The actuation of micro/nanomachines by means of a magnetic field is a promising fuel-free way to transport cargo in microscale dimensions. This type of movement has been extensively studied for a variety of micro/nanomachine designs, and a special magnetic field configuration results in a near-surface walking. We developed "walking" micromachines which transversally move in a magnetic field, and we used them as microrobotic scalpels to enter and exit an individual cancer cell and cut a small cellular fragment. In these microscalpels, the center of mass lies approximately in the middle of their length. The microrobotic scalpels show good propulsion efficiency and high step-out frequencies of the magnetic field. Au/Ag/Ni microrobotic scalpels controlled by a transversal rotating magnetic field can enter the cytoplasm of cancer cells and also are able to remove a piece of the cytosol while leaving the cytoplasmic membrane intact in a microsurgery-like manner. We believe that this concept can be further developed for potential biological or medical applications.

Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots Department of Inorganic Chemistry University of Chemistry and Technology Prague 166 28 Czech Republic

Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology University of Chemistry and Technology Prague 166 28 Czech Republic

Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Korea

Department of Medical Research China Medical University Hospital China Medical University Taichung 40402 Taiwan

Future Energy and Innovation Laboratory Central European Institute of Technology Brno University of Technology Brno 612 00 Czech Republic

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