Restoration of damaged central nervous system structures, functional recovery, and prevention of neuronal loss during neurodegenerative diseases are major objectives in cerebellar research. The highly organized anatomical structure of the cerebellum with numerous inputs/outputs, the complexity of cerebellar functions, and the large spectrum of cerebellar ataxias render therapies of cerebellar disorders highly challenging. There are currently several therapeutic approaches including motor rehabilitation, neuroprotective drugs, non-invasive cerebellar stimulation, molecularly based therapy targeting pathogenesis of the disease, and neurotransplantation. We discuss the goals and possible beneficial mechanisms of transplantation therapy for cerebellar damage and its limitations and factors determining outcome.

Department of Neurology CHU Charleroi 6000 Charleroi Belgium

Department of Neurophysiology and Neural Repair Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine 3 39 22 Maebashi Gunma 371 8511 Japan

Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi Montalcini University of Turin 10126 Turin Italy

Department of Pathophysiology Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen Charles University alej Svobody 1655 76 323 00 Plzen Czech Republic

IBPS UMR8256 Biological Adaptation and Ageing Sorbonne Université and CNRS Paris France

Istituto di Genetica Molecolare CNR 27100 Pavia Italy

Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders Biomedical Center Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen Charles University alej Svobody 1655 76 323 00 Plzen Czech Republic

Medical Education Promotion Center Tokyo Medical University Tokyo Japan

Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi Orbassano 10043 Turin Italy

Neurosurgery Dipartimento di Scienze Clinico Chirurgiche Diagnostiche e Pediatriche Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S Matteo Università degli Studi di Pavia 27100 Pavia Italy

Service des Neurosciences Université de Mons 7000 Mons Belgium

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