The Influence of Mixing Methods of Epoxy Composition Ingredients on Selected Mechanical Properties of Modified Epoxy Construction Materials

. 2021 Jan 15 ; 14 (2) : . [epub] 20210115

Status PubMed-not-MEDLINE Jazyk angličtina Země Švýcarsko Médium electronic

Typ dokumentu časopisecké články

Perzistentní odkaz   https://www.medvik.cz/link/pmid33467604

Grantová podpora
030/RID/2018/19 The research was financed in the framework of the project Lublin University of Technology - Regional Excellence Initiative, funded by the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education (contract no. 030/RID/2018/19).

The proper process of preparing an adhesive composition has a significant impact on the degree of dispersion of the composition ingredients in the matrix, as well as on the degree of aeration of the resulting composition, which in turn directly affects the strength and functional properties of the obtained adhesive compositions. The paper presents the results of tensile strength tests and SEM microphotographs of the adhesive composition of Epidian 57 epoxy resin with Z-1 curing agent, which was modified using three fillers NanoBent ZR2 montmorillonite, CaCO3 calcium carbonate and CWZ-22 active carbon. For comparison purposes, samples made of unmodified composition were also tested. The compositions were prepared with the use of six mixing methods, with variable parameters such as type of mixer arm, deaeration and epoxy resin temperature. Then, three mixing speeds were applied: 460, 1170 and 2500 rpm. The analyses of the obtained results showed that the most effective tensile results were obtained in the case of mixing with the use of a dispersing disc mixer with preliminary heating of the epoxy resin to 50 °C and deaeration of the composition during mixing. The highest tensile strength of adhesive compositions was obtained at the highest mixing speed; however, the best repeatability of the results was observed at 1170 rpm mixing speed. Based on a comparison test of average values, it was observed that, in case of modified compositions, the values of average tensile strength obtained at mixing speeds at 1170 and 2500 rpm do not differ significantly with the assumed level of significance α = 0.05.

Zobrazit více v PubMed

Godzimirski J., Komorek A. The Influence of Selected Test Conditions on the Impact Strength of Adhesively Bonded Connections. Materials. 2020;13:1320. doi: 10.3390/ma13061320. PubMed DOI PMC

Rudawska A., Zaleski K., Miturska I., Skoczylas A. Effect of the Application of Different Surface Treatment Methods on the Strength of Titanium Alloy Sheet Adhesive Lap Joints. Materials. 2019;12:4173. doi: 10.3390/ma12244173. PubMed DOI PMC

Miravalles M. Master’s Thesis. Chalmers University of Technology; Göteborg, Sweden: 2007. The Creep Behaviour of Adhesives.

Dunn D.J. Engineering and Structural Adhesives. Rapra Technology; Shrewsbury, UK: 2004. Rapra review reports.

Silva L.F.M., da Öchsner A., Adams R.D., editors. Handbook of Adhesion Technology. Springer; Heidelberg, Germany: 2011. Springer reference.

Yoon I.-N., Lee Y., Kang D., Min J., Won J., Kim M., Soo Kang Y., Kim S., Kim J.-J. Modification of hydrogenated Bisphenol A epoxy adhesives using nanomaterials. Int. J. Adhes. Adhes. 2011;31:119–125. doi: 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2010.11.010. DOI

Müller M., Valášek P., Rudawska A. Mechanical properties of adhesive bonds reinforced with biological fabric. J. Adhes. Sci. Technol. 2017;31:1859–1871. doi: 10.1080/01694243.2017.1285743. DOI

Rudawska A., Worzakowska M., Bociąga E., Olewnik-Kruszkowska E. Investigation of selected properties of adhesive compositions based on epoxy resins. Int. J. Adhes. Adhes. 2019;92:23–36. doi: 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2019.04.008. DOI

Müller M., Valášek P., Rudawska A., Chotěborský R. Effect of active rubber powder on structural two-component epoxy resin and its mechanical properties. J. Adhes. Sci. Technol. 2018;32:1531–1547. doi: 10.1080/01694243.2018.1428040. DOI

Rudawska A. Handbook of Adhesive Technology. CRS Press Taylor & Frances Group; Boca Raton, FL, USA: 2018. Epoxy adhesives; pp. 415–442.

Bittmann B., Haupert F., Schlarb A.K. Ultrasonic dispersion of inorganic nanoparticles in epoxy resin. Ultrason. Sonochem. 2009;16:622–628. doi: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2009.01.006. PubMed DOI

Xiaocong H. Effect of Mechanical Properties of Adhesives on Stress Distributions in Structural Bonded Joints. IAENG; Hong Kong, China: 2010. World Congress on Engineering, WCE 2010.

