The purpose of this review is to outline our understanding of the nature, mechanism and physiological significance of light-induced reversible reorganizations in closed Type II reaction centre (RC) complexes. In the so-called 'closed' state, purple bacterial RC (bRC) and photosystem II (PSII) RC complexes are incapable of generating additional stable charge separation. Yet, upon continued excitation they display well-discernible changes in their photophysical and photochemical parameters. Substantial stabilization of their charge-separated states has been thoroughly documented-uncovering light-induced reorganizations in closed RCs and revealing their physiological importance in gradually optimizing the operation of the photosynthetic machinery during the dark-to-light transition. A range of subtle light-induced conformational changes has indeed been detected experimentally in different laboratories using different bRC and PSII-containing preparations. In general, the presently available data strongly suggest similar structural dynamics of closed bRC and PSII RC complexes, and similar physical mechanisms, in which dielectric relaxation processes and structural memory effects of proteins are proposed to play important roles.

Department of Physics Faculty of Science University of Ostrava 710 00 Ostrava Czech Republic

Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences 100093 Beijing People's Republic of China

Institute of Interdisciplinary Science and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology Okayama University 700 8530 Okayama Japan

Institute of Medical Physics and Informatics University of Szeged Rerrich B tér 1 6720 Szeged Hungary

Institute of Plant Biology Biological Research Centre Szeged Temesvári körút 62 6726 Szeged Hungary

Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion 45470 Mülheim a d Ruhr Germany

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Letter to the Editor

Revisiting the nonregulatory, constitutive nonphotochemical quenching of the absorbed light energy in oxygenic photosynthetic organisms

Characterization of the Rate-Limiting Steps in the Dark-To-Light Transitions of Closed Photosystem II: Temperature Dependence and Invariance of Waiting Times during Multiple Light Reactions

Light-induced reversible reorganizations in closed Type II reaction centre complexes: physiological roles and physical mechanisms