Microtubules of all eukaryotic cells are formed by α- and β-tubulin heterodimers. In addition to the well known cytoplasmic tubulins, a subpopulation of tubulin can occur in the nucleus. So far, the potential function of nuclear tubulin has remained elusive. In this work, we show that α- and β-tubulins of various organisms contain multiple conserved nuclear export sequences, which are potential targets of the Exportin 1/CRM1 pathway. We demonstrate exemplarily that these NES motifs are sufficient to mediate export of GFP as model cargo and that this export can be inhibited by leptomycin B, an inhibitor of the Exportin 1/CRM1 pathway. Likewise, leptomycin B causes accumulation of GFP-tagged tubulin in interphase nuclei, in both plant and animal model cells. Our analysis of nuclear tubulin content supports the hypothesis that an important function of nuclear tubulin export is the exclusion of tubulin from interphase nuclei, after being trapped by nuclear envelope reassembly during telophase.

Department of Cell Biology Faculty of Science Charles University Prague Viničná 7 Czech Republic

Department of Experimental Plant Biology Faculty of Science Charles University Viničná 5 Prague Czech Republic

Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique Université de Strasbourg F67084 Strasbourg cedex France

Molecular Cell Biology Botanical Institute Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Fritz Haber Weg 4 76131 Karlsruhe Germany

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