Liposomes are nowadays a matter of tremendous interest. Due to their amphiphilic character, various substances with different properties can be incorporated into them and they are especially suitable as a model system for controlled transport of bioactive substances and drugs to the final destination in the body; for example, COVID-19 vaccines use liposomes as a carrier of mRNA. Liposomes mimicking composition of various biological membranes can be prepared with a proper choice of the lipids used, which proved to be important tool in the early drug development. This review deals with commonly used methods for the preparation and characterization of liposomes which is essential for their later use. The alternative capillary electrophoresis methods for physico-chemical characterization such as determination of membrane permeability of liposome, its size and charge, and encapsulation efficiency are included. Two different layouts using liposomes to yield more efficient separation of various analytes are also presented, capillary electrochromatography, and liposomal electrokinetic chromatography.

Department of Analytical Chemistry Faculty of Science Charles University Prague Czech Republic

Zobrazit více v PubMed

Storm G, Crommelin DJA. Pharm Sci Technol Today. 1998;1:19. doi: 10.1016/S1461-5347(98)00007-8. DOI

Akbarzadeh A, Rezaei-Sadabady R, Davaran S, Joo SW, Zarghami N, Hanifehpour Y, Samiei M, Kouhi M, Nejati-Koshki K. Nanoscale Res Lett. 2013;8:102. doi: 10.1186/1556-276X-8-102. PubMed DOI PMC

Daraee H, Etemadi A, Kouhi M, Alimirzalu S, Akbarzadeh A. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol. 2016;44:381. doi: 10.3109/21691401.2014.953633. PubMed DOI

Franzen U, Østergaard J. J Chromatogr A. 2012;1267:32. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.07.018. PubMed DOI

Has C, Sunthar P. J Liposome Res. 2020;30:336. doi: 10.1080/08982104.2019.1668010. PubMed DOI

Carugo D, Bottaro E, Owen J, Stride E, Nastruzzi C. Sci Rep. 2016;6:25876. doi: 10.1038/srep25876. PubMed DOI PMC

Bozzuto G, Molinari A. Int J Nanomed. 2015;10:975. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S68861. PubMed DOI PMC

Nakhaei P, Margiana R, Bokov DO, Abdelbasset WK, Jadidi Kouhbanani MA, Varma RS, Marofi F, Jarahian M, Beheshtkhoo N. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2021;9:705886. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.705886. PubMed DOI PMC

Large DE, Abdelmessih RG, Fink EA, Auguste DT. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2021;176:113851. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113851. PubMed DOI

Guimarães D, Cavaco-Paulo A, Nogueira E. Int J Pharm. 2021;601:120571. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120571. PubMed DOI

Roberts MA, Locascio-Brown L, Maccrehan WA, Durst RA. Anal Chem. 1996;68:3434. doi: 10.1021/ac9603284. PubMed DOI

Isalomboto Nkanga C, Murhimalika Bapolisi A, Ikemefuna Okafor N, Werner Maçedo Krause R. Liposomes—advances and perspectives. London: IntechOpen; 2019.

Farooque F, Wasi M, Mughees MM. J Drug Deliv Ther. 2021;11:149. doi: 10.22270/jddt.v11i5-S.5063. DOI

Giuliano CB, Cvjetan N, Ayache J, Walde P. ChemSystemsChem. 2021;3:202000049.

Paliwal SR, Paliwal R, Vyas SP. Drug Deliv. 2015;22:231. doi: 10.3109/10717544.2014.882469. PubMed DOI

Eloy JO, Petrilli R, Trevizan LNF, Chorilli M. Colloids Surf B. 2017;159:454. doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.07.085. PubMed DOI

Sharma A. Int J Pharm. 1997;154:123. doi: 10.1016/S0378-5173(97)00135-X. DOI

Miller CR, Bondurant B, McLean SD, McGovern KA, O'Brien DF. Biochemistry. 1998;37:12875. doi: 10.1021/bi980096y. PubMed DOI

Gonzalez Gomez A, Hosseinidoust Z. ACS Infect Dis. 2020;6:896. doi: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.9b00357. PubMed DOI

Šturm L, Poklar Ulrih N. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22:6547. doi: 10.3390/ijms22126547. PubMed DOI PMC

Lasic DD. Liposomes in gene delivery. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2019.

