The role of gut microbiota in intestinal and liver diseases
Language English Country England, Great Britain Media print-electronic
Document type Journal Article, Review
- Keywords
- cancer, coeliac disease, dysbiosis, inflammatory bowel disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,
- MeSH
- Dysbiosis microbiology physiopathology MeSH
- Germ-Free Life physiology MeSH
- Disease Models, Animal MeSH
- Mice MeSH
- Liver Diseases microbiology physiopathology MeSH
- Intestinal Diseases microbiology physiopathology MeSH
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome physiology MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Mice MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Review MeSH
The world-wide incidence of many immune-mediated and metabolic diseases, including those of the intestines and liver, is steadily increasing. Gut microbiota plays a central role in the pathogenesis of these diseases as it mediates environmental changes to the intestinal immune system. Various environmental factors including diet, food additives and medication also trigger the compositional and functional alterations of microbiota, that is, dysbiosis, and this dysbiosis is closely associated with many chronic inflammatory diseases. However, the causal relationship remains unclear for the majority of these diseases. In this review, we discuss essential epidemiological data, known pathogenetic factors including those of genetic and environmental nature, while mainly focusing on the role of gut microbiota in the development of selected intestinal and liver diseases. Using specific examples, we also briefly describe some of the most widely-used animal models including gnotobiotic models and their contribution to the research of pathogenetic mechanisms of the host-microbiota relationship.
Faculty of Medicine Charles University Czech Republic
Institute of Microbiology The Czech Academy of Sciences Czech Republic
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