncolytic herpes simplex virus. Int J Cancer. 2017;141:1671–1681. doi:10.1002/ijc.30811. PubMed DOI PMC

Tan Y, Lin Y, Li K, Xiao X, Liang J, Cai J, Guo L, Li C, Zhu W, Xing F, et al. Selective Antagonism of Bcl-xL potentiates M1 oncolysis by enhancing mitochondrial apoptosis. Hum Gene Ther. 2017. doi:10.1089/hum.2017.055. PubMed DOI

Binz E, Berchtold S, Beil J, Schell M, Geisler C, Smirnow I, Lauer UM Chemovirotherapy of pancreatic adenocarcinoma by combining oncolytic vaccinia virus GLV-1h68 with nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine. Mol Ther Oncolytics. 2017;6:10–21. doi:10.1016/j.omto.2017.04.001. PubMed DOI PMC

Bressy C, Hastie E, Grdzelishvili VZ. Combining oncolytic virotherapy with p53 tumor suppressor gene therapy. Mol Ther Oncolytics. 2017;5:20–40. doi:10.1016/j.omto.2017.03.002. PubMed DOI PMC

Le Boeuf F, Gebremeskel S, McMullen N, He H, Greenshields AL, Hoskin DW, Bell JC, Johnston B, Pan C, Duncan R Reovirus FAST protein enhances vesicular stomatitis virus oncolytic virotherapy in primary and metastatic tumor models. Mol Ther Oncolytics. 2017;6:80–89. doi:10.1016/j.omto.2017.08.001. PubMed DOI PMC

Kim DS, Dastidar H, Zhang C, Zemp FJ, Lau K, Ernst M, Rakic A, Sikdar S, Rajwani J, Naumenko V, et al. Smac mimetics and oncolytic viruses synergize in driving anticancer T-cell responses through complementary mechanisms. Nat Commun. 2017;8:344. doi:10.1038/s41467-017-00324-x. PubMed DOI PMC

Currier MA, Sprague L, Rizvi TA, Nartker B, Chen CY, Wang PY, Hutzen BJ, Franczek MR, Patel AV, Chaney KE, et al. Aurora A kinase inhibition enhances oncolytic herpes virotherapy through cytotoxic synergy and innate cellular immune modulation. Oncotarget. 2017;8:17412–17427. doi:10.18632/oncotarget.14885. PubMed DOI PMC

Fend L, Yamazaki T, Remy C, Fahrner C, Gantzer M, Nourtier V, Preville X, Quemeneur E, Kepp O, Adam J, et al. Immune checkpoint blockade, immunogenic chemotherapy or ifn-alpha blockade boost the local and abscopal effects of oncolytic virotherapy. Cancer Res. 2017;77:4146–4157. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-16-2165. PubMed DOI

Fend L, Remy-Ziller C, Foloppe J, Kempf J, Cochin S, Barraud L, Accart N, Erbs P, Fournel S, Preville X. Oncolytic virotherapy with an armed vaccinia virus in an orthotopic model of renal carcinoma is associated with modification of the tumor microenvironment. Oncoimmunology. 2016;5:e1080414. doi:10.1080/2162402X.2015.1080414. PubMed DOI PMC

Wilkinson MJ, Smith HG, McEntee G, Kyula-Currie J, Pencavel TD, Mansfield DC, Khan AA, Roulstone V, Hayes AJ, Harrington KJ Oncolytic vaccinia virus combined with radiotherapy induces apoptotic cell death in sarcoma cells by down-regulating the inhibitors of apoptosis. Oncotarget. 2016;7:81208–81222. doi:10.18632/oncotarget.12820. PubMed DOI PMC

Pisklakova A, McKenzie B, Zemp F, Lun X, Kenchappa RS, Etame AB, Rahman MM, Reilly K, Pilon-Thomas S, McFadden G, et al. M011L-deficient oncolytic myxoma virus induces apoptosis in brain tumor-initiating cells and enhances survival in a novel immunocompetent mouse model of glioblastoma. Neuro Oncol. 2016; doi:10.1093/neuonc/now006. PubMed DOI PMC

Ashshi AM, El-Shemi AG, Dmitriev IP, Kashentseva EA, Curiel DT. Combinatorial strategies based on CRAd-IL24 and CRAd-ING4 virotherapy with anti-angiogenesis treatment for ovarian cancer. J Ovarian Res. 2016;9:38. doi:10.1186/s13048-016-0248-5. PubMed DOI PMC

Yoo JY, Jaime-Ramirez AC, Bolyard C, Dai H, Nallanagulagari T, Wojton J, Hurwitz BS, Relation T, Lee TJ, Lotze MT, et al. Bortezomib treatment sensitizes oncolytic HSV-1-treated tumors to NK cell immunotherapy. Clin Cancer Res. 2016;22:5265–5276. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-16-1003. PubMed DOI PMC

Mansfield DC, Kyula JN, Rosenfelder N, Chao-Chu J, Kramer-Marek G, Khan AA, Roulstone V, McLaughlin M, Melcher AA, Vile RG, et al. Oncolytic vaccinia virus as a vector for therapeutic sodium iodide symporter gene therapy in prostate cancer. Gene Ther. 2016;23:357–368. doi:10.1038/gt.2016.5. PubMed DOI PMC

Garofalo M, Iovine B, Kuryk L, Capasso C, Hirvinen M, Vitale A, Yliperttula M, Bevilacqua MA, Cerullo V Oncolytic adenovirus loaded with l-carnosine as novel strategy to enhance the antitumor activity. Mol Cancer Ther. 2016;15:651–660. doi:10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-15-0559. PubMed DOI

Al-Shammari AM, Rameez H, Al-Taee MF. Newcastle disease virus, rituximab, and doxorubicin combination as anti-hematological malignancy therapy. Oncolytic Virother. 2016;5:27–34. doi:10.2147/OV.S95250. PubMed DOI PMC

Osaki S, Tazawa H, Hasei J, Yamakawa Y, Omori T, Sugiu K, Komatsubara T, Fujiwara T, Sasaki T, Kunisada T, et al. Ablation of MCL1 expression by virally induced microRNA-29 reverses chemoresistance in human osteosarcomas. Sci Rep. 2016;6:28953. doi:10.1038/srep28953. PubMed DOI PMC

Yang Y, Xu W, Neill T, Hu Z, Wang CH, Xiao X, Stock SR, Guise T, Yun CO, Brendler CB, et al. Systemic delivery of an oncolytic adenovirus expressing decorin for the treatment of breast cancer bone metastases. Hum Gene Ther. 2015;26:813–825. doi:10.1089/hum.2015.098. PubMed DOI PMC

Patel MR, Jacobson BA, Ji Y, Drees J, Tang S, Xiong K, Wang H, Prigge JE, Dash AS, Kratzke AK, et al. Vesicular stomatitis virus expressing interferon-beta is oncolytic and promotes antitumor immune responses in a syngeneic murine model of non-small cell lung cancer. Oncotarget. 2015;6:33165–33177. doi:10.18632/oncotarget.5320. PubMed DOI PMC

Fukuhara H, Ino Y, Todo T. Oncolytic virus therapy: A new era of cancer treatment at dawn. Cancer Sci. 2016;107:1373–1379. doi:10.1111/cas.13027. PubMed DOI PMC

Taipale K, Liikanen I, Juhila J, Turkki R, Tahtinen S, Kankainen M, Vassilev L, Ristimaki A, Koski A, Kanerva A, et al. Chronic activation of innate immunity correlates with poor prognosis in cancer patients treated with oncolytic adenovirus. Mol Ther. 2016;24:175–183. doi:10.1038/mt.2015.143. PubMed DOI PMC

Holl EK, Brown MC, Boczkowski D, McNamara MA, George DJ, Bigner DD, Gromeier M, Nair SK Recombinant oncolytic poliovirus, PVSRIPO, has potent cytotoxic and innate inflammatory effects, mediating therapy in human breast and prostate cancer xenograft models. Oncotarget. 2016;7:79828–79841. doi:10.18632/oncotarget.12975. PubMed DOI PMC

Prestwich RJ, Harrington KJ, Pandha HS, Vile RG, Melcher AA, Errington F. Oncolytic viruses: a novel form of immunotherapy. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 2008;8:1581–1588. doi:10.1586/14737140.8.10.1581. PubMed DOI PMC

Rojas JJ, Sampath P, Bonilla B, Ashley A, Hou W, Byrd D, Thorne SH Manipulating TLR signaling increases the anti-tumor T cell response induced by viral cancer therapies. Cell Rep. 2016;15:264–273. doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2016.03.017. PubMed DOI PMC

Nosaki K, Hamada K, Takashima Y, Sagara M, Matsumura Y, Miyamoto S, Hijikata Y, Okazaki T, Nakanishi Y, Tani K A novel, polymer-coated oncolytic measles virus overcomes immune suppression and induces robust antitumor activity. Mol Ther Oncolytics. 2016;3:16022. doi:10.1038/mto.2016.22. PubMed DOI PMC

Martinez-Velez N, Xipell E, Vera B, Acanda de la Rocha A, Zalacain M, Marrodan L, Gonzalez-Huarriz M, Toledo G, Cascallo M, Alemany R, et al. The oncolytic adenovirus VCN-01 as therapeutic approach against pediatric osteosarcoma. Clin Cancer Res. 2016;22:2217–2225. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-15-1899. PubMed DOI

Du W, Seah I, Bougazzoul O, Choi G, Meeth K, Bosenberg MW, Wakimoto H, Fisher D, Shah K Stem cell-released oncolytic herpes simplex virus has therapeutic efficacy in brain metastatic melanomas. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017;114:E6157–E65. doi:10.1073/pnas.1700363114. PubMed DOI PMC

Kaczorowski A, Hammer K, Liu L, Villhauer S, Nwaeburu C, Fan P, Zhao Z, Gladkich J, Gross W, Nettelbeck DM, et al. Delivery of improved oncolytic adenoviruses by mesenchymal stromal cells for elimination of tumorigenic pancreatic cancer cells. Oncotarget. 2016;7:9046–9059. doi:10.18632/oncotarget.7031. PubMed DOI PMC

Melen GJ, Franco-Luzon L, Ruano D, Gonzalez-Murillo A, Alfranca A, Casco F, Lassaletta A, Alonso M, Madero L, Alemany R, et al. Influence of carrier cells on the clinical outcome of children with neuroblastoma treated with high dose of oncolytic adenovirus delivered in mesenchymal stem cells. Cancer Lett. 2016;371:161–170. doi:10.1016/j.canlet.2015.11.036. PubMed DOI

Yuan X, Zhang Q, Li Z, Zhang X, Bao S, Fan D, Ru Y, Dong S, Zhang Y, Ye Z, et al. Mesenchymal stem cells deliver and release conditionally replicative adenovirus depending on hepatic differentiation to eliminate hepatocellular carcinoma cells specifically. Cancer Lett. 2016;381:85–95. doi:10.1016/j.canlet.2016.07.019. PubMed DOI

Bauer DF, Pereboeva L, Gillespie GY, Cloud GA, Elzafarany O, Langford C, Markert JM, Lamb LS, Jr Effect of HSV-IL12 loaded tumor cell-based vaccination in a mouse model of high-grade neuroblastoma. J Immunol Res. 2016;2016:2568125. doi:10.1155/2016/2568125. PubMed DOI PMC

