As part of a broader survey of lignicolous saprobic fungi, we investigated fungal taxa from the class Sordariomycetes displaying holoblastic-denticulate conidiogenesis, a distinct developmental process and phylogenetically informative trait. Although these fungi appear morphologically similar in culture, they represent distinct evolutionary lineages. This taxonomic study integrates comparative morphological analyses, phylogenetic reconstruction of five nuclear markers, and analysis of biogeographical patterns through environmental DNA data to introduce novel taxa in the Pleurotheciales and Rhamphoriales. A new genus and species Echinodenticula allantospora and three new species, Phaeoisaria parallela, Rhamphoriopsis cuprea and Rh. denticulata, are described. A rarely encountered species Rhamphoria separata is reported, along with its previously undocumented asexual morph. Furthermore, we successfully demonstrate the utility of two protein-coding genes, rpb2 and tef1, as complementary barcodes for distinguishing closely related Phaeoisaria species. Our findings highlight the significance of holoblastic-denticulate conidiogenesis as a diagnostic feature of the Rhamphoriales and a prevalent trait in the Pleurotheciales. An unknown ascomycete that produced only sterile mycelium in culture is described here as Melanocrypta curvata and placed at an incertae sedis position within the Sordariomycetes. Additionally, we present short-read whole-genome sequencing data for the ex-type strains of the newly described species, providing a valuable genomic resource for future taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional studies. Environmental DNA data from the GlobalFungi database bring new perspective into the biogeographical patterns of Phaeoisaria, Rhamphoria, and Rhamphoriopsis. The distribution of E. allantospora and M. curvata remains poorly understood, as no records for these species were found in GlobalFungi. This study provides new insights into the molecular systematics, taxonomy, and biogeography of the Rhamphoriales and Pleurotheciales, and highlights the role of environmental DNA metabarcoding in uncovering fungal diversity and distribution patterns. Citation: Réblová M, Nekvindová J, Hernández-Restrepo M, Hradilová M, Kolařík M (2025). Phylogeny, taxonomy and geographic distribution of novel and known fungi with holoblastic-denticulate conidiogenesis in Rhamphoriales and Pleurotheciales (Sordariomycetes). Persoonia 55: 277-311. doi: 10.3114/persoonia.2025.55.08.

Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics University Hospital Hradec Králové 500 05 Hradec Králové Czech Republic

The Czech Academy of Sciences Institute of Botany Department of Taxonomy 252 43 Průhonice Czech Republic

The Czech Academy of Sciences Institute of Microbiology Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism 142 20 Prague 4 Czech Republic

The Czech Academy of Sciences Institute of Molecular Genetics Laboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics 142 20 Prague 4 Czech Republic

Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute Uppsalalaan 8 3584 CT Utrecht The Netherlands

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