Octosporaconidiophora is described as a new species, based on collections from South Africa. It is characterised by apothecia with a distinct margin, smooth or finely warted ellipsoid ascospores, stiff, thick-walled hyaline hairs, warted mycelial hyphae and growth on pleurocarpous mosses Trichosteleumperchlorosum and Sematophyllumbrachycarpum (Hypnales) on decaying wood in afromontane forests. It is the first species of bryophilous Pezizales in which an anamorph has been observed; it produces long, claviform, curved, hyaline and transversely septate conidia. Three other cryptic species of Octospora were detected using three molecular markers (LSU and SSU nrDNA and EF1α), but these could not be distinguished phenotypically. These are not described formally here and an informal species aggregate O.conidiophora agg. is established for them. The new species and finds of Lamprosporacampylopodis growing on Campylopuspyriformis and Neottiellaalbocincta on Atrichumandrogynum represent the first records of bryophilous Pezizales in South Africa.

Department of Botany Faculty of Science Palacký University Olomouc Šlechtitelů 27 Olomouc CZ 78371 Czech Republic Crop Research Institute Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research Olomouc Czech Republic

Department of Genetic Resources for Vegetables Medicinal and Special Plants Crop Research Institute Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research Šlechtitelů 29 Olomouc CZ 78371 Czech Republic Universität München München Germany

Ludwig Maximilians Universität München Systematische Botanik und Mykologie Menzinger Straße 67 München D 80638 Germany Palacký University Olomouc Olomouc Czech Republic

National Herbarium South African National Biodiversity Institute Private Bag X101 Pretoria 0001 South Africa National Herbarium South African National Biodiversity Institute Pretoria South Africa

School of Animal Plant and Environmental Sciences University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg PO WITS 2050 South Africa University of the Witwa tersrand Johannesburg South Africa

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