Exercise Training Reduces Inflammation of Adipose Tissue in the Elderly: Cross-Sectional and Randomized Interventional Trial
Language English Country United States Media print
Document type Journal Article, Randomized Controlled Trial, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PubMed
32902644
DOI
10.1210/clinem/dgaa630
PII: 5903324
Knihovny.cz E-resources
- Keywords
- adipose tissue inflammation, aging, cardiorespiratory fitness, exercise training, insulin sensitivity, omega-3 fatty acids,
- MeSH
- Exercise physiology MeSH
- Insulin Resistance physiology MeSH
- Cardiorespiratory Fitness physiology MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Cross-Sectional Studies MeSH
- Aged, 80 and over MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Aging physiology MeSH
- Muscle Strength physiology MeSH
- Physical Fitness physiology MeSH
- Exercise Therapy MeSH
- Adipose Tissue immunology metabolism pathology MeSH
- Inflammation metabolism pathology prevention & control MeSH
- Check Tag
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Aged, 80 and over MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Randomized Controlled Trial MeSH
CONTEXT: Metabolic disturbances and a pro-inflammatory state associated with aging and obesity may be mitigated by physical activity or nutrition interventions. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to assess whether physical fitness/exercise training (ET) alleviates inflammation in adipose tissue (AT), particularly in combination with omega-3 supplementation, and whether changes in AT induced by ET can contribute to an improvement of insulin sensitivity and metabolic health in the elderly. DESIGN, PARTICIPANTS, MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The effect of physical fitness was determined in cross-sectional comparison of physically active/physically fit (trained) and sedentary/less physically fit (untrained) older women (71 ± 4 years, n = 48); and in double-blind randomized intervention by 4 months of ET with or without omega-3 (Calanus oil) supplementation (n = 55). Physical fitness was evaluated by spiroergometry (maximum graded exercise test) and senior fitness tests. Insulin sensitivity was measured by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. Samples of subcutaneous AT were used to analyze mRNA gene expression, cytokine secretion, and immune cell populations. RESULTS: Trained women had lower mRNA levels of inflammation and oxidative stress markers, lower relative content of CD36+ macrophages, and higher relative content of γδT-cells in AT when compared with untrained women. Similar effects were recapitulated in response to a 4-month ET intervention. Content of CD36+ cells, γδT-cells, and mRNA expression of several inflammatory and oxidative stress markers correlated to insulin sensitivity and cardiorespiratory fitness. CONCLUSIONS: In older women, physical fitness is associated with less inflammation in AT. This may contribute to beneficial metabolic outcomes achieved by ET. When combined with ET, omega-3 supplementation had no additional beneficial effects on AT inflammatory characteristics.
Department of Medicine 2 Královské Vinohrady University Hospital Prague Czech Republic
Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Charles University Prague Czech Republic
References provided by Crossref.org
ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT03386461
