It is known that tetraspanin proteins are involved in many physiological somatic cell mechanisms. Additionally, research has indicated they also have a role in various infectious diseases and cancers. This review focuses on the molecular interactions underlying the tetraspanin web formation in gametes. Primarily, tetraspanins act in the reproductive tract as organizers of membrane complexes, which include the proteins involved in the contact and association of sperm and oocyte membranes. In addition, recent data shows that tetraspanins are likely to be involved in these processes in a complex way. In mammalian fertilization, an important role is attributed to CD molecules belonging to the tetraspanin superfamily, particularly CD9, CD81, CD151, and also CD63; mostly as part of extracellular vesicles, the significance of which and their potential in reproduction is being intensively investigated. In this article, we reviewed the existing knowledge regarding the expression of tetraspanins CD9, CD81, CD151, and CD63 in mammalian spermatozoa, oocytes, and embryos and their involvement in reproductive processes, including pathological events.

Department of Veterinary Sciences Faculty of Agrobiology Food and Natural Resources Czech University of Life Sciences Prague Prague Czech Republic

Department of Zoology Faculty of Science Charles University Prague Czech Republic

Faculty of Science University of Hradec Králové Hradec Králové Czech Republic

Laboratory of Reproductive Biology Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences BIOCEV Vestec Czech Republic

Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology Center of Biosciences Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics Slovak Academy of Sciences Bratislava Slovak Republic

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Med Microbiol Immunol. 2020 Oct;209(5):653-655. doi: 10.1007/s00430-020-00686-y. PubMed

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