Crop breeding for resistance to pathogens largely relies on genes encoding receptors that confer race-specific immunity. Here, we report the identification of the wheat Pm4 race-specific resistance gene to powdery mildew. Pm4 encodes a putative chimeric protein of a serine/threonine kinase and multiple C2 domains and transmembrane regions, a unique domain architecture among known resistance proteins. Pm4 undergoes constitutive alternative splicing, generating two isoforms with different protein domain topologies that are both essential for resistance function. Both isoforms interact and localize to the endoplasmatic reticulum when co-expressed. Pm4 reveals additional diversity of immune receptor architecture to be explored for breeding and suggests an endoplasmatic reticulum-based molecular mechanism of Pm4-mediated race-specific resistance.

Department of Plant and Microbial Biology and Zurich Basel Plant Science Center University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland

Department of Zoology Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden

Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research Olomouc Czech Republic

John Innes Centre Norwich UK

The Sainsbury Laboratory University of East Anglia Norwich UK

Unité de Recherche Résistance Induite et BioProtection des Plantes UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne Reims France

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Nat Plants. 2023 Mar;9(3):502-503. doi: 10.1038/s41477-023-01375-3. PubMed

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