Intenzivní medicínou v roce 2022 v odborné literatuře ještě nadále rezonovala doznívající pandemie onemocnění covi du-19. Přesto se na poli nefrologie kritických stavů objevilo několik zajímavých vědeckých publikací, jejichž obsah stojí za zmínění. Tento souhrnný článek si klade za cíl čtenáře provést těmi nejzásadnějšími z oblasti nefrotoxicity, akutního poškození ledvin a mimotělních očišťovacích metod.
The intensive care medicine literature continued to resonate with the fading COVID-19 pandemic in 2022. Nevertheless, several interesting scientific publications have appeared in the field of critical care nephrology, the contents of which are worth mentioning. This summary article aims to guide the reader through the most fundamental aspects of nephrotoxicity, acute kidney injury, and extracorporeal purification methods.
- MeSH
- akutní poškození ledvin * MeSH
- antibakteriální látky toxicita MeSH
- dialýza ledvin MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- péče o pacienty v kritickém stavu * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
The aim of this study was to assess the impact of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) on oxidative stress indices in zebrafish (Danio rerio). The test was completed after 14 days. The tested concentrations were 50, 100 and 500 µg/L of SMX. Glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione S-transferase and lipid peroxidation were investigated to determine the effects of SMX on oxidative stress in zebrafish. Lipid peroxidation gradually increased slightly (but non-significantly) at all tested concentrations during the test as compared to the control. The evaluation of oxidative stress biomarkers showed no significant changes in the activity of antioxidant enzymes in any experimental group exposed to SMX as compared to the control. The gradual increase in lipid peroxidation after 3 and 14 days in the SMX treated groups as compared to the control group indicates increasing cell membrane damage.
Heterocycles have long been the focus of intensive study in attempts to develop novel therapeutic compounds, and acridine, a polynuclear nitrogen molecule containing a heterocycle, has attracted a considerable amount of scientific attention. Acridine derivatives have been studied in detail and have been found to possess multitarget properties, which inhibit topoisomerase enzymes that regulate topological changes in DNA and interfere with the essential biological function of DNA. This article describes some recent advancements in the field of new 9-substituted acridine heterocyclic agents and describes both the structure and the structure-activity relationship of the most promising molecules. The article will also present the IC50 values of the novel derivatives against various human cancer cell lines. The mini review also investigates the topoisomerase inhibition and antibacterial and antimalarial activity of these polycyclic aromatic derivatives.
- MeSH
- akridiny chemie farmakologie toxicita MeSH
- antibakteriální látky chemie farmakologie toxicita MeSH
- antimalarika chemie farmakologie toxicita MeSH
- antitumorózní látky chemie farmakologie toxicita MeSH
- inhibitory topoisomerasy II chemie farmakologie toxicita MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádorové buňky kultivované účinky léků MeSH
- vztahy mezi strukturou a aktivitou MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Due to their large active surface, high loading efficiency, and tunable dissolution profiles, nanofibrous mats are often cited as promising drug carriers or antimicrobial membranes. Hyaluronic acid has outstanding biocompatibility, but it is hydrophilic. Nanofibrous structures made from hyaluronan dissolve immediately, making them unsuitable for controlled drug release and longer applications. We aimed to prepare a hyaluronan-based antimicrobial nanofibrous material, which would retain its integrity in aqueous environments. Self-supporting nanofibrous mats containing octenidine dihydrochloride or triclosan were produced by electrospinning from hydrophobized hyaluronan modified with a symmetric lauric acid anhydride. The nanofibrous mats required no cross-linking to be stable in PBS for 7 days. The encapsulation efficiency of antiseptics was nearly 100%. Minimal release of octenidine was observed, while up to 30% of triclosan was gradually released in 72 h. The nanofibrous materials exhibited antimicrobial activity, the fibroblast viability was directly dependent on the antiseptic content and its release.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky chemie farmakologie toxicita MeSH
- buňky 3T3 MeSH
- hydrofobní a hydrofilní interakce MeSH
- iminy chemie farmakologie toxicita MeSH
- kyselina hyaluronová chemie farmakologie toxicita MeSH
- léky s prodlouženým účinkem chemie farmakologie toxicita MeSH
- mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
- myši MeSH
- nanovlákna chemie toxicita MeSH
- nosiče léků chemie farmakologie toxicita MeSH
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa účinky léků MeSH
- pyridiny chemie farmakologie toxicita MeSH
- Staphylococcus aureus účinky léků MeSH
- triclosan chemie farmakologie toxicita MeSH
- uvolňování léčiv MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Kazuistika prezentuje případ 13letého chlapce, léčeného pro boreliovou meningitidu ceftriaxonem i.v. v dávce 50 mg/kg. V pátém dnu terapie se u něj objevily bolesti břicha a sonograficky byla prokázána přítomnost konkrementů ve žlučníku. Příznaky odezněly během jednoho dne a ultrazvukový nález byl při léčbě ursodeoxycholovou kyselinou po třech měsících zcela normální. Příčinou byla pseudolithiáza indukovaná ceftriaxonem, způsobená precipitací vysokých koncentrací tohoto antibiotika ve žlučníku s kalciem.
