Pluripotent stem cells of the bone marrow are stimulated by different cytokines to proliferation and differentiation into various types of blood cells. These cytokines are mostly glycoproteins. Erythropoietin stimulates stem cells to the formation of erythrocytes while colony-stimulating factors cause the formation of different types of white blood cells. Stem cell factors play an important role in the maintenance and survival of blood cells of all types. Thrombopoietin stimulates stem cells to proliferation and formation of blood platelets. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor is probably the most important drug in use. It stimulates stem cells to the formation of neutrophile granulocytes. It is often used in recombinant forms such as filgrastim in the treatment of neutropenia in cancer chemotherapy or AIDS. Its pegylated conjugates such as pegfilgrastim are also available. Its activity can be supported by plerixafor, a small molecule - bicyclam derivative acting as an indirect agonist of stem cells factor. It acts as an antagonist of CXCR4 receptor activation of which brakes hematopoiesis. The treatment of conditions accompanied by thrombocytopenia such as idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura is currently not performed by thrombopoietin but synthetic agonists of its receptor are preferred. Romiplostim is a peptibody. It consists of a protein part interacting with the thrombopoietin receptor which is, however, different from thrombopoietin, and of Fc fragment of immunoglobulin G1. In contrast, small molecule thrombopoietin receptor agonists represented by eltrombopag can be given orally unlike all of the above.
- MeSH
- benzoáty chemie farmakologie MeSH
- buněčná diferenciace účinky léků MeSH
- faktor růstu kmenových buněk farmakologie MeSH
- faktory stimulující kolonie farmakologie MeSH
- hydraziny chemie farmakologie MeSH
- knihovny malých molekul chemie farmakologie MeSH
- leukocyty mononukleární cytologie účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pyrazoly chemie farmakologie MeSH
- receptory thrombopoetinu agonisté metabolismus MeSH
- trombocyty cytologie metabolismus MeSH
- trombopoéza účinky léků MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Koronavírus 2 vyvolávajúci ťažký akútny respiračný syndróm (SARS-CoV-2) a pandémia ochorenia COVID-19 (COrona VIrus Disease-19), ktoré je týmto vírusom zapríčinené, v priebehu polroka zmenili svet. Deficit efektívnej terapie COVID-19, spolu s jeho etiológiou, rezultovali v čase písania tejto publikácie do viac ako 500 000 potvrdených úmrtí a globálna ekonomika je na nevídanej, bezprecedentne nízkej úrovni s neznámymi krátkodobými a dlhodobými dôsledkami. Ingavirín je považovaný za netoxické širokospektrálne antivirotikum s komplexným mechanizmom pôsobenia. Zlúčenina bola pôvodne projektovaná pre profylaxiu a liečbu chrípky, ktorá je zapríčinená vírusmi chrípky antigénnych typov A a B a pre liečbu ďalších akútnych respiračných ochorení vyvolaných inými vírusmi. V publikácii je formulovaná hypotéza o účinnosti tejto molekuly obsahujúcej 1H-imidazol-4-ylový heterocyklus proti SARS-CoV-2. Aktivita by mohla súvisieť so schopnosťou derivátu interferovať so špecifickými heterogénnymi nukleárnymi ribonukleoproteínmi (napríklad s typom A1). Tieto špecifické RNA-viažuce proteíny vykazovali afinitu k nukleokapsidovému proteínu (N-proteínu) koronavírusu vyvolávajúceho ťažký akútny respiračný syndróm (SARS-CoV), ktorý sa vyznačuje vysokou homológiou s N-proteínom SARS-CoV-2 vyjadrenou sekvenčnou zhodou 90,25 %. Narušenie optimálnych interakcií medzi nukleárnymi ribonukleoproteínmi a nukleokapsidovým proteínom SARS-CoV-2 by mohli rezultovať do inhibície replikačného cyklu tohto vírusu. Aditívne imunomodulačné vlastnosti ingavirínu by mohli byť výhodné pre indukciu adaptívnej imunity hostiteľských buniek.
The Severe Acute Respiratory Coronavirus 2 (SARS--CoV-2) and Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the virus, have changed the world in just half a year. Lack of effective treatment, coupled with etiology of COVID-19, has resulted in more than 500,000 confirmed deaths at the time of writing, and the global economy is at an unseen unprecedented low level with unknown near- and long-term consequences. Ingavirin has been considered a non-toxic broad-spectrum antiviral with a complex mechanism of action. The molecule was originally designed for the prophylaxis and treatment of flu caused by both Influenza A and B viruses and for the treatment of viral causes of acute respiratory illness. The article hypothesized that the efficiency of given 1H-imidazol-4-yl heterocyclic scaffold-containing compound against SARS-CoV-2 might be connected with its ability to interfere with specific heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (A1, for example). These specific cellular RNA-binding proteins showed affinity to Severe Acute Respiratory Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) nucleocapsid (N) protein, which shared high homology with the N protein of SARS-CoV-2 and the fact was expressed by a sequence identity of 90.52%. Impairing of the interactions between nuclear ribonucleoproteins and nucleocapsid (N) protein of SARS-CoV-2 might result in the inhibition of a viral replication cycle. Additional immunomodulating properties of ingavirin could be favorable for induction of adaptive immunity of host cells.
- Klíčová slova
- SARS-CoV2, ingavirin,
- MeSH
- antivirové látky farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- Betacoronavirus účinky léků MeSH
- COVID-19 * farmakoterapie MeSH
- heterogenní jaderné ribonukleoproteiny MeSH
- imidazoly terapeutické užití MeSH
- kapronáty terapeutické užití MeSH
- koronavirové infekce farmakoterapie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nukleokapsida - proteiny MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
