seabream
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Origanum sp. is a very common genus of aromatic plants worldwide distributed around the Mediterranean area and O. vulgare (oregano) is the most important species of this genus throughout the world. Due the known medicinal properties of oregano, the effect of diets enriched with 0% (control), 0.5% and 1% oregano leaves powder was studied on the growth, immune and antioxidant status of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.). Fish fed with oregano 0.5% and 1% enriched diets improved both humoral (IgM and bactericidal activity in skin mucus and protease activity in serum) and cellular (head kidney leucocytes phagocytic ability) immunity at 15 and 30 days. Furthermore, the addition of oregano did not provoke any significant effect neither in the growth promotion nor in the liver antioxidant enzymes activity studied in the serum and skin mucus. The possibility of using O. vulgare as a functional additive to fish diet is discussed.
- MeSH
- antioxidancia fyziologie MeSH
- dobromysl (rod) * MeSH
- fagocytóza MeSH
- hlavová ledvina cytologie imunologie MeSH
- játra MeSH
- krmivo pro zvířata analýza MeSH
- listy rostlin chemie MeSH
- mořan zlatý imunologie fyziologie MeSH
- potravní doplňky analýza MeSH
- vodní hospodářství MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The polyopisthocotylean Sparicotyle chrysophrii (Van Beneden et Hesse, 1863) was experimentally transmitted to gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) by exposure to eggs (EGT) and by cohabitation with naturally parasitized fi sh (CT). In EGT trials, the infection was successfully transmitted by introducing containers with monogenean eggs in the fi sh tanks, with the highest infection level (85.7% prevalence, 3.3 mean intensity) achieved at 6 weeks post exposure (p.e.) to the infection dose of 650 eggs per tank. In CT trials, the progression of the infection was faster and reached higher levels than in EGT. When using small fi sh juveniles (30 g) (CT-2), infection reached 100% prevalence (mean intensity 8 monogeneans/fi sh) at 5 weeks p.e., but no eggs could be found in the fi sh even 10 weeks p.e. By contrast, when larger juveniles (150 g) were used (CT-1), infection levels were lower, but mature adults with eggs were detected starting from 8 weeks p.e. The effect of the parasite on the condition factor, haematocrit, haemoglobin concentration (Hb), red blood cell counts, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), mean corpuscular haemoglobin content (MCH) and mean cellular volume (MCV) of infected fi sh was studied in CT trials. The infection produced hypochromic anaemia, since Hb concentration signifi cantly decreased at 5 and 10 weeks p.e. in CT-2 and at 8 weeks p.e. in CT-1. MCHC was signifi cantly lower in parasitized than in control fi sh at 5 and 8 weeks p.e. in CT-2 and CT-1, respectively. Also in CT-1, MCH was lower and circulating immature erythrocytes, granulocytes and plasma cells were higher in infected fi sh than in control ones at 8 weeks p.e. The histopathological effects of the monogenean on the gills of naturally infected fi sh consisted of lamellar shortening, clubbing and synechiae. The proliferation of the epithelial tissue produced fusion of secondary lamellae, and abundant chloride cells were observed.
Gyrodactylus orecchiae sp. n. (Monogenea, Gyrodactylidae) is described from the skin, fins, eyes and gills of juvenile Sparus aurata L. (gilthead seabream) following two outbreaks of gyrodactylosis amongst stocks held in inshore floating cages on the Adriatic coast of Albania and Croatia. Fish were heavily infected (1000+ gyrodactylids/fish) with G. orecchiae which reportedly resulted in approximately 2-10% mortality amongst the infected stock. Morphologically, the haptoral hooks of G. orecchiae most closely resemble those of Gyrodactylus arcuatus Bychowsky, 1933 in the approximate shape of the ventral bar with its pronounced ventral bar processes and marginal hook sickles which possess a square line to the inner edge of the sickle blade and large rounded heels. The marginal hooks are also morphologically similar to those of Gyrodactylus quadratidigitus Longshaw, Pursglove et Shinn, 2003 and Gyrodactylus colemanensis Mizelle et Kritsky, 1967, but G. orecchiae can be readily discriminated from all three species by the characteristic infolding of the hamuli roots and the shape of the marginal hook sickle. Molecular sequencing of the ITS1, 5.8S, ITS2 regions (513+157+404 bp, respectively) of G. orecchiae and alignment with other gyrodactylids for which these same genomic regions have been determined, suggests that this is a new species. No similarities were found when the ITS1 region of G. orecchiae was compared with 84 species of Gyrodactylus available on GenBank.
- MeSH
- druhová specificita MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- infekce červy třídy Trematoda parazitologie veterinární MeSH
- mezerníky ribozomální DNA genetika MeSH
- mořan zlatý parazitologie MeSH
- nemoci ryb parazitologie MeSH
- oceány a moře MeSH
- rybářství MeSH
- Trematoda cytologie genetika ultrastruktura MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- oceány a moře MeSH
An infection model for sharpsnout seabream Diplodus puntazzo (Walbaum) challenged with the myxosporean Enteromyxum leei (Diamant, Lom et Dyková, 1994), resembling the natural infection conditions, was used to evaluate the antiparasitic efficacy of a functional diet. Fish of an average weight of 12.5 ± 1.2 g were delivered either a functional (included as feed supplement at 0.3% levels) or a control extruded diet. After four weeks of administration of the experimental diets, fish were challenged with the parasites (cohabitation with infected donors; donor: recipient ratio 1 : 1). The experiment was terminated four weeks after the start of the challenge. At the end of the experiment, growth and feeding (specific growth rate and feed efficiency), as well as immunological parameters (respiratory burst activity, antibacterial activities, hemoglobin concentration, anti-protease activity and ceruloplasmin activity) were measured along with cumulative mortality and total parasitic count in the gut. No significant difference was evident with regard to growth and feeding performance, mortality, gut parasitic load or immunological parameters as the parasitical challenge significantly affected both the performance of the control and functional diet fed fish. However, there was a less prominent impact on antibacterial, anti-protease and ceruloplasmin activity in fish fed with the functional diet. Overall, the present study validated the experimental cohabitation infection model and evaluated the efficacy of a functional ingredient as an antiparasitic agent, showing some potential effects on the fish immune response.
The presence of terminal carbohydrate residues in Enteromyxum leei (Diamant, Lom et Dyková, 1994) Palenzuela, Redondo et Álvarez-Pellitero, 2002 stages in gilthead seabream intestines was studied at light microscopy (LM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) level using lectin histochemical techniques. Abundant mannose and/or glucose residues were demonstrated by the intense staining caused by binding of biotinylated concanavalin A (Con A), at both LM and TEM. A clear positivity was also obtained with Ulex europaeus (UEA I) agglutinin specific for fucose residues. Both lectins stained E. leei proliferative and sporogonic stages, though glycan patterns varied between these developmental stages. Wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) and Bandeiraea simplicifolia lectin I (BSL I) recognised only structures in the sporogonic stages. Faint labelling occurred with Glycine max (SBA) lectin. No staining was obtained with Sambucus nigra (SNA) agglutinin. The TEM studies demonstrated a restricted presence of N-acetyl-D-galactosamine and ?-D-galactose, whereas glucose/mannose and fucose, the dominant structures, were also present at the parasite membranes and host-parasite interface, suggesting a role in host-parasite interaction.
- MeSH
- enteritida parazitologie veterinární MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- glykosylace MeSH
- imunohistochemie MeSH
- lektiny chemie MeSH
- mořan zlatý MeSH
- Myxozoa izolace a purifikace klasifikace ultrastruktura MeSH
- nemoci ryb parazitologie MeSH
- sacharidy chemie MeSH
- vazba proteinů MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
BACKGROUND: Despite their complex life-cycles involving various types of hosts and free-living stages, digenean trematodes are becoming recurrent model systems. The infection and penetration strategy of the larval stages, i.e. cercariae, into the fish host is poorly understood and information regarding their entry portals is not well-known for most species. Cardiocephaloides longicollis (Rudolphi, 1819) Dubois, 1982 (Digenea, Strigeidae) uses the gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.), an important marine fish in Mediterranean aquaculture, as a second intermediate host, where they encyst in the brain as metacercariae. Labelling the cercariae with in vivo fluorescent dyes helped us to track their entry into the fish, revealing the penetration pattern that C. longicollis uses to infect S. aurata. METHODS: Two different fluorescent dyes were used: carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE) and Hoechst 33342 (NB). Three ascending concentrations of each dye were tested to detect any effect on labelled cercarial performance, by recording their survival for the first 5 h post-labelling (hpl) and 24 hpl, as well as their activity for 5 hpl. Labelled cercariae were used to track the penetration points into fish, and cercarial infectivity and later encystment were analysed by recording brain-encysted metacercariae in fish infected with labelled and control cercariae after 20 days of infection. RESULTS: Although the different dye concentrations showed diverse effects on both survival and activity, intermediate doses of CFSE did not show any short-term effect on survival, permitting a brighter and longer recognition of cercariae on the host body surface. Therefore, CFSE helped to determine the penetration points of C. longicollis into the fish, denoting their aggregation on the head, eye and gills region, as well as on the dorsal fin and the lower side. Only CFSE-labelled cercariae showed a decreased number of encysted metacercariae when compared to control. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that CFSE is an adequate labelling method for short-term in vivo studies, whereas NB would better suit in vivo studies on long-term performance. Cardiocephaloides longicollis cercariae seem to be attracted to areas near to the brain or those that are likely to be connected to migration routes to neuronal canals.