The report presents a case of a 13-year-old boy treated for Borrelia meningitis with i.v. ceftriaxone at a dose of 50 mg/kg. On the fifth day of therapy, abdominal pain occurred and the presence of concrements in the gallbladder was proven by ultrasonography. The symptoms resolved within one day and the subsequent ultrasound findings after 3 months with ursodeoxycholic acid treatment was completely normal. The cause of the symptoms was ceftriaxone-induced pseudolithiasis due to the precipitation of the antibiotic at very high concentrations in the gallbladder with calcium.
- Klíčová slova
- žlučová pseudolithiáza,
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky škodlivé účinky toxicita MeSH
- ceftriaxon * škodlivé účinky toxicita MeSH
- kyselina ursodeoxycholová aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- litiáza chemicky indukované etiologie patofyziologie MeSH
- lymeská nemoc diagnóza farmakoterapie komplikace MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- nemoci žlučového ústrojí * chemicky indukované diagnóza farmakoterapie MeSH
- nežádoucí účinky léčiv diagnóza etiologie farmakoterapie MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
The aim and novelty of this paper are found in assessing the influence of inhibitors and antibiotics on intact cell MALDI-TOF mass spectra of the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. UPOC S4 and to check the impact on reliability of identification. Defining the limits of this method is important for its use in biology and applied science. The compounds included inhibitors of respiration, glycolysis, citrate cycle, and proteosynthesis. They were used at 1-10 μM concentrations and different periods of up to 3 weeks. Cells were also grown without inhibitors in a microgravity because of expected strong effects. Mass spectra were evaluated using controls and interpreted in terms of differential peaks and their assignment to protein sequences by mass. Antibiotics, azide, and bromopyruvate had the greatest impact. The spectral patterns were markedly altered after a prolonged incubation at higher concentrations, which precluded identification in the database of reference spectra. The incubation in microgravity showed a similar effect. These differences were evident in dendrograms constructed from the spectral data. Enzyme inhibitors affected the spectra to a smaller extent. This study shows that only a long-term presence of antibiotics and strong metabolic inhibitors in the medium at 10-5 M concentrations hinders the correct identification of cyanobacteria by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF).
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky toxicita MeSH
- antimycin A analogy a deriváty toxicita MeSH
- azidy toxicita MeSH
- buněčné dýchání účinky léků MeSH
- chloramfenikol toxicita MeSH
- citrátový cyklus účinky léků MeSH
- deoxyglukosa toxicita MeSH
- fluoracetáty toxicita MeSH
- glykolýza účinky léků MeSH
- malonáty toxicita MeSH
- proteosyntéza účinky léků MeSH
- pyruváty toxicita MeSH
- reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
- spektrometrie hmotnostní - ionizace laserem za účasti matrice metody MeSH
- stav beztíže MeSH
- streptomycin toxicita MeSH
- Synechococcus chemie účinky léků izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
In recent years, antibiotics have been used for human and animal disease treatment, growth promotion, and prophylaxis, and their consumption is rising worldwide. Antibiotics are often not fully metabolized by the body and are released into the aquatic environment, where they may have negative effects on the non-target species. This review examines the recent researches on eight representative antibiotics (erythromycin, trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, oxytetracycline, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and amoxicillin). A detailed overview of their concentrations in surface waters, groundwater, and effluents is provided, supported by recent global human consumption and veterinary use data. Furthermore, we review the ecotoxicity of these antibiotics towards different groups of organisms, and assessment of the environmental risks to aquatic organisms. This review discusses and compares the suitability of currently used ecotoxicological bioassays, and identifies the knowledge gaps and future challenges. The risk data indicate that selected antibiotics may pose a threat to aquatic environments. Cyanobacteria were the most sensitive organisms when using standard ecotoxicological bioassays. Further studies on their chronic effects to aquatic organisms and the toxicity of antibiotic mixtures are necessary to fully understand the hazards these antibiotics present.
