Experimental results obtained in different laboratories world-wide by researchers using surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) can differ significantly. We, an international team of scientists with long-standing expertise in SERS, address this issue from our perspective by presenting considerations on reliable and quantitative SERS. The central idea of this joint effort is to highlight key parameters and pitfalls that are often encountered in the literature. To that end, we provide here a series of recommendations on: a) the characterization of solid and colloidal SERS substrates by correlative electron and optical microscopy and spectroscopy, b) on the determination of the SERS enhancement factor (EF), including suitable Raman reporter/probe molecules, and finally on c) good analytical practice. We hope that both newcomers and specialists will benefit from these recommendations to increase the inter-laboratory comparability of experimental SERS results and further establish SERS as an analytical tool.

Chair in Hybrid Nano systems Nano institute Munich Faculty of Physics Ludwig Maximilians Universität München 80539 Munich Germany

CIC biomaGUNE and CIBER BBN Paseo de Miramón 182 20014 Donostia San Sebastian Spain

Department of Chemistry and CENIDE University of Duisburg Essen 45141 Essen Germany

Department of Chemistry Humboldt Universität zu Berlin 12489 Berlin Germany

IMMM UMR 6283 CNRS Le Mans Université Avenue Olivier Messiaen 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9 France

Institute of Physics Faculty of Mathematics and Physics Charles University Ke Karlovu 5 121 16 Prague 2 Czech Republic

Laboratoire MSC Université Paris Diderot 75013 Paris France

School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Queen's University Belfast BT9 5AG UK

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Metal-Organic Frameworks in Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy-Based Analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds

Quantification of Antiviral Drug Tenofovir (TFV) by Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) Using Cumulative Distribution Functions (CDFs)

Toward a New Era of SERS and TERS at the Nanometer Scale: From Fundamentals to Innovative Applications

Modification of a SERS-active Ag surface to promote adsorption of charged analytes: effect of Cu2+ ions