Kazimirsky G, Jiang W, Slavin S, Ziv-Av A, Brodie C. Mesenchymal stem cells enhance the oncolytic effect of newcastle disease virus in glioma cells and glioma stem cells via the secretion of TRAIL. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2016;7:149. doi:10.1186/s13287-016-0414-0. PubMed DOI PMC

Dold C, Rodriguez Urbiola C, Wollmann G, Egerer L, Muik A, Bellmann L, Fiegl H, Marth C, Kimpel J, von Laer D Application of interferon modulators to overcome partial resistance of human ovarian cancers to VSV-GP oncolytic viral therapy. Mol Ther Oncolytics. 2016;3:16021. doi:10.1038/mto.2016.21. PubMed DOI PMC

Li K, Liang J, Lin Y, Zhang H, Xiao X, Tan Y, Cai J, Zhu W, Xing F, Hu J, et al. A classical PKA inhibitor increases the oncolytic effect of M1 virus via activation of exchange protein directly activated by cAMP 1. Oncotarget. 2016;7:48443–48455. doi:10.18632/oncotarget.10305. PubMed DOI PMC

Evgin L, Ilkow CS, Bourgeois-Daigneault MC, de Souza CT, Stubbert L, Huh MS, Jennings VA, Marguerie M, Acuna SA, Keller BA, et al. Complement inhibition enables tumor delivery of LCMV glycoprotein pseudotyped viruses in the presence of antiviral antibodies. Mol Ther Oncolytics. 2016;3:16027. doi:10.1038/mto.2016.27. PubMed DOI PMC

Jaime-Ramirez AC, Yu JG, Caserta E, Yoo JY, Zhang J, Lee TJ, Hofmeister C, Lee JH, Kumar B, Pan Q, et al. Reolysin and histone deacetylase inhibition in the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Ther Oncolytics. 2017;5:87–96. doi:10.1016/j.omto.2017.05.002. PubMed DOI PMC

Stiff A, Caserta E, Sborov DW, Nuovo GJ, Mo X, Schlotter SY, Canella A, Smith E, Badway J, Old M, et al. Histone deacetylase inhibitors enhance the therapeutic potential of reovirus in multiple myeloma. Mol Cancer Ther. 2016;15:830–841. doi:10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-15-0240-T. PubMed DOI PMC

Han J, Chen X, Chu J, Xu B, Meisen WH, Chen L, Zhang L, Zhang J, He X, Wang QE, et al. TGFbeta treatment enhances glioblastoma virotherapy by inhibiting the innate immune response. Cancer Res. 2015;75:5273–5282. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-15-0894. PubMed DOI PMC

Chard LS, Maniati E, Wang P, Zhang Z, Gao D, Wang J, Cao F, Ahmed J, El Khouri M, Hughes J, et al. A vaccinia virus armed with interleukin-10 is a promising therapeutic agent for treatment of murine pancreatic cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2015;21:405–416. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-14-0464. PubMed DOI

Pease DF, Kratzke RA. Oncolytic viral therapy for mesothelioma. Front Oncol. 2017;7:179. doi:10.3389/fonc.2017.00179. PubMed DOI PMC

Rehman H, Silk AW, Kane MP, Kaufman HL. Into the clinic: talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC), a first-in-class intratumoral oncolytic viral therapy. J Immunother Cancer. 2016;4:53. doi:10.1186/s40425-016-0158-5. PubMed DOI PMC

Sze DY, Reid TR, Rose SC. Oncolytic virotherapy. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2013;24:1115–1122. doi:10.1016/j.jvir.2013.05.040. PubMed DOI

Ferguson MS, Lemoine NR, Wang Y. Systemic delivery of oncolytic viruses: hopes and hurdles. Adv Virol. 2012;2012:805629. doi:10.1155/2012/805629. PubMed DOI PMC

Jung KH, Choi IK, Lee HS, Yan HH, Son MK, Ahn HM, Hong J, Yun CO, Hong SS Oncolytic adenovirus expressing relaxin (YDC002) enhances therapeutic efficacy of gemcitabine against pancreatic cancer. Cancer Lett. 2017;396:155–166. doi:10.1016/j.canlet.2017.03.009. PubMed DOI

Yumul R, Richter M, Lu ZZ, Saydaminova K, Wang H, Wang CH, Carter D, Lieber A Epithelial junction opener improves oncolytic adenovirus therapy in mouse tumor models. Hum Gene Ther. 2016;27:325–337. doi:10.1089/hum.2016.022. PubMed DOI PMC

Tedcastle A, Illingworth S, Brown A, Seymour LW, Fisher KD. Actin-resistant DNAse I expression from oncolytic adenovirus enadenotucirev enhances its intratumoral spread and reduces tumor growth. Mol Ther. 2016;24:796–804. doi:10.1038/mt.2015.233. PubMed DOI PMC

Kim M, Nitschke M, Sennino B, Murer P, Schriver BJ, Bell AM, Subramanian A, McDonald CE, Wang J, Cha H, et al. Amplification of oncolytic vaccinia virus widespread tumor cell killing by sunitinib through multiple mechanisms. Cancer Res. 2017;78:922–937. PubMed PMC

Arulanandam R, Batenchuk C, Angarita FA, Ottolino-Perry K, Cousineau S, Mottashed A, et al. VEGF-Mediated Induction of PRD1-BF1/Blimp1 expression sensitizes tumor vasculature to oncolytic virus infection. Cancer Cell. 2015;28:210–224. doi:10.1016/j.ccell.2015.06.009. PubMed DOI

Hou W, Chen H, Rojas J, Sampath P, Thorne SH. Oncolytic vaccinia virus demonstrates antiangiogenic effects mediated by targeting of VEGF. Int J Cancer. 2014;135:1238–1246. doi:10.1002/ijc.28747. PubMed DOI PMC

Breitbach CJ, Arulanandam R, De Silva N, Thorne SH, Patt R, Daneshmand M, Moon A, Ilkow C, Burke J, Hwang TH, et al. Oncolytic vaccinia virus disrupts tumor-associated vasculature in humans. Cancer Res. 2013;73:1265–1275. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-12-2687. PubMed DOI

Breitbach CJ, De Silva NS, Falls TJ, Aladl U, Evgin L, Paterson J, Sun YY, Roy DG, Rintoul JL, Daneshmand M, et al. Targeting tumor vasculature with an oncolytic virus. Mol Ther. 2011;19:886–894. doi:10.1038/mt.2011.26. PubMed DOI PMC

Bolyard C, Meisen WH, Banasavadi-Siddegowda Y, Hardcastle J, Yoo JY, Wohleb ES, Wojton J, Yu JG, Dubin S, Khosla M, et al. BAI1 orchestrates macrophage inflammatory response to HSV infection-implications for oncolytic viral therapy. Clin Cancer Res. 2017;23:1809–1819. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-16-1818. PubMed DOI PMC

Toro Bejarano M, Merchan JR. Targeting tumor vasculature through oncolytic virotherapy: recent advances. Oncolytic Virother. 2015;4:169–181. doi:10.2147/OV.S66045. PubMed DOI PMC

Gujar S, Pol JG, Kim Y, Lee PW, Kroemer G. Antitumor benefits of antiviral immunity: an underappreciated aspect of oncolytic virotherapies. Trends Immunol. 2017. PubMed

Aurelian L. Oncolytic viruses as immunotherapy: progress and remaining challenges. Onco Targets Ther. 2016;9:2627–2637. doi:10.2147/OTT.S63049. PubMed DOI PMC

Delaunay T, Violland M, Boisgerault N, Dutoit S, Vignard V, Munz C, Gannage M, Dreno B, Vaivode K, Pjanova D, et al. Oncolytic viruses sensitize human tumor cells for NY-ESO-1 tumor antigen recognition by CD4+ effector T cells. Oncoimmunology. 2018;7:e1407897. doi:10.1080/2162402X.2017.1407897. PubMed DOI PMC

van Vloten JP, Workenhe ST, Wootton SK, Mossman KL, Bridle BW. Critical interactions between immunogenic cancer cell death, oncolytic viruses, and the immune system define the rational design of combination immunotherapies. J Immunol. 2018;200:450–458. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1701021. PubMed DOI

De Munck J, Binks A, McNeish IA, Aerts JL. Oncolytic virus-induced cell death and immunity: a match made in heaven? J Leukoc Biol. 2017;102:631–643. doi:10.1189/jlb.5RU0117-040R. PubMed DOI

Dyer A, Di Y, Calderon H, Illingworth S, Kueberuwa G, Tedcastle A, Jakeman P, Chia SL, Brown A, Silva MA, et al. Oncolytic group B adenovirus enadenotucirev mediates non-apoptotic cell death with membrane disruption and release of inflammatory mediators. Mol Ther Oncolytics. 2017;4:18–30. doi:10.1016/j.omto.2016.11.003. PubMed DOI PMC

Delaunay T, Violland M, Boisgerault N, Dutoit S, Vignard V, Münz C, et al. Oncolytic viruses sensitize human tumor cells for NY-ESO-1 tumor antigen recognition by CD4+ effector T cells. Oncoimmunology. 2017. PubMed PMC

Workenhe ST, Mossman KL. Oncolytic virotherapy and immunogenic cancer cell death: sharpening the sword for improved cancer treatment strategies. Mol Ther. 2014;22:251–256. doi:10.1038/mt.2013.220. PubMed DOI PMC

Kepp O, Senovilla L, Vitale I, Vacchelli E, Adjemian S, Agostinis P, Apetoh L, Aranda F, Barnaba V, Bloy N, et al. Consensus guidelines for the detection of immunogenic cell death. Oncoimmunology. 2014;3:e955691. doi:10.4161/21624011.2014.955691. PubMed DOI PMC

Cauwels A, Van Lint S, Garcin G, Bultinck J, Paul F, Gerlo S, Van der Heyden J, Bordat Y, Catteeuw D, De Cauwer L, et al. A safe and highly efficient tumor-targeted type I interferon immunotherapy depends on the tumor microenvironment. Oncoimmunology. 2017;7:e1398876. PubMed PMC

Riganti C, Lingua MF, Salaroglio IC, Falcomatà C, Righi L, Morena D, Picca F, Oddo D, Kopecka J, Pradotto M, et al. Bromodomain inhibition exerts its therapeutic potential in malignant pleural mesothelioma by promoting immunogenic cell death and changing the tumor immune-environment. Oncoimmunology. 2017;e1398874. PubMed PMC

Showalter A, Limaye A, Oyer JL, Igarashi R, Kittipatarin C, Copik AJ, Khaled AR Cytokines in immunogenic cell death: applications for cancer immunotherapy. Cytokine. 2017;97:123–132. doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2017.05.024. PubMed DOI PMC

Galluzzi L, Kroemer G. Calreticulin and type I interferon: an unsuspected connection. Oncoimmunology. 2017;6:e1288334. doi:10.1080/2162402X.2017.1288334. PubMed DOI PMC

Bourgeois-Daigneault MC, Roy DG, Aitken AS, El Sayes N, Martin NT, Varette O, Falls T, St-Germain LE, Pelin A, Lichty BD, et al. Neoadjuvant oncolytic virotherapy before surgery sensitizes triple-negative breast cancer to immune checkpoint therapy. Sci Transl Med. 2018;10. PubMed

