Pregnanolone glutamate (PA-G) is a neuroactive steroid that has been previously demonstrated to be a potent neuroprotective compound in several biological models in vivo. Our in vitro experiments identified PA-G as an inhibitor of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and a potentiator of γ-aminobutyric acid receptors (GABAARs). In this study, we addressed the hypothesis that combined GABAAR potentiation and NMDAR antagonism could afford a potent anticonvulsant effect. Our results demonstrated the strong age-related anticonvulsive effect of PA-G in a model of pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures. PA-G significantly decreased seizure severity in 12-day-old animals, but only after the highest dose in 25-day-old animals. Interestingly, the anticonvulsant effect of PA-G differed both qualitatively and quantitatively from that of zuranolone, an investigational neurosteroid acting as a potent positive allosteric modulator of GABAARs. Next, we identified 17-hydroxy-pregnanolone (17-OH-PA) as a major metabolite of PA-G in 12-day-old animals. Finally, the administration of PA-G demonstrated direct modulation of unexpected neurosteroid levels, namely pregnenolone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate. These results suggest that compound PA-G might be a pro-drug of 17-OH-PA, a neurosteroid with a promising neuroprotective effect with an unknown mechanism of action that may represent an attractive target for studying perinatal neural diseases.

Department of Neurosciences Biomedicine and Movement Sciences University of Verona Strada le Grazie 8 37134 Verona Italy

Institute of Endocrinology Narodni 8 11694 Prague Czech Republic

Institute of Mental Health Topolova 748 25067 Klecany Czech Republic

Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo namesti 2 16000 Prague Czech Republic

Institute of Physiology Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Videnska 1083 14220 Prague Czech Republic

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Effect of Treatment on Steroidome in Women with Multiple Sclerosis

Epilepsy Research in the Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences in Prague

Effects of Pregnanolone Glutamate and Its Metabolites on GABAA and NMDA Receptors and Zebrafish Behavior