Bone regeneration after injury or after surgical bone removal due to disease is a serious medical challenge. A variety of materials are being tested to replace a missing bone or tooth. Regeneration requires cells capable of proliferation and differentiation in bone tissue. Although there are many possible human cell types available for use as a model for each phase of this process, no cell type is ideal for each phase. Osteosarcoma cells are preferred for initial adhesion assays due to their easy cultivation and fast proliferation, but they are not suitable for subsequent differentiation testing due to their cancer origin and genetic differences from normal bone tissue. Mesenchymal stem cells are more suitable for biocompatibility testing, because they mimic natural conditions in healthy bone, but they proliferate more slowly, soon undergo senescence, and some subpopulations may exhibit weak osteodifferentiation. Primary human osteoblasts provide relevant results in evaluating the effect of biomaterials on cellular activity; however, their resources are limited for the same reasons, like for mesenchymal stem cells. This review article provides an overview of cell models for biocompatibility testing of materials used in bone tissue research.

Biomedical Center Laboratory of Tumor Biology and Immunotherapy Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen Charles University Alej Svobody 1655 76 323 00 Plzen Czech Republic

Department of Anatomy Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen Charles University Alej Svobody 1655 76 323 00 Plzen Czech Republic

Department of Biology Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen Charles University Alej Svobody 1655 76 323 00 Plzen Czech Republic

Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen Charles University Alej Svobody 1655 76 323 00 Plzen Czech Republic

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Adaptability of Electrospun PVDF Nanofibers in Bone Tissue Engineering

Materials Suitable for Osteochondral Regeneration