Samson A, Scott KJ, Taggart D, West EJ, Wilson E, Nuovo GJ, Thomson S, Corns R, Mathew RK, Fuller MJ, et al. Intravenous delivery of oncolytic reovirus to brain tumor patients immunologically primes for subsequent checkpoint blockade. Sci Transl Med. 2018;10. doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.aao1641. PubMed DOI PMC

Achard C, Guillerme JB, Bruni D, Boisgerault N, Combredet C, Tangy F, Jouvenet N, Gregoire M, Fonteneau JF Oncolytic measles virus induces tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-mediated cytotoxicity by human myeloid and plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Oncoimmunology. 2017;6:e1261240. doi:10.1080/2162402X.2016.1261240. PubMed DOI PMC

Li X, Wang P, Li H, Du X, Liu M, Huang Q, Wang Y, Wang S The efficacy of oncolytic adenovirus is mediated by T-cell responses against virus and tumor in syrian hamster model. Clin Cancer Res. 2017;23:239–249. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-16-0477. PubMed DOI

Moesta AK, Cooke K, Piasecki J, Mitchell P, Rottman JB, Fitzgerald K, Zhan J, Yang B, Le T, Belmontes B, et al. Local delivery of oncoVEXmGM-CSF generates systemic antitumor immune responses enhanced by cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein blockade. Clin Cancer Res. 2017;23:6190–6202. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-17-0681. PubMed DOI

Hock K, Laengle J, Kuznetsova I, Egorov A, Hegedus B, Dome B, Wekerle T, Sachet M, Bergmann M. Oncolytic influenza A virus expressing interleukin-15 decreases tumor growth in vivo. Surgery. 2017;161:735–746. doi:10.1016/j.surg.2016.08.045. PubMed DOI

Aurelian L, Bollino D, Colunga A. The oncolytic virus DeltaPK has multimodal anti-tumor activity. Pathog Dis. 2016;74.doi:10.1093/femspd/ftw050. PubMed DOI PMC

Francis L, Guo ZS, Liu Z, Ravindranathan R, Urban JA, Sathaiah M, Magge D, Kalinski P, Bartlett DL. Modulation of chemokines in the tumor microenvironment enhances oncolytic virotherapy for colorectal cancer. Oncotarget. 2016;7:22174–22185. doi:10.18632/oncotarget.7907. PubMed DOI PMC

Passaro C, Borriello F, Vastolo V, Di Somma S, Scamardella E, Gigantino V, Franco R, Marone G, Portella G The oncolytic virus dl922-947 reduces IL-8/CXCL8 and MCP-1/CCL2 expression and impairs angiogenesis and macrophage infiltration in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Oncotarget. 2016;7:1500–1515. doi:10.18632/oncotarget.6430. PubMed DOI PMC

Schwaiger T, Knittler MR, Grund C, Roemer-Oberdoerfer A, Kapp JF, Lerch MM, Mettenleiter TC, Mayerle J, Blohm U. Newcastle disease virus mediates pancreatic tumor rejection via NK cell activation and prevents cancer relapse by prompting adaptive immunity. Int J Cancer. 2017;141:2505–2516. doi:10.1002/ijc.31026. PubMed DOI

Jiang H, Rivera-Molina Y, Gomez-Manzano C, Clise-Dwyer K, Bover L, Vence LM, Yuan Y, Lang FF, Toniatti C, Hossain MB, et al. Oncolytic adenovirus and tumor-targeting immune modulatory therapy improve autologous cancer vaccination. Cancer Res. 2017;77:3894–3907. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-17-0468. PubMed DOI PMC

Hamilton JR, Vijayakumar G, Palese P. A recombinant antibody-expressing influenza virus delays tumor growth in a mouse model. Cell Rep. 2018;22:1–7. doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2017.12.025. PubMed DOI

Zamarin D, Holmgaard RB, Ricca J, Plitt T, Palese P, Sharma P, Merghoub T, Wolchok JD, Allison JP. Intratumoral modulation of the inducible co-stimulator ICOS by recombinant oncolytic virus promotes systemic anti-tumour immunity. Nat Commun. 2017;8:14340. doi:10.1038/ncomms14340. PubMed DOI PMC

Eriksson E, Milenova I, Wenthe J, Stahle M, Leja-Jarblad J, Ullenhag G, Dimberg A, Moreno R, Alemany R, Loskog A Shaping the tumor stroma and sparking immune activation by CD40 and 4-1BB signaling induced by an armed oncolytic virus. Clin Cancer Res. 2017;23:5846–5857. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-17-0285. PubMed DOI

Kim SY, Kang D, Choi HJ, Joo Y, Kim JH, Song JJ. Prime-boost immunization by both DNA vaccine and oncolytic adenovirus expressing GM-CSF and shRNA of TGF-beta2 induces anti-tumor immune activation. Oncotarget. 2017;8:15858–15877. doi:10.18632/oncotarget.15008. PubMed DOI PMC

Bartee MY, Dunlap KM, Bartee E. Tumor-Localized secretion of soluble PD1 enhances oncolytic virotherapy. Cancer Res. 2017;77:2952–2963. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-16-1638. PubMed DOI PMC

Rosewell Shaw A, Porter CE, Watanabe N, Tanoue K, Sikora A, Gottschalk S, Brenner MK, Suzuki M. Adenovirotherapy delivering cytokine and checkpoint inhibitor augments CAR T cells against metastatic head and neck cancer. Mol Ther. 2017; doi:10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.09.010. PubMed DOI PMC

Moon E, Wang L-CS, Bekdache K, Lynn R, Lo A, Thorne S, Albelda S Intra-tumoral delivery of CXCL11 via a vaccinia virus, but not by modified T cells, enhances the efficacy of adoptive T cell therapy and vaccines. Oncoimmunology. 2017. PubMed PMC

Veinalde R, Grossardt C, Hartmann L, Bourgeois-Daigneault MC, Bell JC, Jager D, von Kalle C, Ungerechts G, Engeland CE Oncolytic measles virus encoding interleukin-12 mediates potent antitumor effects through T cell activation. Oncoimmunology. 2017;6:e1285992. doi:10.1080/2162402X.2017.1285992. PubMed DOI PMC

Ren J, Gwin WR, Zhou X, Wang X, Huang H, Jiang N, Zhou L, Agarwal P, Hobeika A, Crosby E, et al. Adaptive T cell responses induced by oncolytic herpes simplex virus-granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factor therapy expanded by dendritic cell and cytokine-induced killer cell adoptive therapy. Oncoimmunology. 2017;6:e1264563. doi:10.1080/2162402X.2016.1264563. PubMed DOI PMC

Zafar S, Parviainen S, Siurala M, Hemminki O, Havunen R, Tahtinen S, Bramante S, Vassilev L, Wang H, Lieber A, et al. Intravenously usable fully serotype 3 oncolytic adenovirus coding for CD40L as an enabler of dendritic cell therapy. Oncoimmunology. 2017;6:e1265717. doi:10.1080/2162402X.2016.1265717. PubMed DOI PMC

Freedman JD, Freedman JD, Hagel J, Scott EM, Psallidas I, Gupta A, Spiers L, Miller P, Kanellakis N, Ashfield R, Fisher KD, et al. Oncolytic adenovirus expressing bispecific antibody targets T-cell cytotoxicity in cancer biopsies. EMBO Mol Med. 2017;9:1067–1087. doi:10.15252/emmm.201707567. PubMed DOI PMC

Dinsart C, Pervolaraki K, Stroh-Dege A, Lavie M, Ronsse I, Rommelaere J, Van Damme J, Van Raemdonck K, Struyf S Recombinant parvoviruses armed to deliver CXCL4L1 and CXCL10 are impaired in their antiangiogenic and antitumoral effects in a kaposi sarcoma tumor model due to the chemokines’ interference with the virus cycle. Hum Gene Ther. 2017;28:295–306. doi:10.1089/hum.2016.108. PubMed DOI

Hutzen B, Chen CY, Wang PY, Sprague L, Swain HM, Love J, Conner J, Boon L, Cripe TP TGF-beta inhibition improves oncolytic herpes viroimmunotherapy in murine models of rhabdomyosarcoma. Mol Ther Oncolytics. 2017;7:17–26. doi:10.1016/j.omto.2017.09.001. PubMed DOI PMC

Ren G, Tian G, Liu Y, He J, Gao X, Yu Y, Liu X, Zhang X, Sun T, Liu S, et al. Recombinant newcastle disease virus encoding IL-12 and/or IL-2 as potential candidate for hepatoma carcinoma therapy. Technol Cancer Res Treat. 2016;15:NP83–94. doi:10.1177/1533034615601521. PubMed DOI

Komorowski MP, McGray AR, Kolakowska A, Eng K, Gil M, Opyrchal M, Litwinska B, Nemeth MJ, Odunsi KO, Kozbor D Reprogramming antitumor immunity against chemoresistant ovarian cancer by a CXCR4 antagonist-armed viral oncotherapy. Mol Ther Oncolytics. 2016;3:16034. doi:10.1038/mto.2016.34. PubMed DOI PMC

Liikanen I, Tahtinen S, Guse K, Gutmann T, Savola P, Oksanen M, Kanerva A, Hemminki A Oncolytic adenovirus expressing monoclonal antibody trastuzumab for treatment of HER2-positive cancer. Mol Cancer Ther. 2016;15:2259–2269. doi:10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-15-0819. PubMed DOI

Kochneva G, Sivolobova G, Tkacheva A, Grazhdantseva A, Troitskaya O, Nushtaeva A, Tkachenko A, Kuligina E, Richter V, Koval O Engineering of double recombinant vaccinia virus with enhanced oncolytic potential for solid tumor virotherapy. Oncotarget. 2016;7:74171–74188. doi:10.18632/oncotarget.12367. PubMed DOI PMC

Bramante S, Koski A, Liikanen I, Vassilev L, Oksanen M, Siurala M, Heiskanen R, Hakonen T, Joensuu T, Kanerva A, et al. Oncolytic virotherapy for treatment of breast cancer, including triple-negative breast cancer. Oncoimmunology. 2016;5:e1078057. doi:10.1080/2162402X.2015.1078057. PubMed DOI PMC

Kuryk L, Haavisto E, Garofalo M, Capasso C, Hirvinen M, Pesonen S, Ranki T, Vassilev L, Cerullo V Synergistic anti-tumor efficacy of immunogenic adenovirus ONCOS-102 (Ad5/3-D24-GM-CSF) and standard of care chemotherapy in preclinical mesothelioma model. Int J Cancer. 2016;139:1883–1893. doi:10.1002/ijc.30228. PubMed DOI

Kleinpeter P, Fend L, Thioudellet C, Geist M, Sfrontato N, Koerper V, Fahrner C, Schmitt D, Gantzer M, Remy-Ziller C, et al. Vectorization in an oncolytic vaccinia virus of an antibody, a fab and a scFv against programmed cell death −1 (PD-1) allows their intratumoral delivery and an improved tumor-growth inhibition. Oncoimmunology. 2016;5:e1220467. doi:10.1080/2162402X.2016.1220467. PubMed DOI PMC

