Meiosis in angiosperm plants is followed by mitotic divisions to form multicellular haploid gametophytes. Termination of meiosis and transition to gametophytic development is, in Arabidopsis, governed by a dedicated mechanism that involves SMG7 and TDM1 proteins. Mutants carrying the smg7-6 allele are semi-fertile due to reduced pollen production. We found that instead of forming tetrads, smg7-6 pollen mother cells undergo multiple rounds of chromosome condensation and spindle assembly at the end of meiosis, resembling aberrant attempts to undergo additional meiotic divisions. A suppressor screen uncovered a mutation in centromeric histone H3 (CENH3) that increased fertility and promoted meiotic exit in smg7-6 plants. The mutation led to inefficient splicing of the CENH3 mRNA and a substantial decrease of CENH3, resulting in smaller centromeres. The reduced level of CENH3 delayed formation of the mitotic spindle but did not have an apparent effect on plant growth and development. We suggest that impaired spindle re-assembly at the end of meiosis limits aberrant divisions in smg7-6 plants and promotes formation of tetrads and viable pollen. Furthermore, the mutant with reduced level of CENH3 was very inefficient haploid inducer indicating that differences in centromere size is not the key determinant of centromere-mediated genome elimination.

Central European Institute of Technology Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic

Gregor Mendel Institute Austrian Academy of Sciences Vienna Austria

Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research Gatersleben Germany

National Centre for Biomolecular Research Faculty of Science Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic

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Heat stress impairs centromere structure and segregation of meiotic chromosomes in Arabidopsis

High temperature increases centromere-mediated genome elimination frequency and enhances haploid induction in Arabidopsis

A complex role of Arabidopsis CDKD;3 in meiotic progression and cytokinesis