• MeSH
• univerzity dějiny   MeSH
• významné osobnosti MeSH
• Publikační typ
• biografie MeSH

• Konspekt
• Lékařské vědy. Lékařství
• NLK Obory
• dějiny lékařství
• lékařství

• MeSH
• zdravotní výchova MeSH

• Konspekt
• Hygiena. Lidské zdraví
• NLK Obory
• veřejné zdravotnictví
• zdravotní výchova

• MeSH
• Freudova teorie MeSH
• lékaři dějiny   MeSH
• psychoanalytická teorie MeSH
• psychoanalýza MeSH
• Publikační typ
• biografie MeSH

• Konspekt
• Zvláštní duševní stavy a procesy
• NLK Obory
• dějiny lékařství
• psychologie, klinická psychologie

• O autorovi
• Freud, Sigmund, 1856-1939 Autorita

• MeSH
• biologická evoluce MeSH
• ekologie MeSH

• Konspekt
• Biologické vědy
• NLK Obory
• environmentální vědy
• biologie

• MeSH
• kvalitativní výzkum MeSH
• výzkum MeSH

• Konspekt
• Věda. Všeobecnosti. Základy vědy a kultury. Vědecká práce
• NLK Obory
• věda a výzkum
• NLK Publikační typ
• kolektivní monografie

• MeSH
• etika MeSH
• morálka MeSH

• Konspekt
• Veřejné zdraví a hygiena
• NLK Obory
• etika, bioetika, lékařská etika

According to one theory, synaesthesia develops, or is preserved, because it helps children learn. If so, it should be more common among adults who faced greater childhood learning challenges. In the largest survey of synaesthesia to date, the incidence of synaesthesia was compared among native speakers of languages with transparent (easier) and opaque (more difficult) orthographies. Contrary to our prediction, native speakers of Czech (transparent) were more likely to be synaesthetes than native speakers of English (opaque). However, exploratory analyses suggested that this was because more Czechs learned non-native second languages, which was strongly associated with synaesthesia, consistent with the learning hypothesis. Furthermore, the incidence of synaesthesia among speakers of opaque languages was double that among speakers of transparent languages other than Czech, also consistent with the learning hypothesis. These findings contribute to an emerging understanding of synaesthetic development as a complex and lengthy process with multiple causal influences.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mnohojazyčnost * MeSH
• percepční poruchy epidemiologie   MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• učení fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH
• Kanada epidemiologie   MeSH

Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) adversely affects the lives of millions of people, but still lacks effective treatment options. Recent advancements in psychedelic research suggest psilocybin to be potentially efficacious for AUD. However, major knowledge gaps remain regarding (1) psilocybin's general mode of action and (2) AUD-specific alterations of responsivity to psilocybin treatment in the brain that are crucial for treatment development. Here, we conducted a randomized, placebo-controlled crossover pharmaco-fMRI study on psilocybin effects using a translational approach with healthy rats and a rat model of alcohol relapse. Psilocybin effects were quantified with resting-state functional connectivity using data-driven whole-brain global brain connectivity, network-based statistics, graph theory, hypothesis-driven Default Mode Network (DMN)-specific connectivity, and entropy analyses. Results demonstrate that psilocybin induced an acute wide-spread decrease in different functional connectivity domains together with a distinct increase of connectivity between serotonergic core regions and cortical areas. We could further provide translational evidence for psilocybin-induced DMN hypoconnectivity reported in humans. Psilocybin showed an AUD-specific blunting of DMN hypoconnectivity, which strongly correlated to the alcohol relapse intensity and was mainly driven by medial prefrontal regions. In conclusion, our results provide translational validity for acute psilocybin-induced neural effects in the rodent brain. Furthermore, alcohol relapse severity was negatively correlated with neural responsivity to psilocybin treatment. Our data suggest that a clinical standard dose of psilocybin may not be sufficient to treat severe AUD cases; a finding that should be considered for future clinical trials.

• MeSH
• alkoholismus * diagnostické zobrazování   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• default mode network MeSH
• ethanol MeSH
• halucinogeny * farmakologie   MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie metody   MeSH
• mozek diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• psilocybin farmakologie   MeSH
• recidiva MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH

The unique potential of fullerene C60 for various biological applications has ignited significant interest. However, its inherent non-polarity poses a critical challenge for its effective integration within biological systems. This study delves into the intricate physicochemical characteristics of the innovative [C60 + NO] complex using density functional theory and time-dependent density functional theory. The computational analyses encompass molecular charge, surface electrostatic potential, and dipole moment evaluations. Impressively, the dipole moment of the [C60 + NO] complex significantly increases to 12.92 D. Meticulous surface analysis reveals a subtle interplay between molecular structures, indicating weak interactions. The analysis of the absorption spectrum unveils a noteworthy red-shift of 200 nm subsequent to complex formation. To elucidate the electron transfer mechanisms, we explore photo-induced electron transfer through CAM-B3LYP. This exploration elucidates intricate pathways governing electron transfer, with complementary insights gleaned from Marcus theory's outputs, especially the Gibbs free energy of electron transfer. Changes in the physicochemical properties of approaching C60 and NO molecules reveal interesting results compared to separate molecules. These findings resonate profoundly in the context of potential biological and pharmaceutical utilization. With implications for the biomedical area, the outcomes linked to the [C60 + NO] complex kindle optimism for pioneering biomedical applications.

• MeSH
• fullereny * chemie   MeSH
• molekulární modely MeSH
• molekulární struktura MeSH
• oxid dusnatý MeSH
• transport elektronů MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

A simplified version of the frontier orbital model has been applied to pairs of C2, C2v, Cs, and C1 symmetry 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran rotamers to determine their best packing for fast singlet fission (SF). For each rotamer the square of the electronic matrix element for SF was calculated at 2.2 × 109 pair geometries and a few thousand most significant physically accessible local maxima were identified in the six-dimensional space of mutual arrangements. At these pair geometries, SF energy balance was evaluated, relative SF rate constants were approximated using Marcus theory, and the SF rate constant kSF was maximized by further optimization of the geometry of the molecular pair. The process resulted in 142, 67, 214, and 291 unique geometries for the C2, C2v, Cs, and C1 symmetry molecular pairs, respectively, predicted to be superior to the C2 symmetrized known crystal pair structure. These optimized pair geometries and their triplet biexciton binding energies are reported as targets for crystal engineering and/or covalent dimer synthesis, and as possible starting points for high-level pair geometry optimizations.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH