CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing has become an extremely powerful technique used to modify gene expression in many organisms, including parasitic protists. Giardia intestinalis, a protist parasite that infects approximately 280 million people around the world each year, has been eluding the use of CRISPR/Cas9 to generate knockout cell lines due to its tetraploid genome. In this work, we show the ability of the in vitro assembled CRISPR/Cas9 components to successfully edit the genome of G. intestinalis. The cell line that stably expresses Cas9 in both nuclei of G. intestinalis showed effective recombination of the cassette containing the transcription units for the gRNA and the resistance marker. This highly efficient process led to the removal of all gene copies at once for three independent experimental genes, mem, cwp1 and mlf1. The method was also applicable to incomplete disruption of the essential gene, as evidenced by significantly reduced expression of tom40. Finally, testing the efficiency of Cas9-induced recombination revealed that homologous arms as short as 150 bp can be sufficient to establish a complete knockout cell line in G. intestinalis.

Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics College of Biological Sciences UC Davis Davis CA USA

Department of Parasitology Faculty of Science Charles University BIOCEV Praha Czech Republic

Institute of Immunology and Microbiology 1st Faculty of Medicine Charles University Prague Czech Republic

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Mlf mediates proteotoxic response via formation of cellular foci for protein folding and degradation in Giardia

Adaptation of the late ISC pathway in the anaerobic mitochondrial organelles of Giardia intestinalis

Efficient CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene disruption in the tetraploid protist Giardia intestinalis

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