Nowadays, fruits are gaining high demand due to their promising advantages on human health. Astonishingly, their by-products, that is, seeds and peels, account for 10-35% of fruit weight and are usually thrown as waste after consumption or processing. But it is neglected that fruit seeds also have functional properties and nutritional value, and thus could be utilized for dietary and therapeutic purposes, ultimately reducing the waste burden on the environment. Owing to these benefits, researchers have started to assess the nutritional value of different fruits seeds, in addition to the chemical composition in various bioactive constituents, like carotenoids (lycopene), flavonoids, proteins (bioactive peptides), vitamins, etc., that have substantial health benefits and can be used in formulating different types of food products with noteworthy functional and nutraceutical potential. The current review aims to comprehend the known information of nutritional and phytochemical profiling of non-edible fruits seeds, viz. apple, apricot, avocado, cherry, date, jamun, litchi, longan, mango, and papaya. Additionally, clinical studies conducted on these selected non-edible fruit seed extracts, their safety issues and their enrichment in food products as well as animal feed has also been discussed. This review aims to highlight the potential applications of the non-edible fruit seeds in developing new food products and also provide a viable alternative to reduce the waste disposal issue faced by agro-based industries.

Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence University of Granada Granada Spain

Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability Technical University of Munich Straubing Germany

Central Ayurveda Research Institute Jhansi India

Centre of Advanced Technologies Faculty of Science University of Hradec Kralove Hradec Kralove Czech Republic

Department of Biotechnology TIFAC Centre of Relevance and Excellence in Agro and Industrial Biotechnology Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology Patiala India

Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science University of Hradec Kralove Hradec Kralove Czech Republic

Department of Microbiology DAV University Sarmastpur Jalandhar India

Faculty of Medicine University of Porto Porto Portugal

Institute for Research and Innovation in Health University of Porto Porto Portugal

Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies Rua Central de Gandra Gandra PRD Portugal

Petroleum and Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universiti Teknologi Brunei Bandar Seri Begawan Brunei

School of Bioengineering and Biosciences Lovely Professional University Phagwara Punjab India

School of Bioengineering and Food Technology Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences Solan India

School of Biological and Environmental Sciences Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences Solan India

TOXRUN Toxicology Research Unit University Institute of Health Sciences CESPU Gandra CRL Portugal

References provided by Crossref.org

Amaranth and buckwheat grains: Nutritional profile, development of functional foods, their pre-clinical cum clinical aspects and enrichment in feed

Selected fruit pomaces: Nutritional profile, health benefits, and applications in functional foods and feeds