Many studies have addressed several plant-insect interaction topics at nutritional, molecular, physiological, and evolutionary levels. However, it is still unknown how flexible the metabolism and the nutritional content of specialist insect herbivores feeding on different closely related plants can be. We performed elemental, stoichiometric, and metabolomics analyses on leaves of two coexisting Pinus sylvestris subspecies and on their main insect herbivore; the caterpillar of the processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa). Caterpillars feeding on different pine subspecies had distinct overall metabolome structure, accounting for over 10% of the total variability. Although plants and insects have very divergent metabolomes, caterpillars showed certain resemblance to their plant-host metabolome. In addition, few plant-related secondary metabolites were found accumulated in caterpillar tissues which could potentially be used for self-defense. Caterpillars feeding on N and P richer needles had lower N and P tissue concentration and higher C:N and C:P ratios, suggesting that nutrient transfer is not necessarily linear through trophic levels and other plant-metabolic factors could be interfering. This exploratory study showed that little chemical differences between plant food sources can impact the overall metabolome of specialist insect herbivores. Significant nutritional shifts in herbivore tissues could lead to larger changes of the trophic web structure.

CREAF Center for Ecological and Forestry Applications Cerdanyola del Vallès 08913 Catalonia Spain

CSIC Global Ecology Unit CREAF CEAB CSIC UAB Cerdanyola del Vallès 08913 Catalonia Spain

Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA 99354 USA

Global Change Research Institute Czech Academy of Sciences Bĕlidla 4a CZ 603 00 Brno Czech Republic

Grupo de Ecología Terrestre Departamento de Biología Animal y Ecología Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Granada 18071 Granada Spain

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Ecometabolomics for a Better Understanding of Plant Responses and Acclimation to Abiotic Factors Linked to Global Change