- MeSH
- benzimidazoly MeSH
- cerkárie MeSH
- fluoresceiny MeSH
- fluorescenční barviva * MeSH
- infekce červy třídy Trematoda přenos veterinární MeSH
- interakce hostitele a parazita * MeSH
- larva MeSH
- metacerkárie MeSH
- mořan zlatý parazitologie MeSH
- nemoci ryb parazitologie MeSH
- stadia vývoje MeSH
- sukcinimidy MeSH
- Trematoda růst a vývoj fyziologie MeSH
- vodní hospodářství MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Erythromycin (ERY) is one of the most common antibiotics used in human and veterinary practices, leading to ubiquitous environmental distribution and possible toxicity to non-target organisms. The purpose of this study was to determine sub-lethal effects of ERY towards the marine fish Sparus aurata (gilthead seabream). S. aurata were acutely (0.3-323 μg/L, 96 h) and chronically (0.7-8.8 μg/L, 28 d) exposed to ERY. Detoxification [7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD), glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), uridine-diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT)], oxidative stress [catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GRed)], lipid peroxidation [thiobarbituric acid reactive substances - (TBARS)], genotoxicity [genetic damage index (GDI) and erythrocytic nuclear abnormalities (ENAs)], neurotransmission [acetylcholinesterase (AChE)] and energy metabolism [lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)] biomarkers were evaluated. Results showed that ERY did not promote significant effects in detoxification biomarkers, but induced slight pro-oxidative effects (decrease of GPx activity in the liver after acute exposure and an increase in gills after chronic exposure; and an increase of hepatic GRed activity following chronic exposure). There was a significant decrease in TBARS after chronic exposure, which contradicts a full scenario of oxidative stress. In terms of genotoxicity, both ERY exposures caused only a significant increase of GDI. Neurotransmission and energy metabolism were not also affected by ERY. Although few toxic effects of ERY have been previously documented (involving different metabolic pathways, as tested in this work), these were mainly observed for freshwater species. These findings suggest low vulnerability of S. aurata to ERY at levels close to the ones found in the wild.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky toxicita MeSH
- biologické markery metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mořan zlatý fyziologie MeSH
- oxidační stres účinky léků MeSH
- peroxidace lipidů účinky léků MeSH
- poškození DNA účinky léků MeSH
- testy toxicity metody MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The effect of phenanthrene (Phe) on induction of ethoxyresorufinO-deethylase (EROD) activity and oxidative stress was examined in immune organs of yellowfin seabream Acanthopagrus latus. Fish were treated with a single intraperitoneal injection at 2, 20, or 40 mg kg-1. The Phe concentration in spleen, EROD activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity, ascorbic acid (AsA), total glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxidation (LPO), and protein carbonylation (PC) levels in spleen and head kidney were assessed at one, four, seven, and 14 days post-injection. Dose response relationship was explored for data on day four. Phe concentration reached the highest observed level on day four, showed decline on day seven, and was undetectable at the end of trial. EROD activity in both organs followed the pattern of Phe level in all treated groups. Catalase and SOD activity at low Phe concentrations was significantly higher than controls, while LPO and PC level showed no differences from controls. In contrast, at 20 and 40 mg kg-1, CAT and SOD activity, an indicator of oxidative stress, was significantly lower than in untreated controls, while AsA, GSH, LPO, and PC levels were higher on days 4 and 7. No parameter of any treatment group in either organ tissue showed difference from control values at the end of the experiment. The SOD and CAT activity in both organs exhibited a biphasic (initial stimulatory effect) effect, whereas other parameters showed a monophasic effect in terms of dose-response. Results suggest that Phe induced CYP1A and antioxidant responses in immune organs.
