Adipose tissue and its secreted products, adipokines, have a major role in the development of obesity-associated metabolic derangements including Type 2 diabetes. Conversely, obesity and its metabolic sequelae may be counteracted by modulating metabolism and secretory functions of adipose tissue. LC-PUFAs (long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids) of the n-3 series, namely DHA (docosahexaenoic acid; C(22:6n-3)) and EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid; C(20:5n-3)), exert numerous beneficial effects, such as improvements in lipid metabolism and prevention of obesity and diabetes, which partially result from the metabolic action of n-3 LC-PUFAs in adipose tissue. Recent studies highlight the importance of mitochondria in adipose tissue for the maintenance of systemic insulin sensitivity. For instance, both n-3 LC-PUFAs and the antidiabetic drugs TZDs (thiazolidinediones) induce mitochondrial biogenesis and beta-oxidation. The activation of this 'metabolic switch' in adipocytes leads to a decrease in adiposity. Both n-3 LC-PUFAs and TZDs ameliorate a low-grade inflammation of adipose tissue associated with obesity and induce changes in the pattern of secreted adipokines, resulting in improved systemic insulin sensitivity. In contrast with TZDs, which act as agonists of PPARgamma (peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-gamma) and promote differentiation of adipocytes and adipose tissue growth, n-3 LC-PUFAs affect fat cells by different mechanisms, including the transcription factors PPARalpha and PPARdelta. Some of the effects of n-3 LC-PUFAs on adipose tissue depend on their active metabolites, especially eicosanoids. Thus treatments affecting adipose tissue by multiple mechanisms, such as combining n-3 LC-PUFAs with either caloric restriction or antidiabetic/anti-obesity drugs, should be explored.
- MeSH
- adipokiny sekrece MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- kyseliny mastné omega-3 farmakologie metabolismus terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metabolické sítě a dráhy účinky léků MeSH
- metabolický syndrom metabolismus terapie MeSH
- proliferace buněk účinky léků MeSH
- tuková tkáň metabolismus účinky léků MeSH
- tukové buňky patologie účinky léků MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) is abundant in developing monocyte/macrophage cells and may affect hematopoiesis by reducing formation of reactive oxygen species. The aims of this study were to further characterize the involvement of UCP2 in hematopoiesis. In situ hybridization in mouse embryos identified UCP2-positive cells in liver and inside primitive blood vessels from 10.5 days of prenatal development. High UCP2 transcript levels were detected in reticulocytes and other maturating erythroid cells in peripheral blood of mice exposed to hypoxia, and in umbilical cord blood of human neonates and peripheral blood of adults. Our results suggest involvement of UCP2 in erythropoiesis.
- MeSH
- embryo savčí MeSH
- erytroidní buňky cytologie chemie MeSH
- erytropoéza genetika MeSH
- fetální krev MeSH
- játra cytologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- messenger RNA analýza MeSH
- myši MeSH
- proteiny analýza fyziologie genetika MeSH
- retikulocyty chemie MeSH
- stárnutí buněk genetika MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
