BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to identify the incidence trends of primary and secondary peritoneal surface malignancies in a representative Czech population. METHODS: Data were obtained from patients registered in the Czech National Cancer Registry between 1979 and 2016. The incidence rates were analyzed between 2012 and 2016. To observe the incidence trends, we analyzed the data from two time periods, 1979-2005 and 2006-2016. The analyzed data included age, sex, and the histological types and primary origins of the malignancies. The Cochrane-Armitage test for linear trends was used for verification of the null hypothesis. The significance level established for hypothesis testing was p = 0.05. RESULTS: Between 2012 and 2016, 230 patients with primary peritoneal tumors were identified and divided into the following groups according to their "International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th revision" codes: malignant neoplasm of specified parts of the peritoneum (C48.1); malignant neoplasm of the peritoneum, unspecified (C48.2); and malignant neoplasm of overlapping sites of the retroperitoneum and peritoneum (C48.8). Moreover, 549 primary tumors of the appendix (C18.1, encompassing all appendiceal malignancies) and 3137 secondary synchronous peritoneal carcinomatoses of other primary origins were documented. The age-adjusted incidence of primary peritoneal tumors in 2012-2016 was 4.36/year/1,000,000 inhabitants. The age-adjusted incidence of synchronous secondary peritoneal malignancies in 2014-2016 was 99.0/year/1,000,000 inhabitants. The diagnoses of primary peritoneal malignancies followed a stable trend between 1979 and 2016. However, the incidences of primary tumors of the appendix increased by 76.7%. CONCLUSIONS: The data produced in our study ought to clarify the status of peritoneal surface malignancies in the Czech Republic, which can lead to improved planning and development of therapeutic interventions as well as physician training.

Department of Oncology Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc Hněvotínská 3 CZ 779 00 Olomouc Czech Republic

Department of Surgery 1 Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc Olomouc Czech Republic

Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses Faculty of Medicine Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic

Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic Prague Czech Republic

Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry Palacky University Olomouc Olomouc Czech Republic

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