INTRODUCTION: The global COVID-19 pandemic has affected the economy, daily life, and mental/physical health. The latter includes the use of electroencephalography (EEG) in clinical practice and research. We report a survey of the impact of COVID-19 on the use of clinical EEG in practice and research in several countries, and the recommendations of an international panel of experts for the safe application of EEG during and after this pandemic. METHODS: Fifteen clinicians from 8 different countries and 25 researchers from 13 different countries reported the impact of COVID-19 on their EEG activities, the procedures implemented in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, and precautions planned or already implemented during the reopening of EEG activities. RESULTS: Of the 15 clinical centers responding, 11 reported a total stoppage of all EEG activities, while 4 reduced the number of tests per day. In research settings, all 25 laboratories reported a complete stoppage of activity, with 7 laboratories reopening to some extent since initial closure. In both settings, recommended precautions for restarting or continuing EEG recording included strict hygienic rules, social distance, and assessment for infection symptoms among staff and patients/participants. CONCLUSIONS: The COVID-19 pandemic interfered with the use of EEG recordings in clinical practice and even more in clinical research. We suggest updated best practices to allow safe EEG recordings in both research and clinical settings. The continued use of EEG is important in those with psychiatric diseases, particularly in times of social alarm such as the COVID-19 pandemic.

3rd Medical Faculty Charles University Prague Czech Republic

AZ Sint Jan Brugge Oostende AV Campus Henri Serruys Lab of Neurophysiology Department Neurology Psychiatry Ostend Belgium

BIND Behavioral Imaging and Neural Dynamics Center Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences University G d'Annunzio of Chieti Pescara Chieti Italy

Brainlab Cognitive Neuroscience Research Group Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology Institute of Neurosciences University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain

Clinical Neurophysiology Research Laboratory University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh PA USA

Cognitive and Clinical Psychology Laboratory Department of Human Science European University of Rome Rome Italy

Department of Biophysics School of Medicine Istanbul Medipol University Istanbul Turkey

Department of Neurosciences Public Health and Sense Organs Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy

Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Erspamer Sapienza University of Rome Italy

Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University Hospital LMU Munich Munich Germany

Department of Psychiatry Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Osaka Japan

Department of Psychiatry University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli Naples Italy

Department of Psychiatry University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada

Department of Psychiatry University of Tübingen Germany; LEAD Graduate School and Training Center Tübingen Germany

Department of Psychology Mount Saint Vincent University and Department of Psychiatry Nova Scotia Health Authority Halifax Nova Scotia Canada

Department of Psychology Sapienza University of Rome Fondazione Santa Lucia Rome Italy

Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile e Ingegneria Informatica University of Rome Tor Vergata Rome Italy

German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases DZNE Tübingen Germany

Group Neurotope Ghent Belgium

Institute of Brain and Psychological Sciences Sichuan Normal University Chengdu China

Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology Research Centre for Natural Sciences Budapest Hungary

IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia Rome Italy

Kemal Arıkan Psychiatry Clinic Istanbul Turkey

Laboratoire de Psychologie Médicale et d'Addictologie ULB Neuroscience Institute Belgium

Laboratory of Psychophysiology and Cognitive Neuroscience Chair of Psychiatry Department of Systems Medicine School of Medicine and Surgery University of Rome Tor Vergata Rome Italy

Mental Health Network Fribourg Sector of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy for Adults Marsens Switzerland

National Institute of Mental Health Klecany Czech Republic

Psychological Neuroscience Laboratory Center for Research in Psychology School of Psychology University of Minho Braga Portugal

Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics Department for Psychiatry University Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland

Research Unit in Affective and Social Neuroscience Department of Psychology Catholic University of Milan Milan Italy

San Raffaele Cassino Cassino Italy

Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders Shanghai Mental Health Center Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China

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