Infectious diseases, such as the most recent case of coronavirus disease 2019, have brought the prospect of point-of-care (POC) diagnostic tests into the spotlight. A rapid, accurate, low-cost, and easy-to-use test in the field could stop epidemics before they develop into full-blown pandemics. Unfortunately, despite all the advances, it still does not exist. Here, we critically review the limited number of prototypes demonstrated to date that is based on a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and has come close to fulfill this vision. We summarize the requirements for the POC-PCR tests and then go on to discuss the PCR product-detection methods, the integration of their functional components, the potential applications, and other practical issues related to the implementation of lab-on-a-chip technologies. We conclude our review with a discussion of the latest findings on nucleic acid-based diagnosis.

CEITEC Brno University of Technology Purkyňova 123 612 00 Brno Czech Republic

Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Hong Kong S A R PR China

Department of Microsystem Engineering School of Mechanical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University 127 West Youyi Road Xi'an 710072 Shaanxi PR China

Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communications Brno University of Technology Technická 3058 10 616 00 Brno Czech Republic

Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics 1 Faculty of Medicine Charles University and General University Hospital Prague Albertov 4 Prague 2 Czech Republic

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