Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and tip-enhanced Raman scattering (TERS) have opened a variety of exciting research fields. However, although a vast number of applications have been proposed since the two techniques were first reported, none has been applied to real practical use. This calls for an update in the recent fundamental and application studies of SERS and TERS. Thus, the goals and scope of this review are to report new directions and perspectives of SERS and TERS, mainly from the viewpoint of combining their mechanism and application studies. Regarding the recent progress in SERS and TERS, this review discusses four main topics: (1) nanometer to subnanometer plasmonic hotspots for SERS; (2) Ångström resolved TERS; (3) chemical mechanisms, i.e., charge-transfer mechanism of SERS and semiconductor-enhanced Raman scattering; and (4) the creation of a strong bridge between the mechanism studies and applications.

College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization Northeast Forestry University Harbin145040 China

Faculty of Mathematics and Physics Institute of Physics Charles University Ke Karlovu 5 121 16Prague 2 Czech Republic

Health and Medical Research Institute National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology 2217 14 Hayashi cho Takamatsu 761 0395Kagawa Japan

Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale University of Science and Technique of China Hefei230026 China

School of Biological and Environmental Sciences Kwansei Gakuin University 2 1 Gakuen Sanda 669 1330Hyogo Japan

School of Materials Science Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Nomi 923 1292Ishikawa Japan

Toyota Physical and Chemical Research Institute Nagakute 480 1192Aichi Japan

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