Matykiewicz D. Hybrid Epoxy Composites with Both Powder and Fiber Filler: A Review of Mechanical and Thermomechanical Properties. Materials. 2020;13:1802. doi: 10.3390/ma13081802. PubMed DOI PMC

Michels J., Sena Cruz J., Christen R., Czaderski C., Motavalli M. Mechanical performance of cold-curing epoxy adhesives after different mixing and curing procedures. Compos. Part B Eng. 2016;98:434–443. doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2016.05.054. DOI

Halder S., Ghosh P.K., Goyat M.S., Ray S. Ultrasonic dual mode mixing and its effect on tensile properties of SiO2 -epoxy nanocomposite. J. Adhes. Sci. Technol. 2013;27:111–124. doi: 10.1080/01694243.2012.701510. DOI

Information Catalogue of Ciech S.A. [(accessed on 20 February 2018)]; Available online: https://ciechgroup.com/produkty/chemia-organiczna/zywice/zywice-epoksydowe/

BN-89 6376-02—Industry Standard. Epoxy Resins Epidian 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. [(accessed on 29 October 2020)]; (In Polish) Available online: http://bc.pollub.pl/dlibra/publication/3834/edition/5438/content?ref=desc.

BN-73 6376-01—Industry Standard. Epoxy Resins Epidian 51 i 53. [(accessed on 29 October 2020)]; (In Polish) Available online: http://bc.pollub.pl/dlibra/doccontent?id=5437&from=FBC.

Information Catalogue of Ciech S.A. [(accessed on 14 December 2020)]; Available online: https://www.zywicesarzyna.pl/produkty/utwardzacz-z1/

Rudawska A., Jakubowska P., Klozinski A. Surface free energy of composite materials with high calcium carbonate filler content. Polimery. 2017;62:434–440. doi: 10.14314/polimery.2017.434. DOI

Zhou Y., Pervin F., Rangari V.K., Jeelani S. Influence of montmorillonite clay on the thermal and mechanical properties of conventional carbon fiber reinforced composites. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 2007;191:347–351. doi: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2007.03.059. DOI

Miturska I., Rudawska A., Müller M., Valášek P. The Influence of Modification with Natural Fillers on the Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Adhesive Compositions after Storage Time. Materials. 2020;13:291. doi: 10.3390/ma13020291. PubMed DOI PMC

Jin F.-L., Park S.-J. Interfacial toughness properties of trifunctional epoxy resins/calcium carbonate nanocomposites. Mater. Sci. Eng. A. 2008;475:190–193. doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2007.04.046. DOI

Zebarjad S.M., Sajjadi S.A. On the strain rate sensitivity of HDPE/CaCO3 nanocomposites. Mater. Sci. Eng. A. 2008;475:365–367. doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2007.05.008. DOI

He H., Li K., Wang J., Sun G., Li Y., Wang J. Study on thermal and mechanical properties of nano-calcium carbonate/epoxy composites. Mater. Des. 2011;32:4521–4527. doi: 10.1016/j.matdes.2011.03.026. DOI

Chen S., Feng J. Epoxy laminated composites reinforced with polyethyleneimine functionalized carbon fiber fabric: Mechanical and thermal properties. Compos. Sci. Technol. 2014;101:145–151. doi: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2014.07.003. DOI

Chen Q., Zhao Y., Zhou Z., Rahman A., Wu X.-F., Wu W., Xu T., Fong H. Fabrication and mechanical properties of hybrid multi-scale epoxy composites reinforced with conventional carbon fiber fabrics surface-attached with electrospun carbon nanofiber mats. Compos. Part B Eng. 2013;44:1–7. doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2012.09.005. DOI

Feller J.F., Linossier I., Grohens Y. Conductive polymer composites: Comparative study of poly(ester)-short carbon fibres and poly(epoxy)-short carbon fibres mechanical and electrical properties. Mater. Lett. 2002;57:64–71. doi: 10.1016/S0167-577X(02)00700-0. DOI

PN-EN ISO 527-1—Plastics—Determination of Mechanical Properties in Static Tension. [(accessed on 5 November 2020)]; (In Polish) Available online: https://sklep.pkn.pl/pn-en-iso-527-1-2020-01e.html.

BN-72/2222-06—Two-Blade Mixers. [(accessed on 29 October 2020)]; (In Polish) Available online: http://bc.pollub.pl/dlibra/publication/10345/edition/9625/content?ref=desc.

BN-75/2225-06—Open Steel Rotor Stirrers d = 200 ÷ 800 mm. [(accessed on 29 October 2020)]; (In Polish) Available online: http://www.bc.pollub.pl/dlibra/publication/9116/edition/11714/content?ref=desc.

BN-75/2225-07—Closed Steel Rotor Mixers. [(accessed on 29 October 2020)]; (In Polish) Available online: http://bc.pollub.pl/dlibra/publication/9117/edition/11715/content?ref=desc.

Rudawska A., Czarnota M. Selected aspects of epoxy adhesive compositions curing process. J. Adhes. Sci. Technol. 2013;27:1933–1950. doi: 10.1080/01694243.2013.766558. DOI

Fu S.-Y., Feng X.-Q., Lauke B., Mai Y.-W. Effects of particle size, particle/matrix interface adhesion and particle loading on mechanical properties of particulate–polymer composites. Compos. Part B Eng. 2008;39:933–961. doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2008.01.002. DOI

Najít záznam

Citační ukazatele

Nahrávání dat ...

Možnosti archivace

Nahrávání dat ...