Polysaccharide nanoparticles are promising materials in the wide range of disciplines such as medicine, nutrition, food production, agriculture, material science and others. They excel not only in their non-toxicity and biodegradability but also in their easy preparation. As well as inorganic particles, a protein corona (PC) around polysaccharide nanoparticles is formed in biofluids. Moreover, it has been considered that the overall response of the organism to nanoparticles presence depends on the PC. This review summarises scientific publications about the structural chemistry of polysaccharide nanoparticles and their impact on theranostic applications. Three strategies of implementation of the PC in theranostics have been discussed: I) Utilisation of the PC in therapy; II) How the composition of the PC is analysed for specific disease markers; III) How the formed PC can interact with the immune system and enhances the immunomodulation or immunoelimination. Thus, the findings from this review can contribute to improve the design of drug delivery systems. However, it is still necessary to elucidate the mechanisms of nano-bio interactions and discover new connections in nanoscale research.

Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Production Mendel University in Brno Zemedelska 1 613 00 Brno Czech Republic

Department of Biomedical and Environmental Analyses Faculty of Pharmacy with Division of Laboratory Medicine Wroclaw Medical University Borowska 211 50 556 Wroclaw Poland

Department of Molecular Pharmacy Faculty of Pharmacy Masaryk University Palackeho 1946 1 612 00 Brno Czech Republic

Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Pharmacy Masaryk University Palackeho 1946 1 612 00 Brno Czech Republic

Department of Research and Development Prevention Medicals Tovarni 342 742 13 Studenka Butovice Czech Republic

Department of Viticulture and Enology Faculty of Horticulture Mendel University in Brno Valticka 337 CZ 691 44 Lednice Czech Republic

School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences Robert Gordon University Garthdee Road AB10 7QB Aberdeen UK

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