Powdery mildew poses a significant threat to wheat crops worldwide, emphasizing the need for durable disease control strategies. The wheat-Dasypyrum villosum T5AL·5 V#4 S and T5DL·5 V#4 S translocation lines carrying powdery mildew resistant gene Pm55 shows developmental-stage and tissue-specific resistance, whereas T5DL·5 V#5 S line carrying Pm5V confers resistance at all stages. Here, we clone Pm55 and Pm5V, and reveal that they are allelic and renamed as Pm55a and Pm55b, respectively. The two Pm55 alleles encode coiled-coil, nucleotide-binding site-leucine-rich repeat (CNL) proteins, conferring broad-spectrum resistance to powdery mildew. However, they interact differently with a linked inhibitor gene, SuPm55 to cause different resistance to wheat powdery mildew. Notably, Pm55 and SuPm55 encode unrelated CNL proteins, and the inactivation of SuPm55 significantly reduces plant fitness. Combining SuPm55/Pm55a and Pm55b in wheat does not result in allele suppression or yield penalty. Our results provide not only insights into the suppression of resistance in wheat, but also a strategy for breeding durable resistance.

Agricultural Institute Centre for Agricultural Research Eötvös Loránd Research Network 2462 Martonvásár Hungary

College of Agronomy of Nanjing Agricultural University State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Application JCIC MCP Nanjing 210095 P R China

Crop Research Institute Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences Jinan 250100 P R China

Field Crops Research Institute Agricultural Research Centre 9 Gamma Street 12619 Giza Cairo Egypt

Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences Centre of Plant Structural and Functional Genomics Šlechtitelů 31 CZ 77900 Olomouc Czech Republic

Institute of Germplasm Resources and Biotechnology Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences Nanjing 210014 P R China

Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Science Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences Wuhan 430064 P R China

Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory No 50 Zhongling Street Nanjing Jiangsu 210014 China

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