Liu Z, Ravindranathan R, Li J, Kalinski P, Guo ZS, Bartlett DL. CXCL11-Armed oncolytic poxvirus elicits potent antitumor immunity and shows enhanced therapeutic efficacy. Oncoimmunology. 2016;5:e1091554. doi:10.1080/2162402X.2015.1091554. PubMed DOI PMC

Bourgeois-Daigneault MC, Roy DG, Falls T, Twumasi-Boateng K, St-Germain LE, Marguerie M, Garcia V, Selman M, Jennings VA, Pettigrew J, et al. Oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virus expressing interferon-gamma has enhanced therapeutic activity. Mol Ther Oncolytics. 2016;3:16001. doi:10.1038/mto.2016.1. PubMed DOI PMC

Hirvinen M, Capasso C, Guse K, Garofalo M, Vitale A, Ahonen M, Kuryk L, Vaha-Koskela M, Hemminki A, Fortino V, et al. Expression of DAI by an oncolytic vaccinia virus boosts the immunogenicity of the virus and enhances antitumor immunity. Mol Ther Oncolytics. 2016;3:16002. doi:10.1038/mto.2016.2. PubMed DOI PMC

Capasso C, Hirvinen M, Garofalo M, Romaniuk D, Kuryk L, Sarvela T, Vitale A, Antopolsky M, Magarkar A, Viitala T, et al. Oncolytic adenoviruses coated with MHC-I tumor epitopes increase the antitumor immunity and efficacy against melanoma. Oncoimmunology. 2016;5:e1105429. doi:10.1080/2162402X.2015.1105429. PubMed DOI PMC

Atherton MJ, Stephenson KB, Pol J, Wang F, Lefebvre C, Stojdl DF, Nikota JK, Dvorkin-Gheva A, Nguyen A, Chen L, et al. Customized Viral Immunotherapy for HPV-Associated Cancer. Cancer Immunol Res. 2017;5:847–859. doi:10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-17-0102. PubMed DOI

Ilett E, Kottke T, Thompson J, Rajani K, Zaidi S, Evgin L, Coffey M, Ralph C, Diaz R, Pandha H, et al. Prime-boost using separate oncolytic viruses in combination with checkpoint blockade improves anti-tumour therapy. Gene Ther. 2017;24:21–30. doi:10.1038/gt.2016.70. PubMed DOI PMC

Pol JG, Zhang L, Bridle BW, Stephenson KB, Resseguier J, Hanson S, Chen L, Kazdhan N, Bramson JL, Stojdl DF, et al. Maraba virus as a potent oncolytic vaccine vector. Mol Ther. 2014;22:420–429. doi:10.1038/mt.2013.249. PubMed DOI PMC

Boisgerault N, Kottke T, Pulido J, Thompson J, Diaz RM, Rommelfanger-Konkol D, Embry A, Saenz D, Poeschla E, Pandha H, et al. Functional cloning of recurrence-specific antigens identifies molecular targets to treat tumor relapse. Mol Ther. 2013;21:1507–1516. doi:10.1038/mt.2013.116. PubMed DOI PMC

Bridle BW, Clouthier D, Zhang L, Pol J, Chen L, Lichty BD, Bramson JL, Wan Y Oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virus quantitatively and qualitatively improves primary CD8 T-cell responses to anticancer vaccines. Oncoimmunology. 2013;2:e26013. doi:10.4161/onci.26013. PubMed DOI PMC

Pulido J, Kottke T, Thompson J, Galivo F, Wongthida P, Diaz RM, Rommelfanger D, Ilett E, Pease L, Pandha H, et al. Using virally expressed melanoma cDNA libraries to identify tumor-associated antigens that cure melanoma. Nat Biotechnol. 2012;30:337–343. doi:10.1038/nbt.2157. PubMed DOI PMC

Rommelfanger DM, Wongthida P, Diaz RM, Kaluza KM, Thompson JM, Kottke TJ, Vile RG Systemic combination virotherapy for melanoma with tumor antigen-expressing vesicular stomatitis virus and adoptive T-cell transfer. Cancer Res. 2012;72:4753–4764. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-12-0600. PubMed DOI PMC

Kottke T, Errington F, Pulido J, Galivo F, Thompson J, Wongthida P, Diaz RM, Chong H, Ilett E, Chester J, et al. Broad antigenic coverage induced by vaccination with virus-based cDNA libraries cures established tumors. Nat Med. 2011;17:854–859. doi:10.1038/nm.2390. PubMed DOI PMC

Bridle BW, Stephenson KB, Boudreau JE, Koshy S, Kazdhan N, Pullenayegum E, Brunelliere J, Bramson JL, Lichty BD, Wan Y Potentiating cancer immunotherapy using an oncolytic virus. Mol Ther. 2010;18:1430–1439. doi:10.1038/mt.2010.98. PubMed DOI PMC

Naslund TI, Uyttenhove C, Nordstrom EK, Colau D, Warnier G, Jondal M, Van den Eynde BJ, Liljestrom P Comparative prime-boost vaccinations using Semliki Forest virus, adenovirus, and ALVAC vectors demonstrate differences in the generation of a protective central memory CTL response against the P815 tumor. J Immunol. 2007;178:6761–6769. PubMed

Chen A, Zhang Y, Meng G, Jiang D, Zhang H, Zheng M, Xia M, Jiang A, Wu J, Beltinger C, et al. Oncolytic measles virus enhances antitumour responses of adoptive CD8+NKG2D+ cells in hepatocellular carcinoma treatment. Sci Rep. 2017;7:5170. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-05500-z. PubMed DOI PMC

Dey M, Yu D, Kanojia D, Li G, Sukhanova M, Spencer DA, Pituch KC, Zhang L, Han Y, Ahmed AU, et al. Intranasal oncolytic virotherapy with CXCR4-enhanced stem cells extends survival in mouse model of glioma. Stem Rep. 2016;7:471–482. doi:10.1016/j.stemcr.2016.07.024. PubMed DOI PMC

Siurala M, Vaha-Koskela M, Havunen R, Tahtinen S, Bramante S, Parviainen S, Mathis JM, Kanerva A, Hemminki A Syngeneic syrian hamster tumors feature tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes allowing adoptive cell therapy enhanced by oncolytic adenovirus in a replication permissive setting. Oncoimmunology. 2016;5:e1136046. doi:10.1080/2162402X.2015.1136046. PubMed DOI PMC

Esaki S, Nigim F, Moon E, Luk S, Kiyokawa J, Curry W, Jr., Cahill DP, Chi AS, Iafrate AJ, Martuza RL, et al. Blockade of transforming growth factor-beta signaling enhances oncolytic herpes simplex virus efficacy in patient-derived recurrent glioblastoma models. Int J Cancer. 2017;141:2348–2358. doi:10.1002/ijc.30929. PubMed DOI PMC

Zhao X, Ouyang W, Chester C, Long S, Wang N, He Z. Cytokine-induced killer cell delivery enhances the antitumor activity of oncolytic reovirus. PLoS One. 2017;12:e0184816. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0184816. PubMed DOI PMC

Chen X, Han J, Chu J, Zhang L, Zhang J, Chen C, Chen L, Wang Y, Wang H, Yi L, et al. A combinational therapy of EGFR-CAR NK cells and oncolytic herpes simplex virus 1 for breast cancer brain metastases. Oncotarget. 2016;7:27764–27777. doi:10.18632/oncotarget.8526. PubMed DOI PMC

Workenhe ST, Pol JG, Lichty BD, Cummings DT, Mossman KL. Combining oncolytic HSV-1 with immunogenic cell death-inducing drug mitoxantrone breaks cancer immune tolerance and improves therapeutic efficacy. Cancer Immunol Res. 2013;1:309–319. doi:10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-13-0059-T. PubMed DOI

Ribas A, Dummer R, Puzanov I, VanderWalde A, Andtbacka RHI, Michielin O, Olszanski AJ, Malvehy J, Cebon J, Fernandez E, et al. Oncolytic Virotherapy Promotes Intratumoral T Cell Infiltration and Improves Anti-PD-1 Immunotherapy. Cell. 2017;170:1109–19 e10. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2017.08.027. PubMed DOI PMC

Jonas BA. Combination of an oncolytic virus with PD-L1 blockade keeps cancer in check. Sci Transl Med. 2017;9. doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.aan2781. PubMed DOI PMC

Hardcastle J, Mills L, Malo CS, Jin F, Kurokawa C, Geekiyanage H, Schroeder M, Sarkaria J, Johnson AJ, Galanis E Immunovirotherapy with measles virus strains in combination with anti-PD-1 antibody blockade enhances antitumor activity in glioblastoma treatment. Neuro Oncol. 2017;19:493–502. doi:10.1093/neuonc/now179. PubMed DOI PMC

Liu Z, Ravindranathan R, Kalinski P, Guo ZS, Bartlett DL. Rational combination of oncolytic vaccinia virus and PD-L1 blockade works synergistically to enhance therapeutic efficacy. Nat Commun. 2017;8:14754. doi:10.1038/ncomms14754. PubMed DOI PMC

Chen CY, Wang PY, Hutzen B, Sprague L, Swain HM, Love JK, et al. Cooperation of oncolytic herpes virotherapy and PD-1 blockade in murine rhabdomyosarcoma models. Sci Rep. 2017;7:2396. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-02503-8. PubMed DOI PMC

Cockle JV, Rajani K, Zaidi S, Kottke T, Thompson J, Diaz RM, Shim K, Peterson T, Parney IF, Short S, et al. Combination viroimmunotherapy with checkpoint inhibition to treat glioma, based on location-specific tumor profiling. Neuro Oncol. 2016;18:518–527. doi:10.1093/neuonc/nov173. PubMed DOI PMC

Cervera-Carrascon V, Siurala M, Santos JM, Havunen R, Tahtinen S, Karell P, et al. TNFa and IL-2 armed adenoviruses enable complete responses by anti-PD-1 checkpoint blockade. Oncoimmunology. 2018;7:e1412902. doi:10.1080/2162402X.2017.1412902. PubMed DOI PMC

Cervera-Carrascon V, Siurala M, Santos JM, Havunen R, Tahtinen S, Karell P, Sorsa S, Kanerva A, Hemminki A Overcoming resistance to anti-PD immunotherapy in a syngeneic mouse lung cancer model using locoregional virotherapy. Oncoimmunology. 2018;7:e1376156. doi:10.1080/2162402X.2017.1376156. PubMed DOI PMC

Woller N, Gurlevik E, Fleischmann-Mundt B, Schumacher A, Knocke S, Kloos AM, Saborowski M, Geffers R, Manns MP, Wirth TC, et al. Viral infection of tumors overcomes resistance to PD-1-immunotherapy by broadening neoantigenome-directed T-cell responses. Mol Ther. 2015;23:1630–1640. doi:10.1038/mt.2015.115. PubMed DOI PMC

Gravett AM, Trautwein N, Stevanović S, Dalgleish AG, Copier J. Gemcitabine alters the proteasome composition and immunopeptidome of tumour cells. Oncoimmunology. 2018;7:e1438107. doi:10.1080/2162402X.2018.1438107. PubMed DOI PMC

Chen A, Zhang Y, Meng G, Jiang D, Zhang H, Zheng M, Xia M, Jiang A, Wu J, Beltinger C, et al. Gemcitabine enhances antitumor efficacy of recombinant lipoimmunogen-based immunotherapy. Oncoimmunology. 2016;5:e1095433. doi:10.1080/2162402X.2015.1095433. PubMed DOI PMC

