Climate change is expected to have a drastic effect on aquaculture worldwide. As we move forward with the agenda to increase and diversify aquaculture production, rising temperatures will have a progressively relevant impact on fish farming, linked to a multitude of issues associated with fish welfare. Temperature affects the physiology of both fish and pathogens, and has the potential to lead to significant increases in disease outbreaks within aquaculture systems, resulting in severe financial impacts. Significant shifts in future temperature regimes are projected for the Mediterranean Sea. We therefore aim to review and discuss the existing knowledge relating to disease outbreaks in the context of climate change in Mediterranean finfish aquaculture. The objective is to describe the effects of temperature on the physiology of both fish and pathogens, and moreover to list and discuss the principal diseases of the three main fish species farmed in the Mediterranean, namely gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata), European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax), and meagre (Argyrosomus regius). We will attempt to link the pathology of each disease to a specific temperature range, while discussing potential future disease threats associated with the available climate change trends for the Mediterranean Sea.

Biology Center of Czech Academy of Sciences Laboratory of Functional Helminthology Institute of Parasitology 370 05 Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic

Department of Biology University of Crete 71003 Heraklion Greece

Hellenic Centre for Marine Research Institute of Marine Biology Biotechnology and Aquaculture 71500 Heraklion Greece

Vaccines and Diagnostics Moredun Research Institute Pentlands Science Park Bush Loan Penicuik Midlothian EH26 0PZ UK

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Prospecting microbiota of Adriatic fish: Bacillus velezensis as a potential probiotic candidate