Plasma membrane-associated and intracellular proteins and protein complexes play a pivotal role in pathogen recognition and disease resistance signaling in plants and animals. The two predominant protein families perceiving plant pathogens are receptor-like kinases and nucleotide binding-leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLR), which often confer race-specific resistance. Leaf rust is one of the most prevalent and most devastating wheat diseases. Here, we clone the race-specific leaf rust resistance gene Lr14a from hexaploid wheat. The cloning of Lr14a is aided by the recently published genome assembly of ArinaLrFor, an Lr14a-containing wheat line. Lr14a encodes a membrane-localized protein containing twelve ankyrin (ANK) repeats and structural similarities to Ca2+-permeable non-selective cation channels. Transcriptome analyses reveal an induction of genes associated with calcium ion binding in the presence of Lr14a. Haplotype analyses indicate that Lr14a-containing chromosome segments were introgressed multiple times into the bread wheat gene pool, but we find no variation in the Lr14a coding sequence itself. Our work demonstrates the involvement of an ANK-transmembrane (TM)-like type of gene family in race-specific disease resistance in wheat. This forms the basis to explore ANK-TM-like genes in disease resistance breeding.

College of Plant Protection China Agricultural University 100193 Beijing China

Department of Molecular Biology Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology 72076 Tübingen Germany

Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences Centre of the Region Hana for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research Šlechtitelů 31 779 00 Olomouc Czech Republic

King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal 23955 6900 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Neuchâtel Platform of Analytical Chemistry Université de Neuchâtel Avenue de Bellevaux 51 2000 Neuchâtel Switzerland

University of Zurich Department of Plant and Microbial Biology Zollikerstrasse 107 8008 Zurich Switzerland

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