- MeSH
- amoxicilin MeSH
- antibakteriální látky analýza toxicita MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu analýza toxicita MeSH
- ciprofloxacin MeSH
- ekotoxikologie MeSH
- erythromycin MeSH
- hodnocení rizik MeSH
- monitorování životního prostředí * MeSH
- podzemní voda MeSH
- sulfamethoxazol MeSH
- tetracyklin MeSH
- trimethoprim analýza MeSH
- vodní organismy MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Erythromycin (ERY) is one of the most common antibiotics used in human and veterinary practices, leading to ubiquitous environmental distribution and possible toxicity to non-target organisms. The purpose of this study was to determine sub-lethal effects of ERY towards the marine fish Sparus aurata (gilthead seabream). S. aurata were acutely (0.3-323 μg/L, 96 h) and chronically (0.7-8.8 μg/L, 28 d) exposed to ERY. Detoxification [7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD), glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), uridine-diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT)], oxidative stress [catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GRed)], lipid peroxidation [thiobarbituric acid reactive substances - (TBARS)], genotoxicity [genetic damage index (GDI) and erythrocytic nuclear abnormalities (ENAs)], neurotransmission [acetylcholinesterase (AChE)] and energy metabolism [lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)] biomarkers were evaluated. Results showed that ERY did not promote significant effects in detoxification biomarkers, but induced slight pro-oxidative effects (decrease of GPx activity in the liver after acute exposure and an increase in gills after chronic exposure; and an increase of hepatic GRed activity following chronic exposure). There was a significant decrease in TBARS after chronic exposure, which contradicts a full scenario of oxidative stress. In terms of genotoxicity, both ERY exposures caused only a significant increase of GDI. Neurotransmission and energy metabolism were not also affected by ERY. Although few toxic effects of ERY have been previously documented (involving different metabolic pathways, as tested in this work), these were mainly observed for freshwater species. These findings suggest low vulnerability of S. aurata to ERY at levels close to the ones found in the wild.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky toxicita MeSH
- biologické markery metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mořan zlatý fyziologie MeSH
- oxidační stres účinky léků MeSH
- peroxidace lipidů účinky léků MeSH
- poškození DNA účinky léků MeSH
- testy toxicity metody MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
BACKGROUND: As the bacterial resistance to antibacterial chemotherapeutics is one of the greatest problems in modern medicine, efforts are made to develop new antimicrobial drugs. Compounds with a piperazine ring have proved to be promising agents against various pathogens. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to prepare a series of new N-phenylpiperazines and determine their activity against various pathogens. METHOD: Target compounds were prepared by multi-step synthesis starting from an appropriate substituted acid to an oxirane intermediate reacting with 1-(4-nitrophenyl)piperazine. Lipophilicity and pKa values were experimentally determined. Other molecular parameters were calculated. The inhibitory activity of the target compounds against Staphylococcus aureus, four mycobacteria strains, Bipolaris sorokiniana, and Fusarium avenaceum was tested. In vitro antiproliferative activity was determined on a THP-1 cell line, and toxicity against plant was determined using Nicotiana tabacum. RESULTS: In general, most compounds demonstrated only moderate effects. 1-(2-Hydroxy-3-{[4-(propan- 2-yloxy)benzoyl]oxy}propyl)-4-(4-nitrophenyl)piperazinediium dichloride and 1-{3-[(4-butoxybenzoyl)- oxy]-2-hydroxypropyl}-4-(4-nitrophenyl)piperazinediium dichloride showed the highest inhibition activity against M. kansasii (MIC = 15.4 and 15.0 µM, respectively) and the latter also against M. marinum (MIC = 15.0 µM). 1-(2-Hydroxy-3-{[4-(2-propoxyethoxy)benzoyl]oxy}propyl)-4-(4-nitrophenyl)piperazinediium dichloride had the highest activity against F. avenaceum (MIC = 14.2 µM). All the compounds showed only insignificant toxic effects on human and plant cells. CONCLUSION: Ten new 1-(4-nitrophenyl)piperazine derivatives were prepared and analyzed, and their antistaphylococcal, antimycobacterial, and antifungal activities were determined. The activity against M. kansasii was positively influenced by higher lipophilicity, the electron-donor properties of substituent R and a lower dissociation constant. The exact mechanism of action will be investigated in follow-up studies.