Vemuri S, Rhodes CT. Pharm Acta Helv. 1995;70:95. doi: 10.1016/0031-6865(95)00010-7. PubMed DOI

Kanda H, Katsube T, Wahyudiono, Goto M. Foods. 2021;10:1789. doi: 10.3390/foods10081789. PubMed DOI PMC

Gouda A, Sakr OS, Nasr M, Sammour O. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol. 2021;61:10217.

Cortesi R, Esposito E, Gambarin S, Telloli P, Menegatti E, Nastruzzi C. J Microencapsul. 1999;16:251. doi: 10.1080/026520499289220. PubMed DOI

Grit M, Crommelin DJA. Chem Phys Lipids. 1993;64:3. doi: 10.1016/0009-3084(93)90053-6. PubMed DOI

Bulbake U, Doppalapudi S, Kommineni N, Khan W. Pharmaceutics. 2017;9:12. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics9020012. PubMed DOI PMC

Attia MA, Essa EA, Elebyary TT, Faheem AM, Elkordy AA. Pharmaceuticals. 2021;14:1173. doi: 10.3390/ph14111173. PubMed DOI PMC

Gregoriadis G. Med Drug Discov. 2021;12:100104. doi: 10.1016/j.medidd.2021.100104. DOI

Schoenmaker L, Witzigmann D, Kulkarni JA, Verbeke R, Kersten G, Jiskoot W, Crommelin DJA. Int J Pharm. 2021;601:120586. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120586. PubMed DOI PMC

Chen C, Zhu S, Huang T, Wang S, Yan X. Anal Methods. 2013;5:2150. doi: 10.1039/c3ay40219c. DOI

Doyen C, Larquet E, Coureux PD, Frances O, Herman F, Sablé S, Burnouf JP, Sizun Ch, Lescop E. Mol Pharm. 2021;18:2521. doi: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00037. PubMed DOI

Ruf H, Georgalis Y, Grell E. Dynamic laser light scattering to determine size distributions of vesicles. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 1989. PubMed

Liang X, Mao G, Ng KYS. J Colloid Interface Sci. 2004;278:53. doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2004.05.042. PubMed DOI

Metso AJ, Mattila JP, Kinnunen PK. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2004;1663:222. doi: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2004.03.014. PubMed DOI

Oswald M, Platscher M, Geissler S, Goepferich A. Int J Pharm. 2016;497:293. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.11.014. PubMed DOI

Edwards KA, Baeumner AJ. Talanta. 2006;68:1432. doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2005.08.031. PubMed DOI

Almgren M, Edwards K, Karlsson G. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp. 2000;174:3. doi: 10.1016/S0927-7757(00)00516-1. DOI

Stetefeld J, McKenna SA, Patel TR. Biophys Rev. 2016;8:409. doi: 10.1007/s12551-016-0218-6. PubMed DOI PMC

Grabielle-Madelmont C, Lesieur S, Ollivon M. J Biochem Biophys Methods. 2003;56:189. doi: 10.1016/S0165-022X(03)00059-9. PubMed DOI

Sun Y, Shi QH, Zhang L, Zhao GF, Liu FF. Comprehensive biotechnology. 2. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2011.

Ruysschaert T, Marque A, Duteyrat JL, Lesieur S, Winterhalter M, Fournier D. BMC Biotechnol. 2005;5:11. doi: 10.1186/1472-6750-5-11. PubMed DOI PMC

Zhang XM, Patel AB, de Graaf RA, Behar KL. Chem Phys Lipids. 2004;127:113. doi: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2003.09.013. PubMed DOI

Zhang G, Sun J. Int J Nanomed. 2021;16:7391. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S331639. PubMed DOI PMC

Ohnishi N, Yamamoto E, Tomida H, Hyodo K, Ishihara H, Kikuchi H, Tahara K, Takeuchi H. Int J Pharm. 2013;441:67. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.12.019. PubMed DOI

Kanásová M, Nesměrák K. Monatsh Chem. 2017;148:1581. doi: 10.1007/s00706-017-1994-9. DOI

Singh N, Kushwaha P, Ahmad U, Abdullah M. Ars Pharm. 2019;60:231. doi: 10.30827/ars.v60i4.8517. DOI

Muneer S, Masood Z, Butt S, Anjum S, Zainab H, Anwar N, Ahmad N. J Nanomed Nanotechnol. 2017;8:3.

Manjula D, Shabaraya A, Somashekar S. Int J Pharm Sci Invent. 2014;3:6.

