We present epidemiological, clinical and laboratory findings of five Czech patients diagnosed with autochthonous mosquito-borne disease-four patients with confirmed West Nile virus (WNV) and one patient with Usutu virus (USUV) infections, from July to October 2018, including one fatal case due to WNV. This is the first documented human outbreak caused by WNV lineage 2 in the Czech Republic and the first record of a neuroinvasive human disease caused by USUV, which illustrates the simultaneous circulation of WNV and USUV in the country.

Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine University of Ostrava Syllabova 19 703 00 Ostrava Czech Republic

Department of Health Insurance University Hospital Brno Jihlavská 20 602 00 Brno Czech Republic

Department of Infectious Diseases Faculty of Medicine Masaryk University Kamenice 753 5 625 00 Brno Czech Republic

Department of Infectious Diseases Hospital Břeclav U Nemocnice 3066 1 690 74 Břeclav Czech Republic

Department of Infectious Diseases University Hospital Brno Jihlavská 20 602 00 Brno Czech Republic

Institute of Vertebrate Biology The Czech Academy of Sciences Květná 8 603 65 Brno Czech Republic

Public Health Institute Partyzánské nám 7 702 00 Ostrava Czech Republic

Regional Public Health Authority of the Southern Moravia Region Jeřábkova 4 602 00 Brno Czech Republic

Transfusion and Tissue Department University Hospital Brno Jihlavská 20 602 00 Brno Czech Republic

Veterinary Research Institute Hudcova 70 621 00 Brno Czech Republic

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Detection of Usutu virus in a house martin bug Oeciacus hirundinis (Hemiptera: Cimicidae): implications for virus overwintering in a temperate zone

History of Arbovirus Research in the Czech Republic