McDonnell AM, Joost Lesterhuis W, Khong A, Nowak AK, Lake RA, Currie AJ, Robinson BW Restoration of defective cross-presentation in tumors by gemcitabine. Oncoimmunology. 2015;4:e1005501. doi:10.1080/2162402X.2015.1008371. PubMed DOI PMC

Gujar SA, Clements D, Lee PW. Two is better than one: complementing oncolytic virotherapy with gemcitabine to potentiate antitumor immune responses. Oncoimmunology. 2014;3:e27622. doi:10.4161/onci.27622. PubMed DOI PMC

Wenthe J, Eriksson E, Milenova I, Moreno R, Alemany R, Loskog A. Meeting abstract | A novel oncolytic adenovirus expressing tumor microenvironment stimulators to evoke and facilitate anti-tumor immune responses. Mol Ther. 2016;24:S206. doi:10.1016/S1525-0016(16)33325-1. DOI

Gong J, Gray M, Hutchins J, Freimark B. Anti-tumor responses by ibrutinib and anti-PD-1 blockade is enhanced by phosphatidylserine-targeting antibody therapy. Blood. 2016;128:5379. doi:10.1182/blood-2016-06-724161. DOI

Buchan SL, Rogel A, Al-Shamkhani A. The immunobiology of CD27 and OX40 and their potential as targets for cancer immunotherapy. Blood. 2017;doi:10.1182/blood-2017-07-741025. PubMed DOI

Sapski S, Beha N, Kontermann R, Muller D. Tumor-targeted costimulation with antibody-fusion proteins improves bispecific antibody-mediated immune response in presence of immunosuppressive factors. Oncoimmunology. 2017;6:e1361594. doi:10.1080/2162402X.2017.1361594. PubMed DOI PMC

Scott EM, Duffy MR, Freedman JD, Fisher KD, Seymour LW. Solid tumor immunotherapy with T cell engager-armed oncolytic viruses. Macromol Biosci. 2017;18. doi:10.1002/mabi.201700187. PubMed DOI

Gohil SH, Paredes-Moscosso SR, Harrasser M, Vezzalini M, Scarpa A, Morris E, Davidoff AM, Sorio C, Nathwani AC, Della Peruta M. An ROR1 bi-specific T-cell engager provides effective targeting and cytotoxicity against a range of solid tumors. Oncoimmunology. 2017;6:e1326437. doi:10.1080/2162402X.2017.1326437. PubMed DOI PMC

Kebenko M, Goebeler M-E, Wolf M, Hasenburg A, Seggewiss-Bernhardt R, Ritter B, Rautenberg B, Atanackovic D, Kratzer A, Rottman JB, et al. A multicenter phase 1 study of solitomab (MT110, AMG 110), a bispecific EpCAM/CD3 T-cell engager (BiTE®) antibody construct, in patients with refractory solid tumors. Oncoimmunology. 2018;e1450710. doi:10.1080/2162402X.2018.1450710. PubMed DOI PMC

Koopmans I, Hendriks D, Samplonius DF, van Ginkel RJ, Heskamp S, Wierstra PJ, Bremer E, Helfrich W A novel bispecific antibody for EGFR-directed blockade of the PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint. Oncoimmunology. 2018;e1466016. doi:10.1080/2162402X.2018.1466016. PubMed DOI PMC

Fajardo CA, Guedan S, Rojas LA, Moreno R, Arias-Badia M, de Sostoa J, June CH, Alemany R. Oncolytic adenoviral delivery of an EGFR-targeting T-cell engager improves antitumor efficacy. Cancer Res. 2017;77:2052–2063. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-16-1708. PubMed DOI

Wing A, Fajardo CA, Posey AD, Jr., Shaw C, Da T, Young RM, Alemany R, June CH, Guedan S. Improving CART-cell therapy of solid tumors with oncolytic virus-driven production of a bispecific T-cell engager. Cancer Immunol Res. 2018; doi:10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-17-0314. PubMed DOI PMC

Shayakhmetov DM, Gaggar A, Ni S, Li ZY, Lieber A. Adenovirus binding to blood factors results in liver cell infection and hepatotoxicity. J Virol. 2005;79:7478–7491. doi:10.1128/JVI.79.12.7478-7491.2005. PubMed DOI PMC

Yu B, Zhou Y, Wu H, Wang Z, Zhan Y, Feng X, Geng R, Wu Y, Kong W, Yu X Seroprevalence of neutralizing antibodies to human adenovirus type 5 in healthy adults in China. J Med Virol. 2012;84:1408–1414. doi:10.1002/jmv.23325. PubMed DOI

Hashimoto Y, Watanabe Y, Shirakiya Y, Uno F, Kagawa S, Kawamura H, Nagai K, Tanaka N, Kumon H, Urata Y, et al. Establishment of biological and pharmacokinetic assays of telomerase-specific replication-selective adenovirus. Cancer Sci. 2008;99:385–390. doi:10.1111/j.1349-7006.2007.00665.x. PubMed DOI PMC

Kaid C, Goulart E, Caires-Junior LC, Araujo BHS, Soares-Schanoski A, Siqueira Bueno HM, Silva KAT, Astray RM, Assoni AF, Ribeiro Junior AF, et al. Zika virus selectively kills aggressive human embryonal CNS tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Res. 2018; doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-17-3201. PubMed DOI

Sistigu A, Manic G, Obrist F, Vitale I. Trial watch - inhibiting PARP enzymes for anticancer therapy. Mol Cell Oncol. 2016;3:e1053594. doi:10.1080/23723556.2015.1053594. PubMed DOI PMC

Ning J, Wakimoto H, Peters C, Martuza RL, Rabkin SD. Rad51 degradation: role in Oncolytic Virus-Poly(ADP-Ribose) polymerase inhibitor combination therapy in glioblastoma. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2017;109:1–13. doi:10.1093/jnci/djw229. PubMed DOI PMC

Cruz C, Castroviejo-Bermejo M, Gutierrez-Enriquez S, Llop-Guevara A, Ibrahim YH, Gris-Oliver A, Bonache S, Morancho B, Bruna A, Rueda OM, et al. RAD51 foci as a functional biomarker of homologous recombination repair and PARP inhibitor resistance in germline BRCA mutated breast cancer. Ann Oncol. 2018; doi:10.1093/annonc/mdy099. PubMed DOI PMC

Saha D, Martuza RL, Rabkin SD. Macrophage polarization contributes to glioblastoma eradication by combination immunovirotherapy and immune checkpoint blockade. Cancer Cell. 2017;32:253–67 e5. doi:10.1016/j.ccell.2017.07.006. PubMed DOI PMC

Workenhe ST, Ketela T, Moffat J, Cuddington BP, Mossman KL. Genome-wide lentiviral shRNA screen identifies serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 2 as a determinant of oncolytic virus activity in breast cancer cells. Oncogene. 2016;35:2465–2474. doi:10.1038/onc.2015.303. PubMed DOI

Roselli M, Formica V, Cereda V, Jochems C, Richards J, Grenga I, Orlandi A, Ferroni P, Guadagni F, Schlom J The association of clinical outcome and peripheral T-cell subsets in metastatic colorectal cancer patients receiving first-line FOLFIRI plus bevacizumab therapy. Oncoimmunology. 2016;5:e1188243. doi:10.1080/2162402X.2016.1188243. PubMed DOI PMC

Oldfield LM, Grzesik P, Voorhies AA, Alperovich N, MacMath D, Najera CD, Chandra DS, Prasad S, Noskov VN, Montague MG, et al. Genome-wide engineering of an infectious clone of herpes simplex virus type 1 using synthetic genomics assembly methods. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017;114:E8885–E94. doi:10.1073/pnas.1700534114. PubMed DOI PMC

Masemann D, Kother K, Kuhlencord M, Varga G, Roth J, Lichty BD, Rapp UR, Wixler V, Ludwig S Oncolytic influenza virus infection restores immunocompetence of lung tumor-associated alveolar macrophages. Oncoimmunology. 2018;7:e1423171. doi:10.1080/2162402X.2017.1423171. PubMed DOI PMC

Brown MC, Holl EK, Boczkowski D, Dobrikova E, Mosaheb M, Chandramohan V, Bigner DD, Gromeier M, Nair SK Cancer immunotherapy with recombinant poliovirus induces IFN-dominant activation of dendritic cells and tumor antigen-specific CTLs. Sci Transl Med. 2017;9. PubMed PMC

Rojas JJ, Sampath P, Hou W, Thorne SH. Defining effective combinations of immune checkpoint blockade and oncolytic virotherapy. Clin Cancer Res. 2015;21:5543–5551. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-14-2009. PubMed DOI PMC

Kalinski P. Regulation of immune responses by prostaglandin E2. J Immunol. 2012;188:21–28. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1101029. PubMed DOI PMC

Obermajer N, Muthuswamy R, Lesnock J, Edwards RP, Kalinski P. Positive feedback between PGE2 and COX2 redirects the differentiation of human dendritic cells toward stable myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Blood. 2011;118:5498–5505. doi:10.1182/blood-2011-07-365825. PubMed DOI PMC

Fujita M, Kohanbash G, Fellows-Mayle W, Hamilton RL, Komohara Y, Decker SA, Ohlfest JR, Okada H COX-2 blockade suppresses gliomagenesis by inhibiting myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Cancer Res. 2011;71:2664–2674. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-10-3055. PubMed DOI PMC

Donkor MK, Lahue E, Hoke TA, Shafer LR, Coskun U, Solheim JC, Gulen D, Bishay J, Talmadge JE Mammary tumor heterogeneity in the expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Int Immunopharmacol. 2009;9:937–948. doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2009.03.021. PubMed DOI

Rodriguez PC, Hernandez CP, Quiceno D, Dubinett SM, Zabaleta J, Ochoa JB, Gilbert J, Ochoa AC Arginase I in myeloid suppressor cells is induced by COX-2 in lung carcinoma. J Exp Med. 2005;202:931–939. doi:10.1084/jem.20050715. PubMed DOI PMC

Hou W, Sampath P, Rojas JJ, Thorne SH. Oncolytic virus-mediated targeting of PGE2 in the tumor alters the immune status and sensitizes established and resistant tumors to immunotherapy. Cancer Cell. 2016;30:108–119. doi:10.1016/j.ccell.2016.05.012. PubMed DOI PMC

Potts KG, Irwin CR, Favis NA, Pink DB, Vincent KM, Lewis JD, Moore RB, Hitt MM, Evans DH Deletion of F4L (ribonucleotide reductase) in vaccinia virus produces a selective oncolytic virus and promotes anti-tumor immunity with superior safety in bladder cancer models. EMBO Mol Med. 2017;9:638–654. doi:10.15252/emmm.201607296. PubMed DOI PMC

Liu D, Li G, Avella DM, Kimchi ET, Kaifi JT, Rubinstein MP, Camp ER, Rockey DC, Schell TD, Staveley-O'Carroll KF Sunitinib represses regulatory T cells to overcome immunotolerance in a murine model of hepatocellular cancer. Oncoimmunology. 2017;7:e1372079. doi:10.1080/2162402X.2017.1372079. PubMed DOI PMC