Wiedmer SK, Shimmo R. Electrophoresis. 2009;30:240. doi: 10.1002/elps.200900061. PubMed DOI

Nasr G, Greige-Gerges H, Elaissari A, Khreich N. Int J Pharm. 2020;580:119198. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119198. PubMed DOI

Tsukagoshi K, Okumura Y, Nakajima R. J Chromatogr A. 1998;813:402. doi: 10.1016/S0021-9673(98)00376-8. DOI

Franzen U, Nguyen TT, Vermehren C, Gammelgaard B, Østergaard J. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2011;55:16. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.12.037. PubMed DOI

Duffy CF, Gafoor S, Richards DP, Admadzadeh H, O'Kennedy R, Arriaga EA. Anal Chem. 2001;73:1855. doi: 10.1021/ac0010330. PubMed DOI

Radko SP, Stastna M, Chrambach A. Anal Chem. 2000;72:5955. doi: 10.1021/ac000661e. PubMed DOI

Wiedmer SK, Hautala J, Holopainen JM, Kinnunen PK, Riekkola ML. Electrophoresis. 2001;22:1305. doi: 10.1002/1522-2683(200105)22:7<1305::AID-ELPS1305>3.0.CO;2-Q. PubMed DOI

Ansar SM, Jiang W, Mudalige T. Int J Pharm. 2018;549:109. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.07.019. PubMed DOI

Chen D, Cole DL, Srivatsa GS. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2000;22:791. doi: 10.1016/S0731-7085(00)00243-0. PubMed DOI

Nguyen TT, Østergaard J, Stürup S, Gammelgaard B. Int J Pharm. 2013;449:95. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.03.055. PubMed DOI

Bilek G, Kremser L, Blaas D, Kenndler E. J Chromatogr B. 2006;841:38. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2006.03.031. PubMed DOI

Colón LA, Reynolds KJ, Alicea-Maldonado R, Fermier AM. Electrophoresis. 1997;18:2162. doi: 10.1002/elps.1150181207. PubMed DOI

Yan C, Xue Y, Wang Y. Capillary electromigration separation methods. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2018.

Wiedmer SK, Riekkola ML, Jussila MS. Trends Anal Chem. 2004;23:562. doi: 10.1016/j.trac.2004.03.001. DOI

Lokajová J, Tiala H, Viitala T, Riekkola ML, Wiedmer SK. Soft Matter. 2011;7:6041. doi: 10.1039/c1sm05372h. DOI

Mao X, Kong L, Li X, Guo B, Zou H. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2003;375:550. doi: 10.1007/s00216-002-1721-0. PubMed DOI

Örnskov E, Ullsten S, Söderberg L, Markides KE, Folestad S. Electrophoresis. 2002;23:3381. doi: 10.1002/1522-2683(200210)23:19<3381::AID-ELPS3381>3.0.CO;2-4. PubMed DOI

Godyń J, Gucwa D, Kobrlova T, Novak M, Soukup O, Malawska B, Bajda M. Talanta. 2020;217:121023. doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121023. PubMed DOI

Burns ST, Khaledi MG. J Pharm Sci. 2002;91:1601. doi: 10.1002/jps.10119. PubMed DOI

Wang Y, Sun J, Liu H, Liu J, Zhang L, Liu K, He Z. Analyst. 2009;134:267. doi: 10.1039/B807497F. PubMed DOI

Terabe S, Kim JB. Encyclopedia of analytical science. 2. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2005.

Nakamura H, Sugiyama I, Sano A. Anal Sci. 1996;12:973. doi: 10.2116/analsci.12.973. DOI

Wiedmer SK, Jussila MS, Holopainen JM, Alakoskela J, Kinnunen PKJ, Riekkola M. J Sep Sci. 2002;25:427. doi: 10.1002/1615-9314(20020501)25:7<427::AID-JSSC427>3.0.CO;2-#. DOI

Carrozzino JM, Khaledi MG. Pharm Res. 2004;21:2327. doi: 10.1007/s11095-004-7685-3. PubMed DOI

Liu Z, Wang S, Hu M. Developing solid oral dosage forms. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2009.

Liu X, Testa B, Fahr A. Pharm Res. 2011;28:962. doi: 10.1007/s11095-010-0303-7. PubMed DOI

Ruokonen SK, Duša F, Rantamäki AH, Robciuc A, Holma P, Holopainen JM, Abdel-Rehim M, Wiedmer SK. J Chromatogr A. 2017;1479:194. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.12.005. PubMed DOI

Investigating drug-liposome interactions using liposomal electrokinetic chromatography