The resurgence of interest in amaranth and buckwheat as nutrient-rich and versatile grains has incited extensive research aimed at exploring their potential benefits for sustainable agriculture and human nutrition. Amaranth is renowned for its gluten-free nature and exceptional nutritional profile, offering high-quality proteins, fiber, minerals, and bioactive compounds. Similarly, buckwheat is recognized for its functional and nutraceutical properties, offering a plethora of health benefits attributed to its diverse array of biologically active constituents; flavonoids, phytosterols, and antioxidants. This comprehensive review comprehends the existing understanding of the composition, anti-nutritional factors, biological activity, and potential application of these grains, emphasizing their pivotal role in addressing global food insecurity. Developed functional foods using these grains are having enhanced physicochemical properties, mineral content, phenolic content and overall sensory acceptability. In addition, the consumption of developed functional food products proved their health benefits against various type of anomalies. Moreover, enrichment of both grains in the animal feeds also showing positive health benefits.

Biomedical Research Center University Hospital of Hradec Kralove 50005 Hradec Kralove Czech Republic

Centre of Advanced Technologies Faculty of Science University of Hradec Kralove Rokitanskeho 62 50003 Hradec Kralove Czech Republic

Department of Biotechnology TIFAC Centre of Relevance and Excellence in Agro and Industrial Biotechnology Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology Patiala 147001 India

Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science University of Hradec Kralove 50003 Hradec Kralove Czech Republic

School of Bioengineering and Biosciences Lovely Professional University Phagwara 144411 India

School of Biological and Environmental Sciences Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences Solan 173229 India

Zoology Department College of Science King Saud University Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia

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