It has been over a year since people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) have been receiving vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). With a negligible number of cases in which vaccination led to a relapse or new onset MS, experts around the world agree that the potential consequences of COVID-19 in pwMS by far outweigh the risks of vaccination. This article reviews the currently available types of anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and the immune responses they elicit in pwMS treated with different DMTs. Findings to date highlight the importance of vaccine timing in relation to DMT dosing to maximize protection, and of encouraging pwMS to get booster doses when offered.

Brain and Mind Center University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia

Clinic and Polyclinic for Neurology Universitätsklinikum Regensburg Regensburg Germany

College of Medicine Al Faisal University Riyadh Saudi Arabia

Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria

Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center Department of Neurology Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital Copenhagen Denmark

Department of Neurology Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt

Department of Neurology Hospital Clínico San Carlos Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos Madrid Spain

Department of Neurology Inselspital Bern Bern University Hospital University of Bern Bern Switzerland

Department of Neurology Medical Faculty Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf Düsseldorf Germany

Department of Neurology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria

Department of Neurology Palacky University Olomouc Olomouc Czechia

Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation University of Ferrara Ferrara Italy

Division of Clinical Neurosciences University of Turku Turku Finland

Faculty of Medicine Complutense University of Madrid Madrid Spain

Interdepartmental Center of Research for Multiple Sclerosis and Neuro inflammatory and Degenerative Diseases University of Ferrara Ferrara Italy

Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology 2nd Department of Neurology American Hellenic Educational Progressive Association University Hospital Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece

Multiple Sclerosis Center S Andrea Hospital Department of Human Neuroscience University Sapienza Rome Italy

Neurocenter of Turku University Hospital Turku Finland

Rehabilitation Research Center Hasselt University Hasselt Belgium

Revalidatie and Multiple Sclerosis Noorderhart Pelt Belgium

Section of Neurology Neurosciences Center King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center Riyadh Saudi Arabia

Universitair Multiple Sclerosis Centrum Hasselt Pelt Belgium

University of Lille Inserm U1172 LilNCog CHU Lille FHU Precise Lille France

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Summary of Safety and Efficacy of COVID Vaccination in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis