New sample preparation method to analyse 15 specific and non-specific pesticide metabolites in human urine using LC-MS/MS
Language English Country Netherlands Media print-electronic
Document type Journal Article
PubMed
33540146
DOI
10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122542
PII: S1570-0232(21)00021-0
Knihovny.cz E-resources
- Keywords
- Human biomonitoring, LC-MS, Pesticide metabolite, Sample preparation, Urine,
- MeSH
- Chromatography, Liquid methods MeSH
- Child MeSH
- Mass Spectrometry methods MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Limit of Detection MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Pesticides urine MeSH
- Reproducibility of Results MeSH
- Environmental Exposure analysis MeSH
- Check Tag
- Child MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Geographicals
- South Africa MeSH
- Names of Substances
- Pesticides MeSH
This study presents a novel sample preparation method for the determination of both specific and non-specific pesticide metabolites in human urine samples. The method combines a deconjugation step with QuEChERS-based method and solid-phase extraction. In total, 15 pesticide metabolites (diethyl phosphate; diethyl thiophosphate; dimethyl phosphate; diethyl thiophosphate; 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid; 3-phenoxybenzoic acid; 4-fluoro-3-phenoxybenzoic acid; coumaphos; diethyl dithiophosphate; malathion dicarboxylic acid; p-nitrophenol; cis/trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid; 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol; N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamid and 2-isopropyl-4-methyl-6-hydroxypyrimidine) were separated using liquid chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer and isotope dilution method for quantitation. The method was validated using recovery tests with recoveries generally ranging from 80 to 120%. Additionally, 20 urine samples collected from South African children were analysed using the presented method. The median levels of pesticide metabolites found in the urine samples ranged from not detected (N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamid) to 22.36 µg/g creatinine (dimethyl phosphate). The novel method developed in this study is sensitive, selective, robust and reproducible while also conserving the amount of sample, chemicals, material and time required. Due to the low limits of detection obtained for individual pesticide metabolites, the method is capable of quantifying trace levels of pesticide metabolites in urine, which thus makes it an ideal tool for biomonitoring studies.
References provided by Crossref.org
Human Exposure to Pesticides in Dust from Two Agricultural Sites in South Africa