- MeSH
- antioxidancia metabolismus MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu toxicita MeSH
- cytochrom P-450 CYP1A1 metabolismus MeSH
- fenantreny metabolismus toxicita MeSH
- glutathion metabolismus MeSH
- glutathiontransferasa metabolismus MeSH
- karbonylace proteinů MeSH
- katalasa metabolismus MeSH
- ledviny metabolismus MeSH
- mořan zlatý imunologie metabolismus fyziologie MeSH
- oxidace-redukce MeSH
- oxidační stres fyziologie MeSH
- peroxidace lipidů účinky léků MeSH
- superoxiddismutasa metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
An insufficiently known nematode species Dichelyne (Cucullanellus) jialaris Luo, Guo, Fang et Huang, 2004 (Cucullanidae), originally described from the red seabream Pagrus major (Temminck et Schlegel) (Sparidae) in the Taiwan Strait, off China, is redescribed based on light and scanning electron microscopical (SEM) examinations of specimens collected from the intestine of three species of sparid fishes, Acanthopagrus schlegelii (Bleeker), Evynnis tumifrons (Temminck et Schlegel) and P. major, in Hiroshima Bay, Japan. The present redescription provides exact data on the cephalic structure, character of cephalic papillae and amphids, location of the excretory pore, deirids and phasmids, and the number and distribution of caudal papillae in the male; the presence of the dorsal postdeirid in this species is reported for the first time. The SEM study revealed that the anterior cloacal lip has a median lobe-like elevation bearing two minute papillae, whereas the posterior cloacal lip is somewhat depressed, with a median longitudinal rod-like elevation probably serving to direct the movement of spicules. The size of eggs is reported for the first time. Dichelyne (C.) jialaris differs from the morphologically similar D. (C.) pleuronectidis (Yamaguti, 1935) mainly in the shape of the oesophagus. The present finding of D. (C.) jialaris represents the first record of this nematode from fishes in Japanese waters and A. schlegelii and E. tumifrons are its new host records.
- MeSH
- infekce hlísticemi řádu Spirurida parazitologie veterinární MeSH
- mikroskopie elektronová rastrovací veterinární MeSH
- mořan zlatý parazitologie MeSH
- nemoci ryb parazitologie MeSH
- Spirurina anatomie a histologie klasifikace ultrastruktura MeSH
- zátoky MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Japonsko MeSH
A total of 52 specimens of the Pacific seabream Acanthopagrus pacificus Iwatsuki, Kume et Yoshino from the Gulf of Tonkin off Vietnam were examined for monogeneans. Twenty fish were parasitised by 101 individuals of five monogenean species, including two known species Allodiscocotyla diacanthi Unnithan, 1962 and Heterapta chorinemi (Tripathi, 1956), as well as three new species, Polylabroides tienyenensis sp. n., Polylabroides tonkinensis sp. n. and Metacamopia lebedevi sp. n. Polylabroides tienyenensis and P. tonkinensis are morphologically more similar to Polylabroides guangdongensis Zhang et Yang, 2001 in comparison with other species within the genus, based on the absence of small spines on the cirrus. However, P. tonkinensis is distinguished from P. guangdongensis by fewer clamps on the haptor and by the different shapes of the large spines on the cirrus. Similarly, P. tienyenensis differs from P. guangdongensis by vaginal ducts with fewer branches, fewer clamps and smaller egg size. Metacamopia lebedevi is distinguished from Metacamopia chorinemi (Yamaguti, 1953) by the arrangement of testes (one row vs two rows), diverticula absent in the oesophagus, and the number of anchor pairs (one vs two); it differs from Metacamopia oligoplites Takemoto, Amato et Luque, 1996 by the smaller haptor, shape and absence of small sclerotised hooks, the number of ribs in their clamps, and the position of the testes; it can be separated from Metacamopia indica (Unnithan, 1962) by having fewer testes and lacking sclerotised structures in the vagina. The present study also provides the measurements for A. diacanthi, H. chorinemi, and proposes a new key to all species of Polylabroides.
- MeSH
- infekce červy třídy Trematoda * epidemiologie parazitologie veterinární MeSH
- nemoci ryb epidemiologie parazitologie MeSH
- Perciformes * MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- Trematoda * fyziologie klasifikace MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Vietnam MeSH