Samson A, Bentham MJ, Scott K, Nuovo G, Bloy A, Appleton E, Adair RA, Dave R, Peckham-Cooper A, Toogood G, et al. Oncolytic reovirus as a combined antiviral and anti-tumour agent for the treatment of liver cancer. Gut. 2016. PubMed PMC

Rajani K, Parrish C, Kottke T, Thompson J, Zaidi S, Ilett L, et al. Combination therapy with reovirus and anti-PD-1 blockade controls tumor growth through innate and adaptive immune responses. Mol Ther. 2016;24:166–174. doi:10.1038/mt.2015.156. PubMed DOI PMC

Samson A, Bentham MJ, Scott K, Nuovo G, Bloy A, Appleton E, Adair RA, Dave R, Peckham-Cooper A, Toogood G Cationic liposome-mediated delivery of reovirus enhances the tumor cell-killing efficiencies of reovirus in reovirus-resistant tumor cells. Int J Pharm. 2017;524:238–247. doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.04.006. PubMed DOI

Zhang L, Steele MB, Jenks N, Grell J, Suksanpaisan L, Naik S, Federspiel MJ, Lacy MQ, Russell SJ, Peng KW Safety studies in tumor and non-tumor-bearing mice in support of clinical trials using oncolytic VSV-IFNbeta-NIS. Hum Gene Ther Clin Dev. 2016;27:111–122. doi:10.1089/humc.2016.061. PubMed DOI PMC

Shen W, Patnaik MM, Ruiz A, Russell SJ, Peng KW. Immunovirotherapy with vesicular stomatitis virus and PD-L1 blockade enhances therapeutic outcome in murine acute myeloid leukemia. Blood. 2016;127:1449–1458. doi:10.1182/blood-2015-06-652503. PubMed DOI PMC

Alkayyal AA, Tai LH, Kennedy MA, de Souza CT, Zhang J, Lefebvre C, Sahi S, Ananth AA, Mahmoud AB, Makrigiannis AP, et al. NK-cell recruitment is necessary for eradication of peritoneal carcinomatosis with an IL12-expressing maraba virus cellular vaccine. Cancer Immunol Res. 2017;5:211–221. doi:10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-16-0162. PubMed DOI

Le Boeuf F, Selman M, Son HH, Bergeron A, Chen A, Tsang J, Butterwick D, Arulanandam R, Forbes NE, Tzelepis F, et al. Oncolytic maraba virus MG1 as a treatment for sarcoma. Int J Cancer. 2017;141:1257–1264. doi:10.1002/ijc.30813. PubMed DOI

Atherton MJ, Stephenson KB, Nikota JK, Hu QN, Nguyen A, Wan Y, Lichty BD Preclinical development of peptide vaccination combined with oncolytic MG1-E6E7 for HPV-associated cancer. Vaccine. 2018;36:2181–2192. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.02.070. PubMed DOI

Aranda F, Vacchelli E, Eggermont A, Galon J, Sautes-Fridman C, Tartour E, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L Trial Watch: peptide vaccines in cancer therapy. Oncoimmunology. 2013;2:e26621. doi:10.4161/onci.26621. PubMed DOI PMC

Atherton MJ, Stephenson KB, Tzelepis F, Bakhshinyan D, Nikota JK, Son HH, et al. Transforming the prostatic tumor microenvironment with oncolytic virotherapy. Oncoimmunology. 2018;7:e1445459. doi:10.1080/2162402X.2018.1445459. PubMed DOI PMC

Zhang H, Li K, Lin Y, Xing F, Xiao X, Cai J, Zhu W, Liang J, Tan Y, Fu L, et al. Targeting VCP enhances anticancer activity of oncolytic virus M1 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Sci Transl Med. 2017;9. doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.aam7996. PubMed DOI

Cai J, Lin Y, Zhang H, Liang J, Tan Y, Cavenee WK, Yan G Selective replication of oncolytic virus M1 results in a bystander killing effect that is potentiated by smac mimetics. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017;114:6812–6817. doi:10.1073/pnas.1701002114. PubMed DOI PMC

Li K, Zhang H, Qiu J, Lin Y, Liang J, Xiao X, Fu L, Wang F, Cai J, Tan Y, et al. Activation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate pathway increases the sensitivity of cancer cells to the oncolytic virus M1. Mol Ther. 2016;24:156–165. doi:10.1038/mt.2015.172. PubMed DOI PMC

Zhang H, Lin Y, Li K, Liang J, Xiao X, Cai J, Tan Y, Xing F, Mai J, Li Y, et al. Naturally existing oncolytic virus M1 is nonpathogenic for the nonhuman primates after multiple rounds of repeated intravenous injections. Hum Gene Ther. 2016;27:700–711. doi:10.1089/hum.2016.038. PubMed DOI PMC

Alonso MM, García-Moure M, Gonzalez-Huarriz M, Marigil M, Hernandez-Alcoceba R, Buñales M, Hervás S, Gallego J, Gomez-Manzano C, Fueyo, et al. Meeting library | Abstract CT027: oncolytic virus DNX-2401 with a short course of temozolomide for glioblastoma at first recurrence: clinical data and prognostic biomarkers. Cancer Research. 2017;77:CT027–CT. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-CT027. DOI

Ilkow CS, Marguerie M, Batenchuk C, Mayer J, Ben Neriah D, Cousineau S, et al. Reciprocal cellular cross-talk within the tumor microenvironment promotes oncolytic virus activity. Nat Med. 2015;21:530–536. doi:10.1038/nm.3848. PubMed DOI

Kleiderman S, Gutbier S, Ugur Tufekci K, Ortega F, Sa JV, Teixeira AP, Brito C, Glaab E, Berninger B, Alves PM, et al. Conversion of nonproliferating astrocytes into neurogenic neural stem cells: control by FGF2 and interferon-gamma. Stem Cells. 2016;34:2861–2874. doi:10.1002/stem.2483. PubMed DOI

Lee BJ, Moon HG, Shin TS, Jeon SG, Lee EY, Gho YS, Lee CG, Zhu Z, Elias JA, Kim YK Protective effects of basic fibroblast growth factor in the development of emphysema induced by interferon-gamma. Exp Mol Med. 2011;43:169–178. doi:10.3858/emm.2011.43.4.018. PubMed DOI PMC

Scheil S, Ludecke G, Unsicker K. Interleukin-1 beta and interferon gamma interact with fibroblast growth factor-2 in the control of neuroblastoma cell proliferation and differentiation. Int J Dev Neurosci. 1994;12:405–410. PubMed

Ranki T, Pesonen S, Hemminki A, Partanen K, Kairemo K, Alanko T, Lundin J, Linder N, Turkki R, Ristimaki A, et al. Phase I study with ONCOS-102 for the treatment of solid tumors - an evaluation of clinical response and exploratory analyses of immune markers. J Immunother Cancer. 2016;4:17. doi:10.1186/s40425-016-0121-5. PubMed DOI PMC

Feister K, Collins S, Kasahara N, Slomovitz B. Meeting Library | Abstract B36: compassionate use of an oncolytic adenovirus in a Stage IV treatment-refractory ovarian cancer patient. Clin Cancer Res. 2017;23:B36–B.

McNeish IA, Michael A, Jayson GC, Glasspool RM, Brown R, Fisher K, Alvis S, Barrett J, Blanc CW, McElwaine-Johnn H A phase I/II study of enadenotucirev, a chimeric Ad11/Ad3 oncolytic group B adenovirus, administered intraperitoneally (IP) in platinum-resistant epithelial ovarian cancer: pharmacokinetic (PK) and tolerability data from phase I. J Clin Oncol. 2016;34:5543.

Taipale K, Liikanen I, Koski A, Heiskanen R, Kanerva A, Hemminki O, Oksanen M, Gronberg-Vaha-Koskela S, Hemminki K, Joensuu T, et al. Predictive and prognostic clinical variables in cancer patients treated with adenoviral oncolytic immunotherapy. Mol Ther. 2016;24:1323–1332. doi:10.1038/mt.2016.67. PubMed DOI PMC

Hemminki A, Oksanen M, Merisalo-Soikkeli M. Oncolytic virotherapy trials–letter. Clin Cancer Res. 2013;19:4541–4542. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-13-1471. PubMed DOI

Ramirez M, Ruano D, Moreno L, Lassaletta A, Bautista-Sirvent F, Andión M, Hernández C, González-Murillo A, Melen G, Alemany R, et al. Meeting library | first-in-child trial of celyvir (autologous mesenchymal stem cells carrying the oncolytic virus ICOVIR-5) in patients with relapsed and refractory pediatric solid tumors. J Clin Oncol. 2018;36 (suppl; abstr 10543) http://abstracts.asco.org/214/AbstView_214_220281.html.

Andtbacka RH, Dummer R, Gyorki D, Berger A, Conry R, Demidov L, Chan E, Treichel S, Faries M, Ross M Meeting library | interim analysis of a randomized, open-label phase 2 study of talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC) neoadjuvant treatment (neotx) plus surgery (surgx) vs surgx for resectable stage IIIB-IVM1a melanoma (MEL). J Clin Oncol. 2018;36 (suppl; abstr 9508) http://abstracts.asco.org/214/AbstView_214_213921.html.

Chesney J, Collichio F, Andtbacka RHI, Puzanov I, Glaspy J, Milhem M, Hamid O, Cranmer L, Saenger Y, Ross M, et al. Interim safety and efficacy of a randomized (1:1), open-label phase 2 study of talimogene laherparepvec (T) and ipilimumab (I) vs I alone in unresected, stage IIIB-IV melanoma. Ann Oncol. 2016;27:1108PD–PD. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdw379.04. DOI

Chesney J, Puzanov I, Collichio F, Singh P, Milhem MM, Glaspy J, Hamid O, Ross M, Friedlander P, Garbe C, et al. Randomized, open-label Phase II study evaluating the efficacy and safety of talimogene laherparepvec in combination with ipilimumab versus ipilimumab alone in patients with advanced, unresectable melanoma. J Clin Oncol. 2017;JCO2017737379. PubMed PMC

Chesney JA, Puzanov I, Ross MI, Collichio FA, Milhem MM, Chen L, Kim JJ, Garbe C, Hauschild A, Andtbacka RHI Primary results from a randomized (1:1), open-label phase II study of talimogene laherparepvec (T) and ipilimumab (I) vs I alone in unresected stage IIIB- IV melanoma. J Clin Oncol. 2017;35:9509.

Puzanov I, Milhem MM, Minor D, Hamid O, Li A, Chen L, Chastain M, Gorski KS, Anderson A, Chou J, et al. Talimogene laherparepvec in combination with ipilimumab in previously untreated, unresectable stage IIIB-IV melanoma. J Clin Oncol. 2016;34:2619–2626. doi:10.1200/JCO.2016.67.1529. PubMed DOI PMC

Kaufman HL, Amatruda T, Reid T, Gonzalez R, Glaspy J, Whitman E, Harrington K, Nemunaitis J, Zloza A, Wolf M, et al. Systemic versus local responses in melanoma patients treated with talimogene laherparepvec from a multi-institutional phase II study. J Immunother Cancer. 2016;4:12. doi:10.1186/s40425-016-0116-2. PubMed DOI PMC

Kaufman HL, Andtbacka RHI, Collichio FA, Wolf M, Zhao Z, Shilkrut M, Puzanov I, Ross M Durable response rate as an endpoint in cancer immunotherapy: insights from oncolytic virus clinical trials. J Immunother Cancer. 2017;5:72. doi:10.1186/s40425-017-0276-8. PubMed DOI PMC

Schvartsman G, Perez K, Flynn JE, Myers JN, Tawbi H. Safe and effective administration of T-VEC in a patient with heart transplantation and recurrent locally advanced melanoma. J Immunother Cancer. 2017;5:45. doi:10.1186/s40425-017-0250-5. PubMed DOI PMC

Harrington K, Kong A, Mach N, Rordorf T, Jaime J, Espeli V, Treichel S, Gumuscu B, Kim J, Chesney JA Meeting library | Safety and preliminary efficacy of talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC) in combination (combo) with pembrobrolizumab (Pembro) in patients (pts) with recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (R/M HNSCC): A multicenter, phase 1b study (MASTERKEY-232). J Clin Oncol. 2018;36 (suppl; abstr 6036) http://abstracts.asco.org/214/AbstView_214_224119.html.

Kelly C, Bowler T, Munhoz R, Chi P, Dickson M, Gounder M, Keohan M, Dholakia R, Condy M, Singer S, et al. Meeting library | A phase II study of talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC) and pembrolizumab in patients with metastatic sarcoma. J Clin Oncol. 2018;36 (suppl; abstr 11516). http://abstracts.asco.org/214/AbstView_214_222395.html.

Cui C, Chi Z, Si L, Sheng X, Li D, Wang X, Lian B, Tang B, Mao L, Yan X, et al. Meeting library | OrienX010 oncolytic viral therapy in phase Ib trial of intralesional injection in unresected stage IIIC to IV (M1a/M1b) acral melanoma patients in China. J Clin Oncol. 2016;34 (suppl; abstr e21001) http://ascopubs.org/doi/abs/10.1200/JCO.2016.34.15_suppl.e21001. DOI

Cui C, Cui C, Lian B, Chi Z, Si L, Sheng X, Li D, Li S, Tang B, Mao L, Wang X, et al. Meeting library | OrienX010 oncolytic viral therapy in phase Ic trial of intralesional injection in liver metastases among patients with stage IV melanoma after standard treatment. J Clin Oncol. 2017;35 (suppl; abstr e21013) http://ascopubs.org/doi/abs/10.1200/JCO.2017.35.15_suppl.e21013. DOI

Waters AM, Johnston JM, Reddy AT, Fiveash J, Madan-Swain A, Kachurak K, Bag AK, Gillespie GY, Markert JM, Friedman GK Rationale and design of a phase 1 clinical trial to evaluate HSV G207 alone or with a single radiation dose in children with progressive or recurrent malignant supratentorial brain tumors. Hum Gene Ther Clin Dev. 2017;28:7–16. doi:10.1089/humc.2017.002. PubMed DOI PMC

Patel DM, Foreman PM, Nabors LB, Riley KO, Gillespie GY, Markert JM. Design of a phase i clinical trial to evaluate M032, a genetically engineered HSV-1 expressing IL-12, in patients with recurrent/progressive glioblastoma multiforme, anaplastic astrocytoma, or gliosarcoma. Hum Gene Ther Clin Dev. 2016;27:69–78. doi:10.1089/humc.2016.031. PubMed DOI PMC

Streby KA, Geller JI, Currier MA, Warren PS, Racadio JM, Towbin AJ, Vaughan MR, Triplet M, Ott-Napier K, Dishman DJ, et al. Intratumoral injection of hsv1716, an oncolytic herpes virus, is safe and shows evidence of immune response and viral replication in young cancer patients. Clin Cancer Res. 2017;23:3566–3574. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-16-2900. PubMed DOI PMC

Kelly KJ, Wong J, Gonen M, Allen P, Brennan M, Coit D, Fong Y Human trial of a genetically modified herpes simplex virus for rapid detection of positive peritoneal cytology in the staging of pancreatic cancer. EBioMedicine. 2016;7:94–99. doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.03.043. PubMed DOI PMC

Zhang W, Bao L, Yang S, Qian Z, Dong M, Yin L, Zhao Q, Ge K, Deng Z, Zhang J, et al. Tumor-selective replication herpes simplex virus-based technology significantly improves clinical detection and prognostication of viable circulating tumor cells. Oncotarget. 2016;7:39768–39783. doi:10.18632/oncotarget.9465. PubMed DOI PMC

Hirooka Y, Kasuya H, Ishikawa T, Kawashima H, Ohno E, Villalobos IB, Naoe Y, Ichinose T, Koyama N, Tanaka M, et al. A phase I clinical trial of EUS-guided intratumoral injection of the oncolytic virus, HF10 for unresectable locally advanced pancreatic cancer. BMC Cancer. 2018;18:596. doi:10.1186/s12885-018-4242-8. PubMed DOI PMC

Andtbacka R, Ross M, Agarwala S, Taylor M, Vetto J, Neves R, Daud A, Khong H, Ungerleider R, Tanaka M Meeting library | Efficacy and genetic analysis for a phase II multicenter trial of HF10, a replication-competent HSV-1 oncolytic immunotherapy, and ipilimumab combination treatment in patients with stage IIIb-IV unresectable or metastatic melanoma. J Clin Oncol. 2018;36(suppl; abstr 9541). http://abstracts.asco.org/214/AbstView_214_229247.html.

Dispenzieri A, Tong C, LaPlant B, Lacy MQ, Laumann K, Dingli D, Zhou Y, Federspiel MJ, Gertz MA, Hayman S, et al. Phase I trial of systemic administration of edmonston strain of measles virus genetically engineered to express the sodium iodide symporter in patients with recurrent or refractory multiple myeloma. Leukemia. 2017;31:2791–2798. doi:10.1038/leu.2017.120. PubMed DOI PMC

Geletneky K, Hajda J, Angelova AL, Leuchs B, Capper D, Bartsch AJ, Neumann JO, Schoning T, Husing J, Beelte B, et al. Oncolytic H-1 parvovirus shows safety and signs of immunogenic activity in a first phase I/IIa glioblastoma trial. Mol Ther. 2017;25:2620–2634. doi:10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.08.016. PubMed DOI PMC

Pandha H, Harrington K, Ralph C, Melcher A, Gupta S, Akerley W, Sandborn RE, Rudin C, Rosenberg J, Kaufman D, et al. Meeting library | Abstract CT115: phase 1b KEYNOTE 200 (STORM study): A study of an intravenously delivered oncolytic virus, coxsackievirus A21 in combination with pembrolizumab in advanced cancer patients.. Cancer Research. 2017;77:CT115–CT. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-CT115. DOI

Pandha HS, Ralph C, Harrington K, Curti BD, Sanborn RE, Akerley WL, Gupta S, Rudin CM, Rosenberg JE, Kaufman DR, et al. Meeting library | Keynote-200 phase 1b: A novel combination study of intravenously delivered coxsackievirus A21 and pembrolizumab in advanced cancer patients. J Clin Oncol. 2017;35:TPS3108–TPS.

Pandha HS, Harrington KJ, Ralph C, Melcher A, Mansfield D, Grose M, Davies B, Karpathy R, Shafren D. Meeting library | Phase I STORM study (KEYNOTE 200): intravenous delivery of a novel oncolytic immunotherapy agent, Coxsackievirus A21 in combination with pembrolizumab in advanced cancer patients. J Clin Oncol. 2016;34:TPS3108–TPS.

Pandha HS, Annels NE, Simpson G, Mostafid H, Harrington KJ, Melcher A, Grose M, Davies B, Au GG, Karpathy R, et al. Meeting library | Phase I/II CANON study: oncolytic immunotherapy for the treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder (NMIBC) cancer using intravesical coxsackievirus A21. J Clin Oncol. 2016;34:e16016–e.

Andtbacka R, Curti B, Kaufman H, Nemunaitis J, Daniels GA, Hallmeyer S, Whitman E, Lutzky J, Schultz S, Spitler LE, et al. Meeting library | dynamics of tumor response in advanced melanoma patients treated with Coxsackievirus A21. J Clin Oncol. 2016;34.

Andtbacka R, Curti B, Kaufman H, Daniels G, Nemunaitis J, Spitler L, Hallmeyer S, Lutzky J, Schultz S, Whitman E, et al. Final data from CALM: A phase II study of Coxsackievirus A21 (CVA21) oncolytic virus immunotherapy in patients with advanced melanoma. J Clin Oncol. 2015;33:9030.

Alberts P, Olmane E, Brokane L, Krastina Z, Romanovska M, Kupcs K, Isajevs S, Proboka G, Erdmanis R, Nazarovs J, et al. Long-term treatment with the oncolytic ECHO-7 virus Rigvir of a melanoma stage IV M1c patient, a small cell lung cancer stage IIIA patient, and a histiocytic sarcoma stage IV patient-three case reports. APMIS. 2016;124:896–904. doi:10.1111/apm.12576. PubMed DOI

Proboka G, Tilgase A, Isajevs S, Rasa A, Alberts P. Melanoma unknown primary brain metastasis treatment with ECHO-7 oncolytic virus rigvir: a case report. Front Oncol. 2018;8:43. doi:10.3389/fonc.2018.00043. PubMed DOI PMC

Mell LK, Brumund KT, Daniels GA, Advani SJ, Zakeri K, Wright ME, Onyeama SJ, Weisman RA, Sanghvi PR, Martin PJ, et al. Phase I trial of intravenous oncolytic vaccinia virus (GL-ONC1) with cisplatin and radiotherapy in patients with locoregionally advanced head and neck carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res. 2017;23:5696–5702. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-16-3232. PubMed DOI

Holloway R, Kendrick J, Stephens A, Kennard J, Burt J, LeBlanc J, Sellers K, Smith J, Coakley S Meeting library | Phase 1b study of oncolytic vaccinia virus GL-ONC1 in recurrent ovarian cancer (ROC). J Clin Oncol. 2018;36(suppl; abstr 5577). http://abstracts.asco.org/214/AbstView_214_227961.html.

Downs-Canner S, Guo ZS, Ravindranathan R, Breitbach CJ, O’Malley ME, Jones HL, et al. Phase 1 study of intravenous oncolytic poxvirus (vvDD) in patients with advanced solid cancers. Mol Ther. 2016;24:1492–1501. doi:10.1038/mt.2016.101. PubMed DOI PMC

Formenti SC, Golden EB, Goldberg JD, Li X, Taff J, Fenton-Kerimian MB, Chandrasekhar S, Demaria S, Novik Y. Results of a phase I-II study of adjuvant concurrent carboplatin and accelerated radiotherapy for triple negative breast cancer. Oncoimmunology. 2017;6:e1274479. doi:10.1080/2162402X.2016.1274479. PubMed DOI PMC

Farren MR, Mace TA, Geyer S, Mikhail S, Wu C, Ciombor K, Tahiri S, Ahn D, Noonan AM, Villalona-Calero M, et al. Systemic immune activity predicts overall survival in treatment-naive patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2016;22:2565–2574. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-15-1732. PubMed DOI PMC

Noonan AM, Farren MR, Geyer SM, Huang Y, Tahiri S, Ahn D, Mikhail S, Ciombor KK, Pant S, Aparo S, et al. Randomized phase 2 trial of the oncolytic virus pelareorep (Reolysin) in upfront treatment of metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Mol Ther. 2016;24:1150–1158. doi:10.1038/mt.2016.66. PubMed DOI PMC

Mahalingam D, Fountzilas C, Moseley J, Noronha N, Tran H, Chakrabarty R, Selvaggi G, Coffey M, Thompson B, Sarantopoulos J. A phase II study of REOLYSIN(R) (pelareorep) in combination with carboplatin and paclitaxel for patients with advanced malignant melanoma. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2017;79:697–703. doi:10.1007/s00280-017-3260-6. PubMed DOI

Villalona-Calero MA, Lam E, Otterson GA, Zhao W, Timmons M, Subramaniam D, et al. Oncolytic reovirus in combination with chemotherapy in metastatic or recurrent non-small cell lung cancer patients with KRAS-activated tumors. Cancer. 2016;122:875–883. doi:10.1002/cncr.29856. PubMed DOI PMC

Cohn DE, Sill MW, Walker JL, O'Malley D, Nagel CI, Rutledge TL, Bradley W, Richardson DL, Moxley KM, Aghajanian C Randomized phase IIB evaluation of weekly paclitaxel versus weekly paclitaxel with oncolytic reovirus (Reolysin(R)) in recurrent ovarian, tubal, or peritoneal cancer: an NRG oncology/gynecologic oncology group study. Gynecol Oncol. 2017;146:477–483. doi:10.1016/j.ygyno.2017.07.135. PubMed DOI PMC

Bernstein V, Ellard SL, Dent SF, Tu D, Mates M, Dhesy-Thind SK, et al. A randomized phase II study of weekly paclitaxel with or without pelareorep in patients with metastatic breast cancer: final analysis of Canadian cancer trials group IND.213. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2017. PubMed

Lester JF, Casbard AC, Al-Taei S, Harrop R, Katona L, Attanoos RL, et al. A single centre phase II trial to assess the immunological activity of TroVax® plus pemetrexed/cisplatin in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma – the SKOPOS trial. Oncoimmunology. 2018;00. doi:10.1080/2162402X.2018.1457597. PubMed DOI PMC

Mikyskova R, Indrova M, Stepanek I, Kanchev I, Bieblova J, Vosahlikova S, et al. Dendritic cells pulsed with tumor cells killed by high hydrostatic pressure inhibit prostate tumor growth in TRAMP mice. Oncoimmunology. 2017;6:e1362528. doi:10.1080/2162402X.2017.1362528. PubMed DOI PMC

Morris D, Tu D, Tehfe M, Nicholas G, Goffin J, Gregg R, et al. Meeting library | A randomized Phase II study of reolysin in patients with previously treated advanced or metatstatic non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) receiving standard salvage chemotherapy – Canadian cancer trials group IND 211. J Clin Oncol. 2016;34:e20512.

Eigl BJ, Winquist E, Tu D, Hotte SJ, Canil CM, Gregg RW, et al. Meeting Library | A randomized phase II study of pelareorep (REO) plus docetaxel vs. docetaxel alone in patients with metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC): Canadian cancer trials group study IND 209. J Clin Oncol. 2017;35:5021.

Mahalingam D, Goel S, Aparo S, Patel Arora S, Noronha N, Tran H, et al. A phase ii study of pelareorep (REOLYSIN) in combination with gemcitabine for patients with advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel). 2018;10. doi:10.3390/cancers10060160. PubMed DOI PMC

Malesci A, Bianchi P, Celesti G, Basso G, Marchesi F, Grizzi F, et al. Tumor-associated macrophages and response to 5-fluorouracil adjuvant therapy in stage III colorectal cancer. Oncoimmunology. 2017;6:e1342918. doi:10.1080/2162402X.2017.1342918. PubMed DOI PMC

Mahalingam D, Fountzilas C, Moseley JL, Noronha N, Cheetham K, Dzugalo A, et al. Meeting Library | A study of REOLYSIN in combination with pembrolizumab and chemotherapy in patients (pts) with relapsed metastatic adenocarcinoma of the pancreas (MAP). J Clin Oncol. 2017;35:e15753–e.

Tang P, Jonker D, Kennecke H, Welch S, Cripps M, Asmis T, Chalchal H, Tomiak A, Ko Y, Chen E, et al. Meeting library | IND.210: A randomized phase 2 trial of FOLFOX6/bevacizumab with or without reovirus (Reo) in patients (pts) with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). J Clin Oncol. 2016;34.

Adamska A, Domenichini A, Falasca M. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: current and evolving therapies. Int J Mol Sci. 2017;18. PubMed PMC

Jonker D, Hotte S, Razak A, Renouf D, Lichty B, Bell J, Powers J, Breitbach CJ, Stojdl D, Stephenson K, et al. Meeting library | phase I study of oncolytic virus (OV) MG1 maraba/MAGE-A3 (MG1MA3), with and without transgenic MAGE-A3 adenovirus vaccine (AdMA3) in incurable advanced/metastatic MAGE-A3-expressing solid tumours: CCTGIND.214. J Clin Oncol. 2017;35:e14637–e14637.

Hummel J, Bienzle D, Morrison A, Cieplak M, Stephenson K, DeLay J, Woods JP, Lichty BD, Bridle BW Maraba virus-vectored cancer vaccines represent a safe and novel therapeutic option for cats. Sci Rep. 2017;7:15738. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-15992-4:3546–3546 PubMed DOI PMC

Freytag SO, Stricker H, Lu M, Elshaikh M, Aref I, Pradhan D, Levin K, Kim JH, Peabody J, Siddiqui F, et al. Prospective randomized phase 2 trial of intensity modulated radiation therapy with or without oncolytic adenovirus-mediated cytotoxic gene therapy in intermediate-risk prostate cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2014;89:268–276. doi:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.02.034. PubMed DOI PMC

Freytag SO, Barton KN, Brown SL, Narra V, Zhang Y, Tyson D, Nall C, Lu M, Ajlouni M, Movsas B, et al. Replication-competent adenovirus-mediated suicide gene therapy with radiation in a preclinical model of pancreatic cancer. Mol Ther. 2007;15:1600–1606. doi:10.1038/sj.mt.6300212. PubMed DOI

Barton KN, Paielli D, Zhang Y, Koul S, Brown SL, Lu M, Seely J, Kim JH, Freytag SO Second-generation replication-competent oncolytic adenovirus armed with improved suicide genes and ADP gene demonstrates greater efficacy without increased toxicity. Mol Ther. 2006;13:347–356. doi:10.1016/j.ymthe.2005.10.005. PubMed DOI

Yu D, Leja-Jarblad J, Loskog A, Hellman P, Giandomenico V, Oberg K, Essand M Preclinical evaluation of advince, an oncolytic adenovirus adapted for treatment of liver metastases from neuroendocrine cancer. Neuroendocrinology. 2017;105:54–66. doi:10.1159/000448430. PubMed DOI

Kim JW, Auffinger B, Spencer DA, Miska J, Chang AL, Kane JR, Young JS, Kanojia D, Qiao J, Mann JF, et al. Single dose GLP toxicity and biodistribution study of a conditionally replicative adenovirus vector, CRAd-S-pk7, administered by intracerebral injection to Syrian hamsters. J Transl Med. 2016;14:134. doi:10.1186/s12967-016-0867-z. PubMed DOI PMC

Thaci B, Ahmed AU, Ulasov IV, Tobias AL, Han Y, Aboody KS, Lesniak MS Pharmacokinetic study of neural stem cell-based cell carrier for oncolytic virotherapy: targeted delivery of the therapeutic payload in an orthotopic brain tumor model. Cancer Gene Ther. 2012;19:431–442. doi:10.1038/cgt.2012.21. PubMed DOI PMC

Ulasov IV, Zhu ZB, Tyler MA, Han Y, Rivera AA, Khramtsov A, Curiel DT, Lesniak MS Survivin-driven and fiber-modified oncolytic adenovirus exhibits potent antitumor activity in established intracranial glioma. Hum Gene Ther. 2007;18:589–602. doi:10.1089/hum.2007.002. PubMed DOI

Kojima T, Fujiwara T, Shirakawa Y, Ono H, Nakamoto M, Hasegawa H, Hirano N, Wakabayashi M, Nomura S, Togashi Y, et al. Meeting Library | an open label phase I study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of OBP-301 with pembrolizumab in patients with advanced solid tumors. J Clin Oncol. 2018;36(suppl; abstr TPS3117). http://abstracts.asco.org/214/AbstView_214_216803.html.

Rodriguez-Garcia A, Gimenez-Alejandre M, Rojas JJ, Moreno R, Bazan-Peregrino M, Cascallo M, Alemany R Safety and efficacy of VCN-01, an oncolytic adenovirus combining fiber HSG-binding domain replacement with RGD and hyaluronidase expression. Clin Cancer Res. 2015;21:1406–1418. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-14-2213. PubMed DOI

Tejada S, Alonso M, Patino A, Fueyo J, Gomez-Manzano C, Diez-Valle R. Phase I trial of DNX-2401 for diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma newly diagnosed in pediatric patients. Neurosurgery. 2017;doi:10.1093/neuros/nyx507. PubMed DOI

Harb WA, Cerec V, McElwaine-Johnn H, Champion B, Alvis S, Jain N, Ellis C, Fisher K, Beadle JW Meeting library | A phase I study of pembrolizumab in combination with enadenotucirev (EnAd) (SPICE) in subjects with metastatic or advanced carcinoma. J Clin Oncol. 2016;34:TPS3112–TPS.

Hu-Lieskovan S, Moon J, Campos D, Grossmann K, Sosman J, Ryan C, Wu M, Ribas A Meeting library | reversing resistance to PD-1 blockade by combination of talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC) with pembrolizumab (pembro) in advanced melanoma patients following progression on a prior PD-1 inhibitor: SWOG S1607 (NCT02965716). J Clin Oncol. 2018;36 (suppl; abstr TPS9603). http://abstracts.asco.org/214/AbstView_214_221999.html.

Hotta Y, Kasuya H, Bustos I, Naoe Y, Ichinose T, Tanaka M, Kodera Y Curative effect of HF10 on liver and peritoneal metastasis mediated by host antitumor immunity. Oncolytic Virother. 2017;6:31–38. doi:10.2147/OV.S127179. PubMed DOI PMC

Heinrich B, Klein J, Delic M, Goepfert K, Engel V, Geberzahn L, Lusky M, Erbs P, Preville X, Moehler M Immunogenicity of oncolytic vaccinia viruses JX-GFP and TG6002 in a human melanoma in vitro model: studying immunogenic cell death, dendritic cell maturation and interaction with cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Onco Targets Ther. 2017;10:2389–2401. doi:10.2147/OTT.S126320. PubMed DOI PMC

Vacchelli E, Eggermont A, Sautes-Fridman C, Galon J, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L Trial Watch:: oncolytic viruses for cancer therapy. Oncoimmunology. 2014;3:e28694. doi:10.4161/onci.28694. PubMed DOI PMC

Vacchelli E, Eggermont A, Sautes-Fridman C, Galon J, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, et al. Trial watch: oncolytic viruses for cancer therapy. Oncoimmunology. 2013;2:e24612. doi:10.4161/onci.24612. PubMed DOI PMC

Calreticulin and cancer